{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T22:46:05Z","timestamp":1791758765438,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Dent"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The development of biomimetic scaffolds capable of simultaneously supporting stem cell viability and enhancing osteogenic differentiation remains a major challenge in bone tissue engineering. This study evaluated the effects of porous polycaprolactone (PCL)\/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite scaffolds containing different MWCNT concentrations on cytocompatibility, cellular adhesion, morphology, and osteogenic mineralization using stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) and MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Porous PCL scaffolds containing 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5\u2009wt% MWCNTs were fabricated using a solvent casting\u2013salt leaching technique. Scaffold cytocompatibility was assessed by Alamar Blue assays after 1, 3, and 7 days of culture. Cell attachment and morphology were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by Alizarin Red S staining at 7, 14, and 21 days to quantify extracellular matrix mineralization under osteogenic medium. Statistical analyses of cytocompatibility were performed in triplicate using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc test (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>All PCL\/MWCNT scaffolds exhibited excellent cytocompatibility above the ISO 10993-5 threshold. SEM demonstrated progressive cell spreading, extensive filopodia formation, and intimate cell\u2013scaffold interactions, with more pronounced adhesion on MWCNT-containing scaffolds than on pristine PCL. Mineralization increased in a time-dependent manner in both SHED and MC3T3-E1 cultures. Among all formulations, the 1.5\u2009wt% MWCNT scaffold consistently produced the greatest calcium-rich mineralized matrix, whereas higher MWCNT loading (2.5\u2009wt%) did not provide additional osteogenic benefits, suggesting concentration-dependent optimization of scaffold bioactivity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Incorporation of MWCNTs significantly enhanced the biological performance of porous PCL scaffolds by promoting cell attachment and extracellular matrix mineralization while preserving cytocompatibility. The 1.5\u2009wt% MWCNT formulation demonstrated the optimal balance between biocompatibility and osteogenic activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0046-1829081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T22:30:26Z","timestamp":1791757826000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nanostructured PCL\/MWCNT Composite Scaffolds Promote Cell Adhesion and Mineralized Matrix Formation for Bone Regeneration: SHED and MC3T3 Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1055","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5518-3372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hendrik Setia","family":"Budi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Biology Division, Department of Basic Dental Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia"},{"name":"Regenerative Dentistry Research Group, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4209-3551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yung Kang","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Anitasari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Material and Devices, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aqsa Syuhada","family":"Oki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Biology Division, Department of Basic Dental Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oki","family":"Fadhila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Biology Division, Department of Basic Dental Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asma","family":"Suhail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Master Program of Dental Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neny","family":"Roeswahjuni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral Program of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinda Ayu","family":"Lestari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Life Sciences, Engineering & Technology (LIHTR), 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