{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T02:02:42Z","timestamp":1776477762527,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","funder":[{"name":"National funding through the Portuguese Foundation for Science\n and Technology","award":["SFRH\/BD\/138876\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/138876\/2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>The anaerobic threshold (AnT) seems to be not only a physiologic boundary but\n also a transition after which swimmers technique changes, modifying their\n biomechanical behaviour. We expanded the AnT concept to a biophysical construct\n in the four conventional swimming techniques. Seventy-two elite swimmers\n performed a 5\u00d7200\u2009m incremental protocol in their preferred\n swimming technique (with a 0.05\u2009m\u00b7s\u22121\n increase and a 30\u2009s interval between steps). A capillary blood samples\n were collected from the fingertip and stroke rate (SR) and length (SL)\n determined for the assessment of [La], SR and SL vs. velocity inflexion points\n (using the interception of a pair of linear and exponential regression curves).\n The [La] values at the AnT were 3.3\u00b11.0, 3.9\u00b11.1, 2.9\u00b11\n .34 and 4.5\u00b11.4\u2009mmol\u00b7l\u22121\n (mean\u00b1SD) for front crawl, backstroke, breaststroke and butterfly, and\n its corresponding velocity correlated highly with those at SR and SL inflection\n points (r=0.91\u20130.99, p<0.001). The agreement analyses\n confirmed that AnT represents a biophysical boundary in the four competitive\n swimming techniques and can be determined individually using [La] and\/or\n SR\/SL. Blood lactate increase speed can help characterise\n swimmers\u2019 anaerobic behaviour after AnT and between competitive swimming\n techniques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0975-9532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]],"date-time":"2020-01-24T01:16:02Z","timestamp":1579828562000},"page":"318-327","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Anaerobic Threshold Biophysical Characterisation of the Four Swimming\n Techniques"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Diogo Duarte","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport, Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and\n Intervention in Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto, Porto,\n Portugal"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport, Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and\n Intervention in Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Zacca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport, Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and\n Intervention in Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto, Porto,\n Portugal"},{"name":"CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Bras\u00edlia,\n Brazil"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport, Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and\n Intervention in Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Daniel Almeida","family":"Marinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior,\n Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human\n Development, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real,\n Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio Jos\u00e9","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human\n Development, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real,\n Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Sport Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and\n Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo","family":"Vilas-Boas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport, Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and\n Intervention in Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto, Porto,\n Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ricardo J.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport, Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and\n Intervention in Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto, Porto,\n Portugal"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,23]]},"container-title":["International Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-0975-9532.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]],"date-time":"2020-05-01T22:31:34Z","timestamp":1588372294000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-0975-9532"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,23]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"05","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-0975-9532","relation":{},"ISSN":["0172-4622","1439-3964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0172-4622","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-3964","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,23]]}}}