{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T17:56:02Z","timestamp":1767981362948,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers of Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["HHSD2002013M53968B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSD2002013M53968B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Perinatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Objective\u2003The aim of this study is to examine the association of breastfeeding with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in women with recent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the very early postpartum (PP) period.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Study Design\u2003We performed a secondary analysis of the Balance After Baby Intervention (BABI) study which enrolled women with recent GDM. Data collected during an early (~8 weeks) PP visit were used in this analysis. At this visit, weight, height, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and lipids were obtained. MetS was classified per National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Program III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria. We defined breastfeeding as currently breastfeeding or not currently breastfeeding for the main analysis.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Results\u2003Of 181 women enrolled in BABI, 178 were included in this analysis (3 excluded for missing lipids). Thirty-four percent were Hispanic. Of non-Hispanics, 31.5% were White, 18.5% Asian, and 12.9% Black\/African American. The prevalence of MetS was 42.9% in women not breastfeeding versus 17.1% in women breastfeeding (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001; adjusted odds ratio [aOR]\u2009=\u20090.16 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.06\u20130.41]). Breastfeeding women had significantly lower odds of FPG \u2265100\u2009mg\/dL (aOR\u2009=\u20090.36 [95% CI: 0.14\u20130.95], p\u2009=\u20090.039), HDL\u2009&lt;\u200950\u2009mg\/dL (aOR\u2009=\u20090.19 [95% CI: 0.08\u20130.46], p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and triglycerides (TG) \u2265 150\u2009mg\/dL (aOR\u2009=\u20090.26 [95% CI: 0.10\u20130.66], p\u2009=\u20090.005). When evaluated as continuous variables, WC, FPG, and TG were significantly lower and HDL significantly higher in women breastfeeding in the very early PP period (vs. not breastfeeding).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Conclusion\u2003In a diverse population of women with recent GDM, there was lower prevalence of MetS in women breastfeeding compared with those not breastfeeding in the very early PP period. This study extends the findings of an association of breastfeeding with MetS previously reported at time points more remote from pregnancy to the very early PP period and to an ethnically and racially diverse population.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Key Points\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1674-5724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T22:54:04Z","timestamp":1634770444000},"page":"072-081","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Breastfeeding Associated with Lower Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Women with Gestational Diabetes in the Very Early Postpartum Period"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"41","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02744300","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Rachel A.","family":"Blair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o S\u00e9rgio","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jacinda M.","family":"Nicklas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado"}]},{"given":"Christine E.","family":"Horn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}]},{"given":"Geraldine","family":"Skurnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}]},{"given":"Ellen W.","family":"Seely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7356.157","article-title":"Pregnancy complications and maternal cardiovascular risk: opportunities for intervention and screening?","volume":"325","author":"N Sattar","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.156810","article-title":"Breathing life into the lifecourse approach: pregnancy history and cardiovascular disease in women","volume":"56","author":"J W Rich-Edwards","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.036748","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease-related morbidity and mortality in women with a history of pregnancy complications","volume":"139","author":"S M Grandi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"S 01","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S14","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-S002","article-title":"2. 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