{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T10:20:15Z","timestamp":1774952415319,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,14]],"date-time":"2022-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Endosc Int Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Background and study aims\u2002Indeterminate biliary strictures pose a significative clinical challenge. Dilated, irregular, and tortuous vessels, often described as tumor vessels, are frequently reported in biliary strictures with high malignancy potential during digital single-operator cholangioscopy (D-SOC). In recent years, the development of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for application to endoscopic practice has been intensely studied. We aimed to develop an AI algorithm for automatic detection of tumor vessels (TVs) in D-SOC images.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Patients and methods\u2002A convolutional neural network (CNN) was developed. A total of 6475 images from 85 patients who underwent D-SOC (Spyglass, Boston Scientific, Marlborough, Massachusetts, United States) were included. Each frame was evaluated for the presence of TVs. The performance of the CNN was measured by calculating the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2002The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 99.3\u200a%, 99.4\u200a%, 99.6% and 98.7\u200a%, respectively. The AUC was 1.00.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusions\u2002Our CNN was able to detect TVs with high accuracy. Development of AI algorithms may enhance the detection of macroscopic characteristics associated with high probability of biliary malignancy, thus optimizing the diagnostic workup of patients with indeterminate biliary strictures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1723-3369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,14]],"date-time":"2022-03-14T23:37:30Z","timestamp":1647301050000},"page":"E262-E268","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Automatic detection of tumor vessels in indeterminate biliary strictures in digital single-operator cholangioscopy"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Pedro","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"WGO Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Mascarenhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"WGO Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Tiago","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"WGO Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Afonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"WGO Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o P. S.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"INEGI \u2013 Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Filipe","family":"Vilas-Boas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"WGO Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Marco P.L.","family":"Parente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"INEGI \u2013 Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Renato N.","family":"Jorge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"INEGI \u2013 Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Guilherme","family":"Macedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"WGO Gastroenterology and Hepatology Training Center, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2019.11.025","article-title":"Digital single-operator peroral cholangioscopy-guided biopsy sampling versus ERCP-guided brushing for indeterminate biliary strictures: a prospective, randomized, multicenter 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