{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T03:59:24Z","timestamp":1774583964927,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Thromb Haemost"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Objective\u2003To summarize characteristics, complications, and success rates of different catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) protocols for the treatment of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (LE-DVT).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Methods\u2003A systematic review using electronic databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science) was performed to identify randomized controlled trials and observational studies related to LE-DVT treated with CDT. A random-effects model meta-analysis was performed to obtain the pooled proportions of early complications, postthrombotic syndrome (PTS), and venous patency.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Results\u2003Forty-six studies met the inclusion criteria reporting 49 protocols (n\u2009=\u20093,028 participants). In studies that addressed the thrombus location (n\u2009=\u200937), LE-DVT had iliofemoral involvement in 90\u2009\u00b1\u200923% of the cases. Only four series described CDT as the sole intervention for LE-DVT, while 47% received additional thrombectomy (manual, surgical, aspiration, or pharmacomechanical), and 89% used stenting.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Definition of venogram success was highly variable, being the Venous Registry Index the most used method (n\u2009=\u200919). Among those, the minimal thrombolysis rate (&lt;50% lysed thrombus) was 0 to 53%, partial thrombolysis (50\u201390% lysis) was 10 to 71%, and complete thrombolysis (90\u2013100%) was 0 to 88%. Pooled outcomes were 8.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.6\u201310.7) for minor bleeding, 1.2% (95% CI: 0.8\u20131.7%) for major bleeding, 1.1% (95% CI: 0.6\u20131.6) for pulmonary embolism, and 0.6% (95% CI: 0.3\u20130.9) for death. Pooled incidences of PTS and of venous patency at up to 1 year of follow-up were 17.6% (95% CI: 11.8\u201323.4) and 77.5% (95% CI: 68.1\u201386.9), respectively.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Conclusion\u2003Assessment of the evidence is hampered by the heterogeneity of protocols, which may be reflected in the variation of PTS rates. Despite this, CDT is a low-risk treatment for LE-DVT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2106-3754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]],"date-time":"2023-06-06T23:12:35Z","timestamp":1686093155000},"page":"089-104","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis Protocols for Deep Venous Thrombosis of the Lower Extremities\u2014A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Duarte-Gamas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Filipa","family":"J\u00e1come","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lara Romana","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Rocha-Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Biomedicine Department - Unit of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Kak K.","family":"Yeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Niels","family":"Baekgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, Rigshospitalet and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Dias-Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.114.304488","article-title":"Thrombosis: a major contributor to global disease burden","volume":"34","author":"G E Raskob","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc 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