{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T01:36:54Z","timestamp":1768268214368,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":216,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"11","funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["2023.02706.BD,UI\/BD\/154331\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023.02706.BD,UI\/BD\/154331\/2023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is no doubt that sarcopenia is one of the most defining characteristics of\n                    aging that negatively impacts the people\u2019s health and quality of life. The\n                    condition is characterized by the progressive and generalized loss of muscle\n                    mass and strength, affecting physical performance. It is part of aging but can\n                    be exacerbated by pathophysiological conditions like cancer and several factors\n                    such as a sedentary lifestyle, poor nutrition, chronic diseases, falls and\n                    immobilization. Numerous cellular mechanisms have been implicated in its\n                    pathogenesis, including hormonal changes, mitochondrial dysfunctions, altered\n                    apoptotic and autophagic signaling, muscle fiber composition, and inflammatory\n                    pathways. To prevent sarcopenia, exercise is one of the most effective\n                    strategies as it has a strong influence on both anabolic and catabolic muscle\n                    pathways and helps improve skeletal muscle function. A well-rounded,\n                    multicomponent exercise program that targets muscle strength, aerobic capacity,\n                    and balance is recommended for optimal results. While nutrition is essential for\n                    muscle maintenance, relying solely on dietary interventions is unlikely to fully\n                    address sarcopenia. Therefore, a combination of adequate nutrition and regular\n                    exercise is recommended to promote muscle health and function. The purpose of\n                    this study is to review sarcopenia from an aging viewpoint and discuss the role\n                    of exercise and nutrition as prevention and management options.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2577-2577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T20:09:11Z","timestamp":1744142951000},"page":"789-808","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Sarcopenia: an Aging Perspective and Management\n                    Options"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1498-949X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana M","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of\n                    Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity (doi:\n                    10.54499\/UIDP\/04213\/2020), CIDAF-UC, Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Shiva E","family":"Nosrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of\n                    Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity (doi:\n                    10.54499\/UIDP\/04213\/2020), CIDAF-UC, Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Parvani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of\n                    Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity (doi:\n                    10.54499\/UIDP\/04213\/2020), CIDAF-UC, Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Viola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of\n                    Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Shaghayegh","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Education, Department of Pathology and Corrective\n                    Exercises, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran (the Islamic Republic\n                    of)"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"afae052","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afae052","article-title":"The conceptual definition of sarcopenia: Delphi consensus from the Global\n                    Leadership Initiative in Sarcopenia (GLIS)","volume":"53","author":"B Kirk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"46","article-title":"Impact of physical activity on the management of sarcopenia","volume":"67","author":"E D\u2019Angelo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afab148","article-title":"How do we define and measure sarcopenia? A meta-analysis of observational\n                    studies","volume":"50","author":"P R Carvalho do Nascimento","year":"2021","journal-title":"Age Aging"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12783","article-title":"Global prevalence of sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia: A systematic review and\n                    meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"F Petermann-Rocha","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy169","article-title":"Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis","volume":"48","author":"A J Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2019","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12048","article-title":"SARC-F: a symptom score to predict persons with sarcopenia at risk for poor\n                    functional outcomes","volume":"7","author":"T K Malmstrom","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"2806","article-title":"Diagnosing sarcopenia: Functional perspectives and a new algorithm from\n                    ISarcoPRM","volume":"53","author":"K Murat","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s40200-017-0302-x","article-title":"Prevalence of sarcopenia in the world: A systematic review and meta- analysis of\n                    general population studies","volume":"16","author":"G Shafiee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Diabetes Metab Disord"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.11.025","article-title":"Sarcopenia in Asia: Consensus report of the Asian Working Group for\n                    Sarcopenia","volume":"15","author":"L-K Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.12.012","article-title":"Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia: 2019 consensus update on sarcopenia\n                    diagnosis and treatment","volume":"21","author":"L-K Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu010","article-title":"The FNIH sarcopenia project: Rationale, study description, conference\n                    recommendations, and final estimates","volume":"69","author":"S A Studenski","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16372","article-title":"Sarcopenia Definition: The Position Statements of the Sarcopenia Definition and\n                    Outcomes Consortium","volume":"68","author":"S Bhasin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Geriatrics Soc"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2022.01.027","article-title":"Screening, diagnosis and monitoring of sarcopenia: When to use which tool?","volume":"48","author":"L Ackermans","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPEN"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.101883","article-title":"An elusive consensus definition of sarcopenia impedes research and clinical\n                    treatment: A narrative review","volume":"86","author":"G Coletta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"afac220","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afac220","article-title":"Sarcopenia definition, diagnosis and treatment: Consensus is growing","volume":"51","author":"A A Sayer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Age Aging"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16030436","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria and measurement techniques of Sarcopenia: A critical\n                    evaluation of the Up-to-date evidence","volume":"16","author":"G Voulgaridou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2017.60","article-title":"Epidemiology of sarcopenia and insight into possible therapeutic targets","volume":"13","author":"E M Dennison","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533615622537","article-title":"Prevalence of Sarcopenia and Associated Outcomes in the Clinical Setting","volume":"31","author":"S J Peterson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-019-0432-x","article-title":"Sex differences in the prevalence and adverse outcomes of sarcopenia and\n                    sarcopenic obesity in community dwelling elderly in East China using the AWGS\n                    criteria","volume":"19","author":"Y Du","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11980","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191911980","article-title":"Sex differences of sarcopenia in an elderly Asian population: The prevalence and\n                    risk factors","volume":"19","author":"J Hwang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Env Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"425","article-title":"Prevalence of sarcopenia: The impact of different diagnostic cut-off limits","volume":"14","author":"C Beaudart","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Muscoluskelet Neuronal Interact"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4651","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054651","article-title":"Sex differences in inflammation and muscle wasting in aging and disease","volume":"24","author":"C Della Peruta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11658","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202000493R","article-title":"Intramuscular short-chain acylcarnitines in elderly people are decreased in\n                    (pre-) frail females, but not in males","volume":"34","author":"M D van der Hoek","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6335","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006335","article-title":"Sex differences in global mRNA content of human skeletal muscle","volume":"4","author":"A C Maher","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1113\/EP087007","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism of substrate utilization: Differences in skeletal muscle\n                    mitochondrial volume density and function","volume":"103","author":"D Montero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-023-10070-x","article-title":"The influence of biological sex in human skeletal muscle transcriptome during\n                    ageing","volume":"25","author":"X Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12147","article-title":"Welcome to the ICD-10 code for sarcopenia","volume":"7","author":"S D Anker","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0169548","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169548","article-title":"Health outcomes of sarcopenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"C Beaudart","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"1","article-title":"Investigation of life expectancy in community-dwelling elderly men in Iran and\n                    its related factors","volume":"8","author":"M Kushkestani","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Aging Sci"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-3258-72-45","article-title":"Sarcopenia: Burden and challenges for public health","volume":"72","author":"C Beaudart","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Public Health"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"35","article-title":"Active lifestyle prevent sarcopenia in older men","volume":"1","author":"M Kushkestan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Life Med Res Rev"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12411","article-title":"Sarcopenia and its association with falls and fractures in older adults: A\n                    systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"SS Y Yeung","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2019.01.002","article-title":"Falls among older adults with sarcopenia dwelling in nursing home or community:\n                    A meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"X Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2124","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13047","article-title":"Sarcopenia is a risk factor for falling in independently living Japanese older\n                    adults: A 2-year prospective cohort study of the GAINA study","volume":"17","author":"H Matsumoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geriatrics Gerontology Int"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2017.01.006","article-title":"Frailty and sarcopenia: The potential role of an aged immune system","volume":"36","author":"D Wilson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1111\/jnu.12322","article-title":"Frailty as a Risk Factor for Falls Among Community Dwelling People: Evidence\n                    From a Meta-Analysis","volume":"49","author":"M H Cheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Nurs Scholarsh"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953241","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/953241","article-title":"Vitamin D: A Review on Its Effects on Muscle Strength, the Risk of Fall, and\n                    Frailty","volume":"2015","author":"M Halfon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00861","article-title":"Aging and imaging assessment of body composition: From fat to facts","volume":"10","author":"F Ponti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.23736\/S1973-9087.22.07215-X","article-title":"Is sarcopenia associated with osteoporosis? A cross-sectional study of 262 women\n                    with hip fracture","volume":"58","author":"M Di Monaco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2020.01.004","article-title":"Factors associated with sarcopenia: A cross-sectional analysis using UK\n                    Biobank","volume":"133","author":"F Petermann-Rocha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16071228","article-title":"The association between osteoporosis and grip strength and skeletal muscle mass\n                    in community-dwelling older women","volume":"16","author":"Y Taniguchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Env Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.a.10119","article-title":"Bone\u2019s mechanostat: A 2003 update","volume":"275A","author":"H M Frost","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.11005\/jbm.2014.21.1.29","article-title":"Interaction between muscle and bone","volume":"21","author":"H Kaji","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Bone Metab"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1038\/bonekey.2016.48","article-title":"Effects of myokines on bone","volume":"5","author":"H Kaji","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bonekey Rep"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2015.04.036","article-title":"Role of IGF-I signaling in muscle bone interactions","volume":"80","author":"D D Bikle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1002\/agm2.12080","article-title":"Osteosarcopenia: A case of geroscience","volume":"2","author":"B Kirk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging Med (Milton)"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2781","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-017-4151-8","article-title":"Osteosarcopenia: Where bone, muscle, and fat collide","volume":"28","author":"H P Hirschfeld","year":"2017","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-019-2650-9","article-title":"Association of serum bone- and muscle-derived factors with age, sex, body\n                    composition, and physical function in community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly\n                    adults: A cross-sectional study","volume":"20","author":"K Moriwaki","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020293","article-title":"A vicious cycle of osteosarcopenia in inflammatory bowel diseases\u2014aetiology,\n                    clinical implications and therapeutic perspectives","volume":"13","author":"D Skrzypczak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S186600","article-title":"Sarcopenia and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A bidirectional relationship","volume":"12","author":"J Mesinovic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0188650","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188650","article-title":"Relative muscle mass and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes: A cohort\n                    study","volume":"12","author":"S Hong","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2063179","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2063179","article-title":"Role of Oxidative Stress as Key Regulator of Muscle Wasting during Cachexia","volume":"2018","author":"J \u00c1brigo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E866","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00243.2018","article-title":"Intermuscular adipose tissue directly modulates skeletal muscle insulin\n                    sensitivity in humans","volume":"316","author":"S Sachs","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-020-01672-y","article-title":"Sarcopenia is associated with hypertension in older adults: A systematic review\n                    and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"T Bai","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.05.005","article-title":"The interaction of cardiorespiratory fitness with obesity and the obesity\n                    paradox in cardiovascular disease","volume":"60","author":"A A Oktay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109824","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/109824","article-title":"Sarcopenia Is Associated with High Pulse Pressure in Older Women","volume":"2015","author":"H J Coelho J\u00fanior","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Aging Res"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e86902","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086902","article-title":"Sarcopenia as a determinant of blood pressure in older Koreans: Findings from\n                    the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES)\n                    2008\u20132010","volume":"9","author":"K Han","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-019-0266-y","article-title":"The role of myokines and adipokines in hypertension and hypertension-related\n                    complications","volume":"42","author":"K Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.064071","article-title":"Sarcopenia and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":"147","author":"A A Damluji","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17108","article-title":"Clinical impact of compound sarcopenia in hospitalized older adult patients with\n                    heart failure","volume":"69","author":"A Attaway","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Geriatrics Soc"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.01.072","article-title":"Exercise Intolerance in Patients With Heart Failure","volume":"73","author":"M G Del Buono","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1304","article-title":"Comparison of sarcopenia and cachexia in men with chronic heart failure: Results\n                    from the Studies Investigating Co-morbidities Aggravating Heart Failure\n                    (SICA-HF)","volume":"20","author":"A Emami","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"ref63","first-page":"756","article-title":"Prevalence and prognostic implications of sarcopenia in older patients with\n                    coronary heart disease","volume":"16","author":"N Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Geriatr Cardiol"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8050712","article-title":"Prognostic impact of low skeletal muscle mass on major adverse cardiovascular\n                    events in coronary artery disease: A propensity score-matched analysis of a\n                    single center all-comer cohort","volume":"8","author":"D O Kang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref65","first-page":"1480","article-title":"Low skeletal muscle mass is associated with the presence, incidence, and\n                    progression of coronary artery calcification","volume":"37","author":"J E Jun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12587","article-title":"Sarcopenia and peripheral arterial disease: A systematic review","volume":"11","author":"M Pizzimenti","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.3400\/avd.oa.18-00167","article-title":"Sarcopenia as a possible negative predictor of limb salvage in patients with\n                    chronic limb-threatening ischemia","volume":"12","author":"R Taniguchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Dis"},{"key":"ref68","first-page":"157","article-title":"Differences and overlap between sarcopenia and physical frailty in older\n                    community-dwelling Japanese","volume":"28","author":"H Mori","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref69","first-page":"53","volume-title":"Frailty and Primary Sarcopenia: A Review. In: Pokorski M, ed. Clinical Research\n                    and Practice","author":"E Carmeli","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2016.01.013","article-title":"Common ground? The concordance of sarcopenia and frailty definitions","volume":"17","author":"E M Reijnierse","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2017.08.033","article-title":"Force-time characteristics during sustained maximal handgrip effort according to\n                    age and clinical condition","volume":"98","author":"L De Dobbeleer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2021.111440","article-title":"The interrelationship between grip work, self-perceived fatigue and pre-frailty\n                    in community-dwelling octogenarians","volume":"152","author":"V Knoop","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4300","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25084300","article-title":"Emerging Therapeutic Strategies in Sarcopenia: An Updated Review on Pathogenesis\n                    and Treatment Advances","volume":"25","author":"A Najm","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00061.2017","article-title":"Sarcopenia: Aging-Related Loss of Muscle Mass and Function","volume":"99","author":"L Larsson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2018.03.016","article-title":"Muscle strength and size are associated with motor unit connectivity in aged\n                    mice","volume":"67","author":"K A Sheth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-021-00510-2","article-title":"A neuromuscular perspective of sarcopenia pathogenesis: Deciphering the\n                    signaling pathways involved","volume":"44","author":"A Moreira-Pais","year":"2022","journal-title":"GeroScience"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s13395-016-0105-7","article-title":"VAChT overexpression increases acetylcholine at the synaptic cleft and\n                    accelerates aging of neuromuscular junctions","volume":"6","author":"S Sugita","year":"2016","journal-title":"Skelet Muscle"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-022-02706-5","article-title":"The role and therapeutic potential of stem cells in skeletal muscle in\n                    sarcopenia","volume":"13","author":"Z Cai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1800411","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.201800411","article-title":"Sarcopenia: Tilting the Balance of Protein Homeostasis","volume":"20","author":"K T Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-013-9432-9","article-title":"Signalling pathways regulating muscle mass in ageing skeletal muscle. The role\n                    of the IGF1-Akt-mTOR-FoxO pathway","volume":"14","author":"M Sandri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E469","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00204.2014","article-title":"Skeletal muscle atrophy and the E3 ubiquitin ligases MuRF1 and\n                    MAFbx\/atrogin-1","volume":"307","author":"S C Bodine","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289537","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1289537","article-title":"Ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in skeletal muscle atrophy","volume":"14","author":"X Pang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.11.012","article-title":"Anabolic resistance does not explain sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes\n                    mellitus, compared with healthy controls, despite reduced mTOR pathway\n                    activity","volume":"36","author":"D J Cuthbertson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/2044-5040-1-11","article-title":"Aging impairs contraction-induced human skeletal muscle mTORC1 signaling and\n                    protein synthesis","volume":"1","author":"C S Fry","year":"2011","journal-title":"Skelet Muscle"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.03.015","article-title":"Sustained activation of mTORC1 in skeletal muscle inhibits constitutive and\n                    starvation-induced autophagy and causes a severe, late-onset myopathy","volume":"17","author":"P Castets","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4510","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18140-1","article-title":"The neuromuscular junction is a focal point of mTORC1 signaling in\n                    sarcopenia","volume":"11","author":"D J Ham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-03236-y","article-title":"Association between sarcopenia and levels of growth hormone and insulin-like\n                    growth factor-1 in the elderly","volume":"21","author":"A Bian","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.180001","article-title":"Testosterone and sarcopenia","volume":"36","author":"M J Shin","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J Mens Health"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.7570\/jomes.2018.27.3.175","article-title":"Associations between sarcopenia and metabolic risk factors: A systematic review\n                    and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Y Du","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Obes Metab Syndr"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04369-z","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction: Roles in skeletal muscle atrophy","volume":"21","author":"X Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4617801","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4617801","article-title":"Changes in Redox Signaling in the Skeletal Muscle with Aging","volume":"2019","author":"P Szentesi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s41110-019-0097-2","article-title":"Sarcopenia: An overview and analysis of molecular mechanisms","volume":"44","author":"A Bottoni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrire"},{"key":"ref93","first-page":"22","article-title":"The pathogenetic bases of sarcopenia","volume":"12","author":"S L Budui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Cases Min Bone Metab"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10010031","article-title":"Mitochondrial impairment in sarcopenia","volume":"10","author":"F Bellanti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5236","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21155236","article-title":"Role of age-related mitochondrial dysfunction in sarcopenia","volume":"21","author":"E Ferri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.12965\/jer.1836268.134","article-title":"Role of exercise in age-related sarcopenia","volume":"14","author":"S-Z Yoo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Exerc Rehabil"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10051054","article-title":"Manifestations of age on autophagy, mitophagy and lysosomes in skeletal\n                    muscle","volume":"10","author":"M Triolo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8779","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.4550","article-title":"Exploring the Relationship Between Gut Microbiota and Sarcopenia Based on\n                    Gut\u2013Muscle Axis","volume":"12","author":"W Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12784","article-title":"Understanding the gut microbiota and sarcopenia: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"C Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.09.060","article-title":"Aging, frailty, and the microbiome\u2014how dysbiosis influences human aging and\n                    disease","volume":"160","author":"J P Haran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-017-0345-5","article-title":"Gut Microbiota Contribute to Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Size,\n                    Composition, and Function: Biological Basis for a Gut-Muscle Axis","volume":"102","author":"G J Grosicki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2021.09.005","article-title":"Interplay of gut microbiota and oxidative stress: Perspective on\n                    neurodegeneration and neuroprotection","volume":"38","author":"S Shandilya","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.021","article-title":"Muscle wasting: The gut microbiota as a new therapeutic target?","volume":"45","author":"L B Bindels","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Biol"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glx197","article-title":"Impact of age-related mitochondrial dysfunction and exercise on intestinal\n                    microbiota composition","volume":"73","author":"D Houghton","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-019-01170-1","article-title":"Malnutrition and sarcopenia","volume":"31","author":"C C Sieber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.25260","article-title":"Autophagy as a Potential Target for Sarcopenia","volume":"231","author":"J Fan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy214","article-title":"Protein supplementation improves muscle mass and physical performance in\n                    undernourished prefrail and frail elderly subjects: A randomized, double-blind,\n                    placebo-controlled trial","volume":"108","author":"Y Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.114.197517","article-title":"Dietary protein requirement of female adults >65 years determined by the\n                    indicator amino acid oxidation technique is higher than current\n                    recommendations","volume":"145","author":"M Rafii","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.115.225631","article-title":"Dietary protein requirement of men >65 years old determined by the indicator\n                    amino acid oxidation technique is higher than the current estimated average\n                    requirement","volume":"146","author":"M Rafii","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.05.021","article-title":"Evidence-based recommendations for optimal dietary protein intake in older\n                    people: A position paper from the PROT-AGE Study Group","volume":"14","author":"J Bauer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2014.07.005","article-title":"The role of dietary protein and vitamin D in maintaining musculoskeletal health\n                    in postmenopausal women: A consensus statement from the European Society for\n                    Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO)","volume":"79","author":"R Rizzoli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.01.024","article-title":"ESPEN practical guideline: Clinical nutrition and hydration in geriatrics","volume":"41","author":"D Volkert","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12483","article-title":"Sarcopenia: A Time for Action. An SCWD Position Paper","volume":"10","author":"J Bauer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155637","article-title":"Diet for the prevention and management of sarcopenia","volume":"146","author":"R Calvani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"afad018","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afad018","article-title":"Higher dietary protein intake is associated with sarcopenia in older British\n                    twins","volume":"52","author":"M Ni Lochlainn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Age Aging"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-023-00880-7","article-title":"Benefits and side effects of protein supplementation and exercise in sarcopenic\n                    obesity: A scoping review","volume":"22","author":"K J Cheah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.5770\/cgj.25.608","article-title":"Assessing the effects of dietary protein supplementation on sarcopenia in\n                    community-dwelling older adults","volume":"25","author":"V Hou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Can Geriatr J"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109789","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1109789","article-title":"The effects of nutritional supplementation on older sarcopenic individuals who\n                    engage in resistance training: A meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Z Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa201","article-title":"Impact of habituated dietary protein intake on fasting and postprandial\n                    whole-body protein turnover and splanchnic amino acid metabolism in elderly men:\n                    A randomized, controlled, crossover trial","volume":"112","author":"G H\u00f8jfeldt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4307","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-021-02590-4","article-title":"Postprandial muscle protein synthesis rate is unaffected by 20-day habituation\n                    to a high protein intake: A randomized controlled, crossover trial","volume":"60","author":"G H\u00f8jfeldt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2021.0094","article-title":"mTOR1c Activation with the Leucine \u201cTrigger\u201d for Prevention of Sarcopenia in\n                    Older Adults During Lockdown","volume":"25","author":"K Mai","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Med Food"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685165","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.685165","article-title":"Evaluating the leucine trigger hypothesis to explain the post-prandial\n                    regulation of muscle protein synthesis in young and older adults: A systematic\n                    review","volume":"8","author":"G Zaromskyte","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa323","article-title":"Dietary leucine requirement of older men and women is higher than current\n                    recommendations","volume":"113","author":"S Szwiega","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1159\/000514236","article-title":"Effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation on elderly body\n                    composition and muscle strength: A review of clinical trials","volume":"77","author":"N A Costa Riela","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13030","article-title":"An umbrella review of systematic reviews of \u03b2-hydroxy-\u03b2-methyl butyrate\n                    supplementation in ageing and clinical practice","volume":"13","author":"S M Phillips","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-017-0173-z","article-title":"International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: Safety and efficacy of\n                    creatine supplementation in exercise, sport, and medicine","volume":"14","author":"R B Kreider","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Int Soc Sport Nutr"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2022.116467","article-title":"Creatine supplementation for older adults: Focus on sarcopenia, osteoporosis,\n                    frailty and Cachexia","volume":"162","author":"D G Candow","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2023.04.021","article-title":"Vitamin D Supplementation and Muscle Power, Strength and Physical Performance in\n                    Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"117","author":"D K Houston","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12976","article-title":"Effect of vitamin D monotherapy on indices of sarcopenia in community-dwelling\n                    older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"K Prokopidis","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3613","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15163613","article-title":"Potential of fatty acids in treating sarcopenia: A systematic review","volume":"15","author":"T Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2021.10.011","article-title":"The effect of long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on muscle mass and\n                    function in sarcopenia: A scoping systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"J K Bird","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPEN"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14112221","article-title":"Effects of omega-3 supplementation alone and combined with resistance exercise\n                    on skeletal muscle in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"S M Cornish","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738083","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.738083","article-title":"Relationship between dietary omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids\n                    level and sarcopenia. A meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"8","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4060","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14194060","article-title":"Association between plasma omega-3 and handgrip strength according to\n                    glycohemoglobin levels in older adults: results from NHANES 2011\u20132012","volume":"14","author":"R Batista","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24441","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.103987","article-title":"Caloric restriction: Implications for sarcopenia and potential mechanisms","volume":"12","author":"W Q Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5160","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-04896-y","article-title":"The effect of calorie restriction on mouse skeletal muscle is sex, strain and\n                    time-dependent","volume":"7","author":"L Boldrin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.12.042","article-title":"Long-term calorie restriction enhances cellular quality-control processes in\n                    human skeletal muscle","volume":"14","author":"L Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cels.2019.12.002","article-title":"Molecular and functional networks linked to sarcopenia prevention by caloric\n                    restriction in rhesus monkeys","volume":"10","author":"T W Rhoads","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Syst"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.09.024","article-title":"Dietary restriction and AMPK increase lifespan via mitochondrial network and\n                    peroxisome remodeling","volume":"26","author":"H J Weir","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13171","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.13171","article-title":"Suppressed sympathetic outflow to skeletal muscle, muscle thermogenesis, and\n                    activity energy expenditure with calorie restriction","volume":"5","author":"T I Almundarij","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol Rep"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3066","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16183066","article-title":"Synergistic Effects of Time-Restricted Feeding and Resistance Training on Body\n                    Composition and Metabolic Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"16","author":"Y Ho","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3007","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16173007","article-title":"Effects of Different Exercises Combined with Different Dietary Interventions on\n                    Body Composition: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis","volume":"16","author":"Y Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2014.04.007","article-title":"Protein intake and exercise for optimal muscle function with aging:\n                    Recommendations from the ESPEN Expert Group","volume":"33","author":"N E Deutz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-020-04354-0","article-title":"Caloric restriction induces anabolic resistance to resistance exercise","volume":"120","author":"C Murphy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15728","article-title":"Changes in lean body mass with glucagon-like peptide -1-based therapies and\n                    mitigation strategies","volume":"26 Suppl 4","author":"I J Neeland","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"nzac001","DOI":"10.1093\/cdn\/nzac001","article-title":"Dietary patterns and the risk of sarcopenia: A systematic review and\n                    meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"M E Van Elswyk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Dev Nutr"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114521005043","article-title":"Diet Quality Index for older adults (DQI-65): Development and use in predicting\n                    adherence to dietary recommendations and health markers in the UK National Diet\n                    and Nutrition Survey","volume":"128","author":"N Dorrington","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-023-03734-3","article-title":"Relationship between healthy eating index and sarcopenia in elderly people","volume":"23","author":"S M Ghoreishy","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3224","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15143224","article-title":"The influence of the Mediterranean dietary pattern on osteoporosis and\n                    sarcopenia","volume":"15","author":"M C Andreo-L\u00f3pez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12010035","article-title":"The mediterranean diet slows down the progression of aging and helps to prevent\n                    the onset of frailty: A narrative review","volume":"12","author":"C Capurso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030706","article-title":"Fruit and vegetable consumption and sarcopenia among older adults in low-and\n                    middle-income countries","volume":"12","author":"A Koyanagi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15051104","article-title":"Mediterranean diet and sarcopenia features in apparently healthy adults over 65\n                    years: A systematic review","volume":"15","author":"S K Papadopoulou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-023-03938-7","article-title":"The association of dietary inflammatory potential with sarcopenia in Chinese\n                    community-dwelling older adults","volume":"23","author":"D Bian","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2022.09.008","article-title":"A pro-inflammatory diet increases the risk of sarcopenia components and\n                    inflammatory biomarkers in postmenopausal women","volume":"107","author":"M Jin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutr Res"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.33879\/AMH.122.2020.08028","article-title":"Poor sleep quality correlated negatively with physical activity level and\n                    nutritional status in older adults living in nursing homes","volume":"12","author":"M Kushkestani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging Med Healthc"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.6018\/sportk.464401","article-title":"The role of exercise and physical activity on aging-related diseases and\n                    geriatric syndromes","volume":"11","author":"M Kushkestani","year":"2022","journal-title":"SPORT TK"},{"key":"ref157","first-page":"1","article-title":"Physical activity as a preventive factor to aging-related physical dysfunction\n                    in Iranian community-dwelling elderly","volume":"8","author":"M Kushkestani","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Aging Sci"},{"key":"ref158","first-page":"56","article-title":"The evaluation of differences on geriatric syndromes between active and\n                    sedentary elderly","volume":"8","author":"M Kushkestani","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2174\/1874434602014010159","article-title":"The physical activity and fall risk among Iranian older male adults","volume":"14","author":"M Kushkestani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open Nurs J"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7327","DOI":"10.26717\/BJSTR.2020.29.004800","article-title":"The relationship between the level of physical activity and dementia in elderly\n                    residents of nursing homes in Tehran","volume":"29","author":"M Kushkestani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed J Sci Tech Res"},{"key":"ref161","first-page":"46","article-title":"Relationship between the level of physical activity and nutritional status with\n                    fatigue in elderly residents of rest homes in Tehran","volume":"12","author":"B TARTIBIAN","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging Med Healthc"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e32","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(22)00464-8","article-title":"The cost of inaction on physical inactivity to public health-care systems: A\n                    population-attributable fraction analysis","volume":"11","author":"A C Santos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S132940","article-title":"Relationship between sarcopenia and physical activity in older people: A\n                    systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"M Steffl","year":"2017","journal-title":"ClInterventions Aging"},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.297.16.1772-b","article-title":"Effect of 10 days of bed rest on skeletal muscle in healthy older adults","volume":"297","author":"P Kortebein","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-015-9613-9","article-title":"A reduced activity model: A relevant tool for the study of ageing muscle","volume":"17","author":"O Perkin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-8-80","article-title":"How many steps\/day are enough? For older adults and special populations","volume":"8","author":"C Tudor-Locke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"key":"ref167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2604","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1502","article-title":"Two weeks of reduced activity decreases leg lean mass and induces \u201canabolic\n                    resistance\u201d of myofibrillar protein synthesis in healthy elderly","volume":"98","author":"L Breen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrin Metab"},{"key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00452.2009","article-title":"Alterations of protein turnover underlying disuse atrophy in human skeletal\n                    muscle","volume":"107","author":"S M Phillips","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"ref169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glx203","article-title":"Failed recovery of glycemic control and myofibrillar protein synthesis with 2 wk\n                    of physical inactivity in overweight, prediabetic older adults","volume":"73","author":"C McGlory","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2387","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.5616","article-title":"Effect of structured physical activity on prevention of major mobility\n                    disability in older adults: The LIFE study randomized clinical trial","volume":"311","author":"M Pahor","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e068788","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-068788","article-title":"Multicomponent intervention to prevent mobility disability in frail older\n                    adults: Randomised controlled trial (SPRINTT project)","volume":"377","author":"R Bernabei","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-024-00849-x","article-title":"The effects of TRX suspension training on sarcopenic biomarkers and functional\n                    abilities in elderlies with sarcopenia: A controlled clinical trial","volume":"16","author":"S Rezaei","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil"},{"key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13137","article-title":"MicroRNA profiling of different exercise interventions for alleviating skeletal\n                    muscle atrophy in naturally aging rats","volume":"14","author":"J Liang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.102048","article-title":"Does exercise influence skeletal muscle by modulating mitochondrial functions\n                    via regulating MicroRNAs? A systematic review","volume":"91","author":"Y-F Long","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"ref175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.2174\/1389203717666161227144349","article-title":"Nutrition and exercise in sarcopenia","volume":"19","author":"S D Anton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Prot Pept Sci"},{"key":"ref176","first-page":"148","article-title":"Impact of hypertension and physical fitness on SARS-COV-2 and related\n                    consequences.(Possible mechanisms with focusing on ACE2)","volume":"13","author":"M Kushkestani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Casp J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref177","first-page":"22429","article-title":"Physical activity is a preventive factor against SARS-CoV-2 in healthy subjects\n                    (possible cellular and molecular mechanisms)","volume":"29","author":"M Kushkestani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed J Sci Tech Res"},{"key":"ref178","first-page":"189","article-title":"The effect of 12-week endurance training on lipid profiles and fat percentage of\n                    overweight girls","volume":"1","author":"B Tartibian","year":"2019","journal-title":"New Approaches Sport Sci"},{"key":"ref179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16071070","article-title":"Effects of Exercise on Gut Microbiota of Adults: A Systematic Review and\n                    Meta-Analysis","volume":"16","author":"L Min","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2022.09.002","article-title":"Unlocking a novel determinant of athletic performance: The role of the gut\n                    microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, and \u201cbiotics\u201d in exercise","volume":"12","author":"K M Sales","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Sport Health Sci"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1418778","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1418778","article-title":"Gut-muscle axis mechanism of exercise prevention of sarcopenia","volume":"11","author":"T Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"ref182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097608","article-title":"A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of the effect of protein\n                    supplementation on resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass and strength\n                    in healthy adults","volume":"52","author":"R W Morton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brit J Sport Med"},{"key":"ref183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0450-4","article-title":"Intramuscular Anabolic Signaling and Endocrine Response Following Resistance\n                    Exercise: Implications for Muscle Hypertrophy","volume":"46","author":"A M Gonzalez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"ref184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00406","article-title":"The effect of changing the contraction mode during resistance training on mTORC1\n                    signaling and muscle protein synthesis","volume":"10","author":"S Ato","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"ref185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2017.00167","article-title":"Biochemical pathways of sarcopenia and their modulation by physical exercise: A\n                    narrative review","volume":"4","author":"M M Ziaaldini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"ref186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1159\/000356740","article-title":"Myostatin and sarcopenia: Opportunities and challenges-a mini-review","volume":"60","author":"T A White","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"ref187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpvm.IJPVM_310_17","article-title":"Skeletal muscle hypertrophy, insulin-like growth factor 1, myostatin and\n                    follistatin in healthy and sarcopenic elderly men: The effect of whole-body\n                    resistance training","volume":"10","author":"R Negaresh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"key":"ref188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-019-1196-8","article-title":"Exercise interventions for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. A\n                    systematic umbrella review","volume":"23","author":"D Beckw\u00e9e","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"ref189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01883","article-title":"Mitochondria as a target for mitigating sarcopenia","volume":"9","author":"P M Coen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"ref190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-013-9583-2","article-title":"Satellite cells in human skeletal muscle; from birth to old age","volume":"36","author":"L B Verdijk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Age (Dordrecht, Neth)"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.07.061","article-title":"Autophagy impairment in muscle induces neuromuscular junction degeneration and\n                    precocious aging","volume":"8","author":"S Carnio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"ref192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s12576-017-0531-2","article-title":"Long-term resistance exercise-induced muscular hypertrophy is associated with\n                    autophagy modulation in rats","volume":"68","author":"I Kwon","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Physiol Sci"},{"key":"ref193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101167","article-title":"Impact of resistance training on the autophagy-inflammation-apoptosis crosstalk\n                    in elderly subjects","volume":"9","author":"Y Mej\u00edas-Pe\u00f1a","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"ref194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2022.06.003","article-title":"Regulation of mitochondrial dynamic equilibrium by physical exercise in\n                    Sarcopenia: A systematic review","volume":"35","author":"Y-F Long","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Orthopaedic Translation"},{"key":"ref195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C228","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00266.2014","article-title":"Effect of denervation on the regulation of mitochondrial transcription factor A\n                    expression in skeletal muscle","volume":"309","author":"L D Tryon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"ref196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imr.2016.05.003","article-title":"Function of specialized regulatory proteins and signaling pathways in\n                    exercise-induced muscle mitochondrial biogenesis","volume":"5","author":"A T Erlich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Integr Med Res"},{"key":"ref197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glt107","article-title":"Markers of human skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and quality control:\n                    Effects of age and aerobic exercise training","volume":"69","author":"A R Konopka","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"ref198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21340","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202002394R","article-title":"Moderate aerobic exercise training ameliorates impairment of mitochondrial\n                    function and dynamics in skeletal muscle of high-fat diet-induced obese\n                    mice","volume":"35","author":"J W Heo","year":"2021","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"ref199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2019.1012","article-title":"Exercise programs for muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance in\n                    older adults with sarcopenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"W Bao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"ref200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2019.52.1.292","article-title":"Sarcopenia targeting with autophagy mechanism by exercise","volume":"52","author":"S S Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMB Rep"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000237","article-title":"Autophagy and protein turnover signaling in slow-twitch muscle during\n                    exercise","volume":"46","author":"A F Pagano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Sci Sport Exerc"},{"key":"ref202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.11.016","article-title":"Satellite cell activation induced by aerobic muscle adaptation in response to\n                    endurance exercise in humans and rodents","volume":"170","author":"P Abreu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"ref203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7218102","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7218102","article-title":"Effects of a 12-Week Exercise Training Program on Physical Function in\n                    Institutionalized Frail Elderly","volume":"2018","author":"C B Ferreira","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Aging Res"},{"key":"ref204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13225","article-title":"Exercise for sarcopenia in older people: A systematic review and network\n                    meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Y Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-020-1431-3","article-title":"The effects of concurrent training order on satellite cell-related markers, body\n                    composition, muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness in older men with\n                    sarcopenia","volume":"24","author":"B H Moghadam","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"ref206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy179","article-title":"Effects of exercise and nutrition supplementation in community-dwelling older\n                    Chinese people with sarcopenia: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"48","author":"L-Y Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Age Aging"},{"key":"ref207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-020-01041-3","article-title":"Evidence on physical activity and falls prevention for people aged 65+ years:\n                    Systematic review to inform the WHO guidelines on physical activity and\n                    sedentary behaviour","volume":"17","author":"C Sherrington","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"key":"ref208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18756","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-75872-2","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of resistance and balance exercise for sarcopenic\n                    patients aged 80\u201399 years","volume":"10","author":"Y Liang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"S 02","key":"ref209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii7","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afl077","article-title":"Postural orientation and equilibrium: what do we need to know about neural\n                    control of balance to prevent falls?","volume":"35","author":"F B Horak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Age Aging"},{"key":"ref210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-022-00693-7","article-title":"A review of the components of exercise prescription for sarcopenic older\n                    adults","volume":"13","author":"P Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Geriatr Med"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9051386","article-title":"Effects of a multicomponent exercise program in physical function and muscle\n                    mass in sarcopenic\/pre-sarcopenic adults","volume":"9","author":"H Makizako","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare12121191","article-title":"Effects of a Multicomponent Preventive Intervention in Women at Risk of\n                    Sarcopenia: A Pilot Study","volume":"12","author":"V Rios-Escalante","year":"2024","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"ref213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S462594","article-title":"Combined Nutrition with Exercise: Fueling the Fight Against Sarcopenia Through a\n                    Bibliometric Analysis and Review","volume":"17","author":"Y Zeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"ref214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-017-3980-9","article-title":"Nutrition and physical activity in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia:\n                    Systematic review","volume":"28","author":"C Beaudart","year":"2017","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"ref215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11091991","article-title":"Efficacy of Nutritional Interventions as Stand-Alone or Synergistic Treatments\n                    with Exercise for the Management of Sarcopenia","volume":"11","author":"S Damanti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref216","first-page":"159","article-title":"Effects of physical exercise in sarcopenia. A systematic review","volume":"68","author":"D E Barajas-Galindo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr (Engl Ed)"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2577-2577.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T22:52:01Z","timestamp":1758667921000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2577-2577"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]]},"references-count":216,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2577-2577","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0172-4622","1439-3964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0172-4622","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-3964","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]]}}}