{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T06:38:48Z","timestamp":1773729528134,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":192,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Endoscopy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Quality markers and patient experience should be implemented to ensure standardization of practice across upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy procedures. The set benchmarks ensure high quality procedures are delivered and linked to measurable outcomes. In 2016, the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE), via its Quality Improvement Committee\u2019s UGI Working Group, set a first list of performance measures, including major (key) and minor performance indicators. This paper provides an update on those performance measures, considering the latest literature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Patients referred for a UGI endoscopy should have an appropriate indication and be fasting for \u2265\u200a2 hours for liquids and \u2265\u200a6 hours for solids.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>For a diagnostic UGI endoscopy, patients should have an allocated time slot of \u2265\u200a20 minutes; adequate reporting should include a mucosal visibility score according to one of the available standardized and validated scales; adequate photodocumentation should include relevant normal anatomical landmarks and all abnormal findings; adequate inspection should include the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, and should last \u2265\u200a7 minutes from intubation to extubation; adequate terminology should include the description of any abnormal finding according to the available standardized and validated classifications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>For patients with nondysplastic Barrett\u2019s esophagus (BE) undergoing surveillance UGI endoscopy, an adequate inspection should take \u2265\u200a1 minute\/cm of circumferential extent of Barrett\u2019s epithelium and include the use of chromoendoscopy (acetic acid and\/or virtual); biopsies should be taken according to the Seattle protocol.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Adequate inspection for a diagnostic UGI endoscopy in patients with a history of ear, nose, and throat, or lung tumors treated with curative intent should include the use of virtual chromoendoscopy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Adequate diagnostic UGI endoscopy for patients evaluated for their risk of gastric cancer should include biopsies taken according to the ESGE management of precancerous conditions and lesions in the stomach (MAPS) guideline.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Adequate safety after a therapeutic UGI endoscopy should be assessed by monitoring the incidence of complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Patients undergoing a diagnostic UGI endoscopy should have their experience measured using a validated scale, to promote a patient-centered and quality-driven environment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Patients with nondysplastic BE or gastric precancerous conditions in an endoscopic surveillance program should be monitored for guideline interval adherence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2674-4912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T22:59:36Z","timestamp":1757631576000},"page":"1268-1297","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Performance measures for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: a European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Quality Improvement Initiative \u2013 Update 2025"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9787-8175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Areia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Coimbra (IPO Coimbra), Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"RISE@CI-IPO (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2242-5048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine Department, Sant\u2019Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1447-224X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Leclercq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Leuven, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5369-8161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Roma\u0144czyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Academy of Silesia, Katowice, Poland"},{"name":"Endoterapia, H-T. Centrum Medyczne, Tychy, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0596-2589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jasmin","family":"Zessner-Spitzenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Internal Medicine III Department, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5798-5491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro G.","family":"Delgado Guillena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Hospital de M\u00e9rida, Badajoz, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3078-9797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashraf","family":"Monged","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Royal Stoke University Hospital, University Hospitals of North Midlands (UHNM), Stoke-on-Trent, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0029-9885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raul","family":"Honrubia L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sof\u00eda, San Sebasti\u00e1n de los Reyes, Spain"},{"name":"Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine Health and Sports, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8411-4993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"Uchima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain"},{"name":"Teknon Medical Center, Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7428-6038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo J.","family":"Ruiz Ballesteros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Department, Hospital \u00c1ngeles Puebla, Puebla, Mexico"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6931-2171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alba","family":"Panarese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Division, Medical Sciences Department, Central Hospital Azienda Ospedaliera, Taranto, Italy"},{"name":"University of Bari Aldo Moro, Taranto, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7002-2529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lix Alfredo","family":"Reis de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Endoscopic Center (CEA), Campinas, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5937-4240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shimaa","family":"Afify","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, National Hepatology And Tropical Medicine Research Institute (NHTMRI), Cairo, Egypt"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9994-8226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raf","family":"Bisschops","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Leuven, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7231-2164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Ferlitsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Internal Medicine III Department, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine with Gastroenterology and Geriatrics, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna, Austria"}]},{"name":"External Voting Panel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-113128","article-title":"Performance measures for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: a European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Quality Improvement Initiative","volume":"48","author":"R Bisschops","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD","article-title":"GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations","volume":"336","author":"G H Guyatt","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1312-6389","article-title":"Overcoming the barriers to dissemination and implementation of quality measures for gastrointestinal endoscopy: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and United European Gastroenterology (UEG) position statement","volume":"53","author":"R Bisschops","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2014.07.057","article-title":"Quality indicators for EGD","volume":"81","author":"W G Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2176-2440","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of Barrett esophagus: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline","volume":"55","author":"B Weusten","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1939-4887","article-title":"Endoscopic diagnosis and management of esophagogastric variceal hemorrhage: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline","volume":"54","author":"I M Gralnek","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1611-5091","article-title":"Endoscopic tissue sampling \u2013 Part 1: Upper gastrointestinal and hepatopancreatobiliary tracts. European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline","volume":"53","author":"R E Pouw","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1369-5274","article-title":"Endoscopic diagnosis and management of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (NVUGIH): European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline \u2013 Update 2021","volume":"53","author":"I M Gralnek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1171-3174","article-title":"Endoscopic management of gastrointestinal motility disorders \u2013 part 2: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline","volume":"52","author":"B Weusten","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2024.08.023","article-title":"Quality indicators for upper GI endoscopy","volume":"101","author":"R Yadlapati","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2529-5025","article-title":"Management of epithelial precancerous conditions and early neoplasia of the stomach (MAPS III): European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE), European Helicobacter and Microbiota Study Group (EHMSG) and European Society of Pathology (ESP) Guideline update 2025","volume":"57","author":"M Dinis-Ribeiro","year":"2025","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-327737","article-title":"British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines on the management of functional dyspepsia","volume":"71","author":"C J Black","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjy113","article-title":"ECCO-ESGAR Guideline for Diagnostic Assessment in IBD Part 1: Initial diagnosis, monitoring of known IBD, detection of complications","volume":"13","author":"C Maaser","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.4253\/wjge.v10.i10.274","article-title":"Role of endoscopy in caustic injury of the esophagus","volume":"10","author":"A Methasate","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.02.043","article-title":"AGA Technical Review on intragastric balloons in the management of obesity","volume":"160","author":"R Shah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10018-1187","article-title":"Appropriateness of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: will the diagnostic yield improve by the use of American Society of Gastroenterology guidelines?","volume":"6","author":"M Tahir","year":"2016","journal-title":"Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1137-4721","article-title":"Digestive findings that do not require endoscopic surveillance \u2013 Reducing the burden of care: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Position Statement","volume":"52","author":"E Rodriguez-de-Santiago","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2111-5935","article-title":"Endoscopic screening of the upper gastrointestinal tract for second primary tumors in patients with head and neck cancer in a Western country","volume":"55","author":"L van Tilburg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1811-7025","article-title":"Endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial gastrointestinal lesions: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline \u2013 Update 2022","volume":"54","author":"P Pimentel-Nunes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1751-5742","article-title":"Endoscopic management of subepithelial lesions including neuroendocrine neoplasms: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline","volume":"54","author":"P H Deprez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1475-0063","article-title":"Esophageal stenting for benign and malignant disease: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline \u2013 Update 2021","volume":"53","author":"M CW Spaander","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1303-7449","article-title":"Endoscopic management of enteral tubes in adult patients \u2013 Part 1: Definitions and indications. European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline","volume":"53","author":"M Arvanitakis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1222-3191","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of iatrogenic endoscopic perforations: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Position Statement \u2013 Update 2020","volume":"52","author":"G A Paspatis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1160-5549","article-title":"Endoscopic management of gastrointestinal motility disorders \u2013 part 1: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline","volume":"52","author":"B Weusten","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-100456","article-title":"Removal of foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract in adults: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Clinical Guideline","volume":"48","author":"M Birk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002777","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists increase solid gastric residue rates on upper endoscopy especially in patients with complicated diabetes: a case-control study","volume":"119","author":"K Garza","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl220170","article-title":"Four-hour fasting for semifluids and 2-hour fasting for water improves the patient experience of esophagogastroduodenoscopy: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"M X Cai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-314109","article-title":"Quality standards in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: a position statement of the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) and Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland (AUGIS)","volume":"66","author":"S Beg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"389","article-title":"AEG-SEED position paper for the resumption of endoscopic activity after the peak phase of the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"43","author":"J C Marin-Gabriel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2022.06.028","article-title":"Quality performance measures in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for lesion detection: Italian AIGO-SIED-SIGE joint position statement","volume":"54","author":"V De Francesco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.5946\/ce.2016.084","article-title":"How to improve the quality of screening endoscopy in Korea: National Endoscopy Quality Improvement Program","volume":"49","author":"Y K Cho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Endosc"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-317111","article-title":"An Asian consensus on standards of diagnostic upper endoscopy for neoplasia","volume":"68","author":"P WY Chiu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.10.034","article-title":"AGA clinical practice update on high-quality upper endoscopy: Expert Review","volume":"22","author":"S Nagula","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-103411","article-title":"Performance measures for lower gastrointestinal endoscopy: a European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Quality Improvement Initiative","volume":"49","author":"M F Kaminski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-100186","article-title":"Requirements and standards facilitating quality improvement for reporting systems in gastrointestinal endoscopy: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Position Statement","volume":"48","author":"M Bretthauer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1695-3244","article-title":"Guidance for the implementation of a safety checklist for gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and European Society of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Nurses and Associates (ESGENA) Position Statement","volume":"54","author":"I M Gralnek","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2133-3365","article-title":"Informed consent for endoscopic procedures: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Position Statement","volume":"55","author":"S M Everett","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2014.12.024","article-title":"Factors that affect visibility during endoscopic hemostasis for upper GI bleeding: a prospective study","volume":"81","author":"S Jung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1197","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-117631","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of pre-procedure simethicone and N-acetylcysteine to improve mucosal visibility during gastroscopy \u2013 NICEVIS","volume":"4","author":"P J Basford","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endosc Int Open"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.4292\/wjgpt.v7.i4.572","article-title":"Efficacy of small-volume simethicone given at least 30 min before gastroscopy","volume":"7","author":"M Song","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"139","article-title":"Premedication with simethicone and N-acetylcysteine in improving visibility during upper endoscopy: a double-blind randomized trial","volume":"49","author":"L Elvas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.21037\/tgh.2018.05.02","article-title":"Improving the mucosal visualization at gastroscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials reporting the role of Simethicone +\/- N-acetylcysteine","volume":"3","author":"M S Sajid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.4103\/sjg.SJG_538_18","article-title":"The effect of using simethicone with or without N-acetylcysteine before gastroscopy: A meta-analysis and systemic review","volume":"25","author":"Y Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Saudi J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"1570121","article-title":"Does premedication with mucolytic agents improve mucosal visualization during oesophagogastroduodenoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2021","author":"E Burke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surg Res Pract"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E190","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1315-0114","article-title":"Premedication with simethicone and N-acetylcysteine for improving mucosal visibility during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in a Western population","volume":"9","author":"G Manfredi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endosc Int Open"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1865-4180","article-title":"The Toronto Upper Gastrointestinal Cleaning Score: a prospective validation study","volume":"55","author":"R Khan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastrohep.2023.05.011","article-title":"Applicability of the Barcelona scale to assess the quality of cleanliness of mucosa at esophagogastroduodenoscopy","volume":"47","author":"H Cordova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15662","article-title":"Scoring system assessing mucosal visibility of upper gastrointestinal tract: The POLPREP scale","volume":"37","author":"M Romanczyk","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2024.01.012","article-title":"The prospective validation of a scoring system to assess mucosal cleanliness during EGD","volume":"100","author":"M Romanczyk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00786","DOI":"10.14309\/ctg.0000000000000786","article-title":"International validation of a novel PEACE scale to improve the quality of upper gastrointestinal mucosal inspection during endoscopy","volume":"16","author":"M Romanczyk","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Transl Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2422-0856","article-title":"The Gastroscopy RAte of Cleanliness Evaluation (GRACE) Scale: an international reliability and validation study","volume":"57","author":"G Esposito","year":"2025","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1111\/den.13684","article-title":"Guidelines for endoscopic diagnosis of early gastric cancer","volume":"32","author":"K Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dig Endosc"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2086","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14757","article-title":"Simethicone use during gastrointestinal endoscopy: Position statement of the Gastroenterological Society of Australia","volume":"34","author":"B M Devereaux","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"172","article-title":"Effect of pre-endoscopy intake of simethicone solution on endoscopic mucosal visibility: A single blinded, placebo control, randomized trial","volume":"36","author":"B F Zuberi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-021-01623-w","article-title":"Premedication with reformulated simethicone and sodium bicarbonate improves mucosal visibility during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: a double-blind, multicenter, randomized controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"X Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-020-07397-8","article-title":"A prospective randomized controlled trial comparing simethicone, N-acetylcysteine, sodium bicarbonate and peppermint for visualization in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy","volume":"35","author":"P Mahawongkajit","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1343","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1922-7773","article-title":"Premedication with simethicone for improving the quality of gastric mucosal visualization: a double-blind randomized controlled trial","volume":"10","author":"L Duez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endosc Int Open"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E585","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1782-2003","article-title":"Simethicone and N-acetyl cysteine combination as premedication before esophagogastroduodenoscopy: Double-blind randomized controlled trial","volume":"10","author":"V Krishnamurthy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endosc Int Open"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000002559","article-title":"Administration of maximum dose of mucolytic solution before upper endoscopy \u2013 a double-blind, randomized trial","volume":"35","author":"M Stepan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-023-01459-0","article-title":"Pre-medication with simethicone and N-acetyl cysteine for improving mucosal visibility during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"43","author":"Z Nabi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Indian J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00625","DOI":"10.14309\/ctg.0000000000000625","article-title":"The effect of using premedication of simethicone\/pronase with or without postural change on visualization of the mucosa before endoscopy: a prospective, double blinded, randomized controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"L Cao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Transl Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-021-05527-8","article-title":"Simethicone administration improves gastric cleanness for esophagogastroduodenoscopy: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"22","author":"X Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E992","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2157-5034","article-title":"Optimal timing of simethicone administration prior to upper endoscopy: A multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"I N Beaufort","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endosc Int Open"},{"key":"ref64","first-page":"10","article-title":"Prospective cohort study to evaluate premedication with simethicone and n-acetilcysteine for upper diagnostic gastrointestinal endoscopy","volume":"115","author":"E Fuentes-Valenzuela","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev Esp Enferm Dig"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.5507\/bp.2021.038","article-title":"Administration of mucolytic solution before upper endoscopy - double-blind, monocentric, randomized study","volume":"167","author":"M Stepan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3548","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-018-6077-4","article-title":"Effect of premedication on lesion detection rate and visualization of the mucosa during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: a multicenter large sample randomized controlled double-blind study","volume":"32","author":"X Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/den.12952","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of using premedication with simethicone\/Pronase during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy examination with sedation: A single center, prospective, single blinded, randomized controlled trial","volume":"30","author":"L Y Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dig Endosc"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.5946\/ce.2018.075","article-title":"Revision of quality indicators for the endoscopy quality improvement program of the national cancer screening program in Korea","volume":"51","author":"J K Min","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Endosc"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.5946\/ce.2022.094","article-title":"Quality indicators in esophagogastroduodenoscopy","volume":"55","author":"S Y Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Endosc"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1111\/den.13530","article-title":"Principles and practice to facilitate complete photodocumentation of the upper gastrointestinal tract: World Endoscopy Organization position statement","volume":"32","author":"F Emura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dig Endosc"},{"key":"ref71","first-page":"11","article-title":"The endoscopic diagnosis of early gastric cancer","volume":"26","author":"K Yao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2652-8941","article-title":"STAndardization of Reports \u2013 The STAR project \u2013 Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: A European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Quality Improvement Initiative","author":"G Esposito","year":"2025","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2014.07.059","article-title":"Longer examination time improves detection of gastric cancer during diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy","volume":"13","author":"J L Teh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1111\/den.12804","article-title":"Examination time as a quality indicator of screening upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for asymptomatic examinees","volume":"29","author":"T Kawamura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dig Endosc"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1190","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0655-7382","article-title":"Differences in upper gastrointestinal neoplasm detection rates based on inspection time and esophagogastroduodenoscopy training","volume":"6","author":"S Yoshimizu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endosc Int Open"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00612","DOI":"10.14309\/ctg.0000000000000612","article-title":"Setting 6-minute minimal examination time improves the detection of focal upper gastrointestinal tract lesions during endoscopy: a multicenter prospective study","volume":"14","author":"Y Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Transl Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000002385","article-title":"The relation of esophagogastroduodenoscopy time and novel upper gastrointestinal quality measures","volume":"34","author":"M Romanczyk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.05.009","article-title":"Longer observation time increases proportion of neoplasms detected by esophagogastroduodenoscopy","volume":"153","author":"J M Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2020.09.002","article-title":"Implementation effect of institutional policy of EGD observation time on neoplasm detection","volume":"93","author":"J M Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e223827","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.3827","article-title":"Assessment of cimetropium bromide use for the detection of gastric neoplasms during esophagogastroduodenoscopy","volume":"5","author":"S Y Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"goad039","DOI":"10.1093\/gastro\/goad039","article-title":"Clinical features of gastric adenoma detected within 3 years after negative screening endoscopy in Korea","volume":"11","author":"H Y Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf)"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.5946\/ce.2019.203","article-title":"Quality indicators for the detection of Helicobacter pylori-negative early gastric cancer: a retrospective observational study","volume":"53","author":"F Ishibashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Endosc"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.08.027","article-title":"Interval advanced gastric cancer after negative endoscopy","volume":"21","author":"T J Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1159\/000528977","article-title":"Quality standards in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: can deep sedation influence it?","volume":"31","author":"C Correia","year":"2024","journal-title":"GE Port J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-945195","article-title":"The effect of sedation on the quality of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: an investigator-blinded, randomized study comparing propofol with midazolam","volume":"39","author":"A Meining","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2018.06.004","article-title":"Adherence to quality indicators in endoscopic surveillance of Barrett's esophagus and correlation to dysplasia detection rates","volume":"42","author":"A Antony","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.45.2.172","article-title":"Endoscopic assessment of oesophagitis: clinical and functional correlates and further validation of the Los Angeles classification","volume":"45","author":"L R Lundell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"S 05","key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2004.02132.x","article-title":"Review article: towards consistency in the endoscopic diagnosis of Barrett's oesophagus and columnar metaplasia","volume":"20","author":"D Armstrong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)91770-X","article-title":"Endoscopy in gastrointestinal bleeding","volume":"2","author":"J A Forrest","year":"1974","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(03)02159-X","article-title":"The Paris endoscopic classification of superficial neoplastic lesions: esophagus, stomach, and colon: November 30 to December 1, 2002","volume":"58","author":"[Anonymous]","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.12.022","article-title":"Baveno VII \u2013 Renewing consensus in portal hypertension","volume":"76","author":"R de Franchis","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840160607","article-title":"Prevalence, classification and natural history of gastric varices: a long-term follow-up study in 568 portal hypertension patients","volume":"16","author":"S K Sarin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(91)70678-0","article-title":"The role of fiberoptic endoscopy in the management of corrosive ingestion and modified endoscopic classification of burns","volume":"37","author":"S A Zargar","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)90840-4","article-title":"Upper gastrointestinal cancer in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis","volume":"2","author":"A D Spigelman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-301817","article-title":"Endoscopic assessment of the oesophageal features of eosinophilic oesophagitis: validation of a novel classification and grading system","volume":"62","author":"I Hirano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1377781","article-title":"Evaluating the endoscopic reference score for eosinophilic esophagitis: moderate to substantial intra- and interobserver reliability","volume":"46","author":"B D van Rhijn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(76)80347-2","article-title":"Candida esophagitis: a prospective study of 27 cases","volume":"71","author":"B E Kodsi","year":"1976","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(96)70006-8","article-title":"The gastroesophageal flap valve: in vitro and in vivo observations","volume":"44","author":"L D Hill","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1098086","article-title":"An endoscopic recognition of the atrophic border and its significance in chronic gastritis","volume":"1","author":"K Kimura","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15177","article-title":"Endoscopic grading of gastric atrophy on risk assessment of gastric neoplasia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"S Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastrohep.2024.502214","article-title":"The endoscopic model for gastric carcinogenesis and Helicobacter pylori infection: A potential visual mind-map during gastroscopy examination","volume":"47","author":"P Delgado-Guillena","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastrohep.2022.05.007","article-title":"Identifying the gastric atrophic border according to Kimura\u2013Takemoto classification by using high-definition endoscopes and a new virtual chromoendoscopy modality","volume":"46","author":"P G Delgado-Guillena","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-108435","article-title":"A multicenter prospective study of the real-time use of narrow-band imaging in the diagnosis of premalignant gastric conditions and lesions","volume":"48","author":"P Pimentel-Nunes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0808-3186","article-title":"Endoscopic grading of gastric intestinal metaplasia (EGGIM): a multicenter validation study","volume":"51","author":"G Esposito","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-320091","article-title":"Endoscopic grading of gastric intestinal metaplasia on risk assessment for early gastric neoplasia: can we replace histology assessment also in the West?","volume":"69","author":"P Marcos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2011.04.004","article-title":"Real-time increased detection of neoplastic tissue in Barrett's esophagus with probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy: final results of an international multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled trial","volume":"74","author":"P Sharma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.060","article-title":"Image-enhanced endoscopy and molecular biomarkers vs Seattle protocol to diagnose dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus","volume":"20","author":"M Vithayathil","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2012.04.470","article-title":"Longer inspection time is associated with increased detection of high-grade dysplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus","volume":"76","author":"N Gupta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2015-8883","article-title":"The effect of procedural time on dysplasia detection rate during endoscopic surveillance of Barrett's esophagus","volume":"55","author":"M Vithayathil","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2017.09.012","article-title":"Impact of advanced endoscopic imaging on Barrett's esophagus in daily clinical practice","volume":"87","author":"S Beg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-300962","article-title":"Standard endoscopy with random biopsies versus narrow band imaging targeted biopsies in Barrett's oesophagus: a prospective, international, randomised controlled trial","volume":"62","author":"P Sharma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19261","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000019261","article-title":"Seattle protocol vs narrow band imaging guided biopsy in screening of Barrett\u02bcs esophagus in gastroesophageal reflux disease patients","volume":"99","author":"A Elsheaita","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.03.019","article-title":"Prospective, controlled tandem endoscopy study of narrow band imaging for dysplasia detection in Barrett's Esophagus","volume":"135","author":"H C Wolfsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.06.017","article-title":"Advanced imaging technologies increase detection of dysplasia and neoplasia in patients with Barrett's esophagus: a meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"11","author":"B J Qumseya","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4511","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.33119","article-title":"Long-term effectiveness of one-time endoscopic screening for esophageal cancer: A community-based study in rural China","volume":"126","author":"N Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001711","article-title":"Esophageal second primary tumors in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: incidence, risk factors, and overall survival","volume":"117","author":"A Overwater","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-016-3011-9","article-title":"Narrow band imaging versus lugol chromoendoscopy to diagnose squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"F H Morita","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1224-6822","article-title":"Narrow-band imaging versus Lugol chromoendoscopy for esophageal squamous cell cancer screening in normal endoscopic practice: randomized controlled trial","volume":"53","author":"M Gruner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref119","first-page":"16462","article-title":"Narrow-band imaging vs Lugol chromoendoscopy in screening for esophageal squamous cell neoplasia: a randomized trial","volume":"133","author":"A Chaber-Ciopinska","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pol Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002102","article-title":"Wide variability in dysplasia detection rate and adherence to Seattle protocol and surveillance recommendations in Barrett's esophagus: a population-based analysis using the GIQuIC National Quality Benchmarking Registry","volume":"118","author":"J M Kolb","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0995-0134","article-title":"Adherence to recommendations of Barrett's esophagus surveillance guidelines: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"C AM Roumans","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.12.027","article-title":"Adherence to biopsy guidelines for Barrett\u02bcs esophagus surveillance in the community setting in the United States","volume":"7","author":"J A Abrams","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01746.x","article-title":"Systematic four-quadrant biopsy detects Barrett's dysplasia in more patients than nonsystematic biopsy","volume":"103","author":"J E Abela","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E221","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1967-1589","article-title":"Effect of biopsy protocol adherence vs non-adherence on dysplasia detection rates in Barrett's esophagus surveillance endoscopies: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"I Beaufort","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endosc Int Open"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640617722902","article-title":"Endoscopic screening for gastric cancer: A cost-utility analysis for countries with an intermediate gastric cancer risk","volume":"6","author":"M Areia","year":"2018","journal-title":"United European Gastroenterol J"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000002680","article-title":"Combined gastric and colorectal cancer endoscopic screening may be cost-effective in Europe with the implementation of artificial intelligence: an economic evaluation","volume":"36","author":"D Libanio","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1159\/000518100","article-title":"Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection by the arrangement of collecting venules using white light endoscopy: evaluation of interobserver agreement","volume":"40","author":"R Garces-Duran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dig Dis"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastrohep.2018.10.002","article-title":"Endoscopic microanatomy of the normal gastrointestinal mucosa with narrow band technology and magnification","volume":"42","author":"H Uchima","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-41388-4_14","article-title":"Endoluminal diagnosis of early gastric cancer and its precursors: bridging the gap between endoscopy and pathology","volume":"908","author":"N Uedo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0187-8","article-title":"Autoimmune gastritis","volume":"6","author":"M V Lenti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v26.i5.466","article-title":"Endoscopic Kyoto classification of Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer risk diagnosis","volume":"26","author":"O Toyoshima","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1159\/000501534","article-title":"Linked Color Imaging and the Kyoto classification of gastritis: evaluation of visibility and inter-rater reliability","volume":"101","author":"T Takeda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6910","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-86296-x","article-title":"Efficacy of texture and color enhancement imaging in visualizing gastric mucosal atrophy and gastric neoplasms","volume":"11","author":"T Ishikawa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1111\/den.14175","article-title":"Endoscopic features and clinical importance of autoimmune gastritis","volume":"34","author":"T Kamada","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dig Endosc"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastrohep.2020.12.003","article-title":"Gastric intestinal metaplasia with a novel high-definition endoscopic system and optical and digital chromoendoscopy","volume":"45","author":"P Delgado-Guillena","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1205-0570","article-title":"Image-enhanced endoscopy for gastric preneoplastic conditions and neoplastic lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"M Rodriguez-Carrasco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-21-1051","article-title":"Diagnostic value of linked color imaging based on endoscopy for gastric intestinal metaplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"X Shu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-944632","article-title":"A new method of diagnosing gastric intestinal metaplasia: narrow-band imaging with magnifying endoscopy","volume":"38","author":"N Uedo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-12-169","article-title":"Marginal turbid band and light blue crest, signs observed in magnifying narrow-band imaging endoscopy, are indicative of gastric intestinal metaplasia","volume":"12","author":"J K An","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1111\/den.14114","article-title":"Kyoto classification risk scoring system and endoscopic grading of gastric intestinal metaplasia for gastric cancer: Multicenter observation study in Japan","volume":"34","author":"M Kawamura","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dig Endosc"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6078","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v28.i43.6078","article-title":"Kyoto classification of gastritis: Advances and future perspectives in endoscopic diagnosis of gastritis","volume":"28","author":"O Toyoshima","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2019.1613443","article-title":"A single vial is enough in the absence of endoscopic suspected intestinal metaplasia \u2013 less is more!","volume":"54","author":"R Castro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2015.1101779","article-title":"Light-NBI to identify high-risk phenotypes for gastric adenocarcinoma: do we still need biopsies?","volume":"51","author":"J Lage","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1097\/CEJ.0000000000000648","article-title":"Gastroenterologists' attitudes on the detection and management of gastric premalignant conditions: results of a nationwide survey in Spain","volume":"30","author":"P G Delgado-Guillena","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1365","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1230-3586","article-title":"An international survey on recognition and characterization of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia","volume":"8","author":"H C Yip","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endosc Int Open"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastrohep.2023.08.005","article-title":"Implementation of the updated Sydney system biopsy protocol improves the diagnostic yield of gastric preneoplastic conditions: Results from a real-world study","volume":"47","author":"G Latorre","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1111\/den.13654","article-title":"Endoscopic submucosal dissection\/endoscopic mucosal resection guidelines for esophageal cancer","volume":"32","author":"R Ishihara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dig Endosc"},{"key":"ref148","first-page":"3152346","article-title":"Long-term clinical efficacy and perioperative safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection versus endoscopic mucosal resection for early gastric cancer: an updated meta-analysis","volume":"2018","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E998","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0577-7546","article-title":"ESD versus EMR in non-ampullary superficial duodenal tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"E Perez-Cuadrado-Robles","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endosc Int Open"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2017.09.038","article-title":"Endoscopic submucosal dissection for early Barrett's neoplasia: a meta-analysis","volume":"87","author":"D Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"doaa081","DOI":"10.1093\/dote\/doaa081","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection versus endoscopic mucosal resection for superficial esophageal carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"C Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000001543","article-title":"Risk factors for perforation of gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"X Ding","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.11.048","article-title":"Efficacy of endoscopic dilation of gastroduodenal Crohn's disease strictures: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data","volume":"17","author":"D Bettenworth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3200","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-021-07295-6","article-title":"Perforations from endoscopic dilation of corrosive strictures in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"67","author":"N Bush","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1172-5975","article-title":"Intralesional steroids and endoscopic dilation for anastomotic strictures after esophagectomy: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"C S Dasari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.15403\/jgld.2014.1121.262.myo","article-title":"Is Heller myotomy better than balloon dilation? A meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"A Illes","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Gastrointestin Liver Dis"},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-020-6564-6","article-title":"Comparison of fully-covered vs partially covered self-expanding metallic stents for palliative treatment of inoperable esophageal malignancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"C Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-019-05259-6","article-title":"Critical appraisal of the impact of oesophageal stents in the management of oesophageal anastomotic leaks and benign oesophageal perforations: an updated systematic review","volume":"44","author":"S K Kamarajah","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1331-8080","article-title":"Endoscopic management of enteral tubes in adult patients \u2013 Part 2: Peri- and post-procedural management. European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline","volume":"53","author":"P Gkolfakis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.08.022","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"A Hedjoudje","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000688","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgast-2021-000688","article-title":"Complications of diagnostic upper Gastrointestinal endoscopy: common and rare \u2013 recognition, assessment and management","volume":"9","author":"W Waddingham","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2021.11.038","article-title":"Novel classification for adverse events in GI endoscopy: the AGREE classification","volume":"95","author":"K J Nass","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.04.007","article-title":"Adverse events in gastrointestinal endoscopy: Validation of the AGREE classification in a real-life 5-year setting","volume":"55","author":"F Crispino","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4634-8","article-title":"Patterns of participation over four rounds of annual fecal immunochemical test-based screening for colorectal cancer: what predicts rescreening?","volume":"18","author":"J M Osborne","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/615206","article-title":"Patient satisfaction with the endoscopy experience and willingness to return in a central Canadian health region","volume":"27","author":"R Loftus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2014.11.047","article-title":"Patient-derived measures of GI endoscopy: a meta-narrative review of the literature","volume":"81","author":"S Brown","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(00)70218-5","article-title":"Quality and outcomes assessment in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy","volume":"52","author":"J F Johanson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1392547","article-title":"Development and validation of the Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Satisfaction Questionnaire (GESQ)","volume":"47","author":"H A Hutchings","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgast-2021-000653","article-title":"The Newcastle ENDOPREM: a validated patient reported experience measure for gastrointestinal endoscopy","volume":"8","author":"L J Neilson","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2001.115337","article-title":"Factors influencing patient satisfaction with GI endoscopy","volume":"53","author":"R F Yacavone","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.09.004","article-title":"Development and validation of the patient and clinician sedation satisfaction index for colonoscopy and upper endoscopy","volume":"7","author":"J Vargo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2014.07.062","article-title":"Development and validation of the PROcedural Sedation Assessment Survey (PROSAS) for assessment of procedural sedation quality","volume":"81","author":"D A Leffler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2008.06.024","article-title":"Factors influencing patient satisfaction when undergoing endoscopic procedures","volume":"69","author":"H H Ko","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2006.11.032","article-title":"Patient satisfaction scores for endoscopic procedures: impact of a survey-collection method","volume":"65","author":"O S Lin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3312","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2001.05331.x","article-title":"Prospective comparison of endoscopy patient satisfaction surveys: e-mail versus standard mail versus telephone","volume":"96","author":"G C Harewood","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-020-05383-3","article-title":"Patient feedback to improve quality of patient-centred care in public hospitals: a systematic review of the evidence","volume":"20","author":"E Wong","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"ref177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-13-259","article-title":"Facilitated patient experience feedback can improve nursing care: a pilot study for a phase III cluster randomised controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"R Reeves","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"ref178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1136\/fg.2011.004325","article-title":"A survey of patients' attitudes to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy identifies the value of endoscopist-patient interactive factors","volume":"2","author":"T Hydes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Frontline Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2012.10.003","article-title":"Development and validation of a nurse-assessed patient comfort score for colonoscopy","volume":"77","author":"A Rostom","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref180","first-page":"e24108","article-title":"Using information videos to improve patient satisfaction in endoscopy: a prospective service improvement project","volume":"14","author":"E Broder","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1109283","article-title":"Shared decision making--pinnacle of patient-centered care","volume":"366","author":"M J Barry","year":"2012","journal-title":"NEJM"},{"key":"ref182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2024.02.033","article-title":"Incidence and prediction of unrelated mortality after successful endoscopic eradication therapy for Barrett's neoplasia","volume":"166","author":"S N van Munster","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.07.034","article-title":"Neoplasia detection rate in Barrett's esophagus and its impact on missed dysplasia: results from a large population-based database","volume":"19","author":"L Dhaliwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.02.022","article-title":"The effect of endoscopic surveillance in patients with Barrett's esophagus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"154","author":"D C Codipilly","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1159\/000511867","article-title":"Biopsy sampling in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: a survey from 10 tertiary referral centres across Europe","volume":"39","author":"J Bornschein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dig Dis"},{"key":"ref186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.15403\/jgld.2014.1121.264.olg","article-title":"The orientation of gastric biopsy samples improves the inter-observer agreement of the OLGA staging system","volume":"26","author":"B Cotruta","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Gastrointestin Liver Dis"},{"key":"ref187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.106666","article-title":"Gastritis staging in clinical practice: the OLGA staging system","volume":"56","author":"M Rugge","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2009.12.029","article-title":"The staging of gastritis with the OLGA system by using intestinal metaplasia as an accurate alternative for atrophic gastritis","volume":"71","author":"L G Capelle","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1007\/s10120-018-0812-3","article-title":"The significance of OLGA and OLGIM staging systems in the risk assessment of gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"H Yue","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastric Cancer"},{"key":"ref190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-318126","article-title":"British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines on the diagnosis and management of patients at risk of gastric adenocarcinoma","volume":"68","author":"M Banks","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastrohep.2023.09.001","article-title":"History and clinical guidelines for chronic atrophic gastritis and the assessment of gastric cancer risk","volume":"46","author":"P Delgado-Guillena","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2378-1464","article-title":"The variation in post-endoscopy upper gastrointestinal cancer rates among endoscopy providers in England and associated factors: a population-based study","volume":"57","author":"U Kamran","year":"2025","journal-title":"Endoscopy"}],"container-title":["Endoscopy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-2674-4912.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T23:31:27Z","timestamp":1761694287000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-2674-4912"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]]},"references-count":192,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2674-4912","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-726X","1438-8812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-726X","type":"print"},{"value":"1438-8812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]]}}}