{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T21:57:59Z","timestamp":1772747879124,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,14]],"date-time":"2008-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1202947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1566,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Plant Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Abstract: <\/jats:bold> Three <jats:italic>Coffea<\/jats:italic> species (<jats:italic>C. arabica<\/jats:italic> cv. Icatu, <jats:italic>C. canephora<\/jats:italic> cv. Apoat\u00e3 and <jats:italic>C. dewevrei<\/jats:italic>) were tested in order to identify and study the mechanisms of tolerance to low, non\u2010freezing temperatures. Several photosynthesis\u2010related parameters were monitored during a 20\u2010day period of gradual temperature decrease, from 25\/20 \u00b0C (day\/night) down to 15\/10 \u00b0C, during chilling treatments (15\/4 \u00b0C), and upon rewarming (25\/20 \u00b0C). Differences were found among species, both during low temperature exposure and during rewarming. In general, <jats:italic>Coffea<\/jats:italic> species showed cold\u2010induced photoinhibition of photosynthesis, which was attributable to biochemical (<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> ribulose\u20101,5\u2010bisphosphate carboxylase\/oxygenase activity and carbohydrate synthesis) and biophysical (antennae functioning, photosystem II efficiency and linear electron transport) inactivation, rather than to stomatal constraints. The moderately low temperature of 15\/10 \u00b0C was enough to cause a negative impact on net photosynthesis <jats:italic>(A),<\/jats:italic> mostly due to low (initial) rubisco activity in all species. However, <jats:italic>C. arabica<\/jats:italic> cv. Icatu showed a higher tolerance to chilling and recovered quickly and completely upon rewarming, as assessed from the impacts on the photosynthetic machinery (e.g. <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\/<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\u2032\/<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>\u2032, <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>P<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>\u03d5<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>e<\/jats:sub>, rubisco activity) and on carbohydrate metabolism. Such lesser effects are likely to be related to the strong increases and higher contents of zeaxanthin, lutein and \u03b2\u2010carotene that presumably increased the ability to dissipate excitation energy and contributed to protect the photosynthetic apparatus. During cold exposure, a significant reduction of the \u03b1\/\u03b2 carotene ratio, which is considered an acclimation feature, was observed solely in <jats:italic>C. arabica<\/jats:italic> cv. Icatu. However, <jats:italic>C. canephora<\/jats:italic> cv. Apoat\u00e3 and, especially, <jats:italic>C. dewevrei<\/jats:italic> showed to be highly cold\u2010sensitive. In these latter species, the photoinhibitory impairments to photosynthesis were stronger, probably due to the lower contents of protecting pigments during chilling conditions that lead to a higher vulnerability to excess excitation energy. Moreover, the mesophyll impairments (e.g. <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\/<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>\u03d5<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>e<\/jats:sub>) became significant even at moderately low temperatures of 15\/10 \u00b0C, and a lower ability to recover after chilling exposure was observed. The limitation of <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> rubisco activity and <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> may have been due to substrate limitation, but disturbances in sugar metabolism could also play an important role in the expression of chilling sensitivity in <jats:italic>C. canephora<\/jats:italic> cv. Apoat\u00e3 and <jats:italic>C. dewevrei.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-44688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,2]],"date-time":"2004-02-02T17:05:27Z","timestamp":1075741527000},"page":"631-641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Cold Acclimation Ability and Photosynthesis among Species of the Tropical <i>Coffea<\/i> Genus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"J. C.","family":"Ramalho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V. L.","family":"Quartin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E.","family":"Leit\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P. S.","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M. L. C.","family":"Carelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J. I.","family":"Fahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M. 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