{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T18:02:29Z","timestamp":1790359349172,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Massachusetts Medical Society","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NEJM Catalyst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"DOI":"10.1056\/cat.25.0498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T12:45:11Z","timestamp":1789562711000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Measuring the Carbon Footprint for Health Systems and Suppliers: A                    Collaborative Field Study by Providence and Becton Dickinson"],"prefix":"10.1056","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Robert S.","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor Emeritus, Harvard Business School, Harvard University,\r                        Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Cofounder, E-ledgers Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"Mazurek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chief Sustainability and Environment, Health, and Safety Officer,\r                        Becton Dickinson and Company, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Schenk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chief Environmental Stewardship Officer, Providence, Renton, WA,\r                        USA"},{"name":"Assistant Research Professor, College of Nursing, Washington State\r                        University, Renton, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oriana","family":"Turley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program Manager, Environmental Stewardship, Providence, Renton, WA,\r                        USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Hudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Former Senior Director, Operations Sustainability and Environment,\r                        Health, and Safety, Becton Dickinson and Company, Franklin Lakes, NJ,\r                        USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karthik","family":"Ramanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor of Business and Public Policy, Blavatnik School of\r                        Government, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"},{"name":"Cofounder, E-ledgers Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"150","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"Wadhwa S Udeze Nwosu I-E Ng P et al. Catalyzing collective action to decarbonize healthcare: roadmap for health systems and MedTech suppliers. May 2023. Accessed April 20 2026 (https:\/\/supplier.kp.org\/impactspending\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/06\/Catalyzing-Collective-Action-to-Decarbonize-Healthcare_FINAL_6-7-23.pdf)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/CAT.22.0433"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","unstructured":"Madera S Galvin D Bhonsle S et al. Scope 3 upstream: big challenges simple remedies. June 2024. Accessed June 24 2026 (https:\/\/assets.ctfassets.net\/v7uy4j80khf8\/1F70SdMyfKcaCFTz3gLLeZ\/50f763fd23b3d5d7c510a7d40d76d2f8\/scope-3-upstream-report-big-challenges-simple-remedies.pdf)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"120","article-title":"Accounting for climate change","volume":"99","author":"Kaplan RS","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kaplan RS, Ramanna K. Accounting for climate change. Harv Bus Rev 2021;99:120-131 https:\/\/hbr.org\/2021\/11\/accounting-for-climate-change.","journal-title":"Harv Bus Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"124","article-title":"Disclosing downstream emissions","volume":"102","author":"Kaplan RS","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kaplan RS, Ramanna K. Disclosing downstream emissions. Harv Bus Rev 2024;102:124-133 https:\/\/hbr.org\/2024\/07\/disclosing-downstream-emissions.","journal-title":"Harv Bus Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaplan RS Ramanna K. E-ledgers carbon accounting. Harvard Business School Working Paper No. 26-004. August 2025. https:\/\/www.hbs.edu\/faculty\/Pages\/item.aspx?num=67725.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.5376839"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"126","article-title":"Accounting for carbon offsets","volume":"101","author":"Kaplan RS","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kaplan RS, Ramanna K, Roston M. Accounting for carbon offsets. Harv Bus Rev 2023;101:126-137 https:\/\/hbr.org\/2023\/07\/accounting-for-carbon-offsets.","journal-title":"Harv Bus Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","unstructured":"World Resources Institute World Business Council for Sustainable Development. Greenhouse Gas Protocol. Corporate value chain (scope 3) accounting and reporting standard: supplement to the GHG protocol corporate accounting and reporting standard. Allocating emissions. September 2011 (https:\/\/ghgprotocol.org\/sites\/default\/files\/standards\/Corporate-Value-Chain-Accounting-Reporing-Standard_041613_2.pdf)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","unstructured":"U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development. Supply chain greenhouse gas emission factors v1.3 by NAICS-6. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Updated July 5 2024. DOI: 10.23719\/1531143."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","unstructured":"E-ledgers Institute. E-liability pilot playbook. 2022. Accessed April 20 2026 (https:\/\/e-ledgers.institute\/pilot-adoption\/)."}],"container-title":["NEJM Catalyst"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T17:48:29Z","timestamp":1790358509000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/catalyst.nejm.org\/doi\/10.1056\/CAT.25.0498"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1056\/CAT.25.0498"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/cat.25.0498","relation":{},"ISSN":["2642-0007"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2642-0007","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]}}}