{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T16:34:29Z","timestamp":1788280469102,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Massachusetts Medical Society","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NEJM Evidence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"DOI":"10.1056\/evidoa2500244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T14:24:37Z","timestamp":1779805477000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Outcomes of Pneumonia in ICUs in Low- and Middle-Income Countries \u2014 A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1056","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Melissa","family":"Pitrowsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"},{"name":"Pr\u00f3-Card\u00edaco Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana Balbi","family":"Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u2019Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Otavio","family":"Ranzani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DataHealth Lab, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filipe Sousa","family":"Amado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u2019Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio Paulo","family":"Nassar Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u2019Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno Adler Maccagnan Pinheiro","family":"Besen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDOR Research and Education Institute, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulliana Martines","family":"Moralez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDOR Research and Education Institute, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDOR Research and Education Institute, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Povoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDOR Research and Education Institute, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"NOVA Medical School, Comprehensive Health Research Center, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"Hospital de S\u00e3o Francisco Xavier, ULSLO, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Roberto","family":"Lapa e Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge I. F.","family":"Salluh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"},{"name":"IDOR Research and Education Institute, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"150","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1713003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global health estimates. 2020 (https:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/global-health-estimates)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2013-204282"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2018.11.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-024-07381-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2019-001675"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130217"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08145-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31668-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-023-07220-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","unstructured":"Hannah R Rod\u00e9s-Guirao L Edouard Mathieu E et al. Our world in data. 2023 (https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/population-growth)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00324728.2022.2034919"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12121314"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fragi.2024.1490302"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2021.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2021.0522"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","unstructured":"World Bank Country and Lending Groups. 2025 (https:\/\/datahelpdesk.worldbank.org\/knowledgebase\/articles\/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41479-020-00074-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","unstructured":"Wells GA Wells G Shea B et al. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. 2014 (https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:79550924)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.15.2008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-135"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000023"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bmsp.12002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v036.i03"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","volume-title":"The handbook of research synthesis and meta-analysis","unstructured":"Cooper HM, Hedges LV, Valentine JC, eds. The handbook of research synthesis and meta-analysis. 2nd ed. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2009.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ebmental-2019-300117"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1687-8426.184373"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201908-1581ST"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","first-page":"25","article-title":"Mortality prediction in community-acquired pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation; values of pneumonia and intensive care unit severity scores","volume":"58","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aydo\u011fdu M, \u00d6zyilmaz E, Aksoy H, G\u00fcrsel G, Eki\u02d9M N. Mortality prediction in community-acquired pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation; values of pneumonia and intensive care unit severity scores. Tuberk Toraks 2010;58:25-34. PMID:","journal-title":"Tuberk Toraks"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-011-0337-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246072"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa183"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13685538.2020.1775192"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1351-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5578\/flora.20229903"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","first-page":"393","article-title":"Yo\u011fun bak\u0131mda izlenen toplum k\u00f6kenli pn\u00f6moni olgular\u0131n\u0131n hastal\u0131k a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k skorlamalar\u0131 ve mortalite \u00fczerine etkili fakt\u00f6rler","volume":"57","year":"2009","unstructured":"Doruk S, Bula\u00e7 S, Sevi\u02d9n\u00e7 C, et al. Yo\u011fun bak\u0131mda izlenen toplum k\u00f6kenli pn\u00f6moni olgular\u0131n\u0131n hastal\u0131k a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k skorlamalar\u0131 ve mortalite \u00fczerine etkili fakt\u00f6rler. Tuberk Toraks 2009;57:393-400.","journal-title":"Tuberk Toraks"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.1671-0282.2009.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5578\/tt.20219609"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2013.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bfopcu.2014.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneumo.2014.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2575-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.12.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2017.04.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-777X.145251"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-2113.99248"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.2095-4352.2016.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.12674"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000028739"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep22271"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2015.2770"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn121430-20200122-00099"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","first-page":"1057","article-title":"China emergency community-acquired pneumonia clinical practice guideline: disease diagnosis","volume":"35","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yu XZ, Zhou RB, Chen XY, et al. China emergency community-acquired pneumonia clinical practice guideline: disease diagnosis. China J Crit Care Med 2015;35:1057-1062.","journal-title":"China J Crit Care Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7196\/AJTCCM.2020.v26i1.035"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06769-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.51481\/amc.v57i1.868"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2011.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-1393"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-37132012000400003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199009000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_2","first-page":"430","article-title":"Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand","volume":"35","year":"2004","unstructured":"Reechaipichitkul W, Pisprasert V. Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2004;35:430-433.","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.7.at1010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10760296231219249"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-1382"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gdata.2014.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.2095-4352.2019.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acci.2017.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0123-9392(13)70019-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-37132012000200002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-021-0856-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003842"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/rjim-2021-0025"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9282.61.02.144"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-024-02852-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_630_21"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3978\/j.issn.2072-1439.2013.09.10"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1070581"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2017.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3612020"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7754\/Clin.Lab.2018.180828"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_84_2","first-page":"639","article-title":"Efficacy and significance of various scores for pneumonia severity in the management of patients with community-acquired pneumonia in China","volume":"125","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yang Y, Xu F, Shi L-Y, et al. Efficacy and significance of various scores for pneumonia severity in the management of patients with community-acquired pneumonia in China. Chinese Med J 2012;125:639-645. PMID","journal-title":"Chinese Med J"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn121430-20210617-00902"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7507\/1672-2531.201703061"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-08984-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.03953"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2013.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(21)00485-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000006312"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2020-215950"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000006050"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-03278-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tc-2024-058717"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46234\/ccdcw2025.124"}],"container-title":["NEJM Evidence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T21:00:48Z","timestamp":1779915648000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/evidence.nejm.org\/doi\/10.1056\/EVIDoa2500244"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1056\/EVIDoa2500244"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/evidoa2500244","relation":{},"ISSN":["2766-5526"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2766-5526","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]}}}