{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T07:44:34Z","timestamp":1792309474005,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Massachusetts Medical Society","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["N Engl J Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,9]]},"DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa040610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,8]],"date-time":"2004-09-08T17:33:47Z","timestamp":1094664827000},"page":"1057-1067","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1105,"title":["The Effect of Air Pollution on Lung Development from 10 to 18 Years of Age"],"prefix":"10.1056","volume":"351","author":[{"given":"W. James","family":"Gauderman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (W.J.G., E.A., F.G., H.V., D.T., K.B., R.M., N.K., E.R., J.P.); Sonoma Technology, Petaluma, Calif. (F.L.); Air Resources Board, State of California, Sacramento (H.M.); and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (D.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Avol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (W.J.G., E.A., F.G., H.V., D.T., K.B., R.M., N.K., E.R., J.P.); Sonoma Technology, Petaluma, Calif. (F.L.); Air Resources Board, State of California, Sacramento (H.M.); and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (D.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Gilliland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (W.J.G., E.A., F.G., H.V., D.T., K.B., R.M., N.K., E.R., J.P.); Sonoma Technology, Petaluma, Calif. (F.L.); Air Resources Board, State of California, Sacramento (H.M.); and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (D.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hita","family":"Vora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (W.J.G., E.A., F.G., H.V., D.T., K.B., R.M., N.K., E.R., J.P.); Sonoma Technology, Petaluma, Calif. (F.L.); Air Resources Board, State of California, Sacramento (H.M.); and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (D.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duncan","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (W.J.G., E.A., F.G., H.V., D.T., K.B., R.M., N.K., E.R., J.P.); Sonoma Technology, Petaluma, Calif. (F.L.); Air Resources Board, State of California, Sacramento (H.M.); and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (D.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiros","family":"Berhane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (W.J.G., E.A., F.G., H.V., D.T., K.B., R.M., N.K., E.R., J.P.); Sonoma Technology, Petaluma, Calif. (F.L.); Air Resources Board, State of California, Sacramento (H.M.); and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (D.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"McConnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (W.J.G., E.A., F.G., H.V., D.T., K.B., R.M., N.K., E.R., J.P.); Sonoma Technology, Petaluma, Calif. (F.L.); Air Resources Board, State of California, Sacramento (H.M.); and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (D.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nino","family":"Kuenzli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (W.J.G., E.A., F.G., H.V., D.T., K.B., R.M., N.K., E.R., J.P.); Sonoma Technology, Petaluma, Calif. (F.L.); Air Resources Board, State of California, Sacramento (H.M.); and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (D.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fred","family":"Lurmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (W.J.G., E.A., F.G., H.V., D.T., K.B., R.M., N.K., E.R., J.P.); Sonoma Technology, Petaluma, Calif. (F.L.); Air Resources Board, State of California, Sacramento (H.M.); and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (D.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Rappaport","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (W.J.G., E.A., F.G., H.V., D.T., K.B., R.M., N.K., E.R., J.P.); Sonoma Technology, Petaluma, Calif. (F.L.); Air Resources Board, State of California, Sacramento (H.M.); and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (D.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helene","family":"Margolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (W.J.G., E.A., F.G., H.V., D.T., K.B., R.M., N.K., E.R., J.P.); Sonoma Technology, Petaluma, Calif. (F.L.); Air Resources Board, State of California, Sacramento (H.M.); and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (D.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Bates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (W.J.G., E.A., F.G., H.V., D.T., K.B., R.M., N.K., E.R., J.P.); Sonoma Technology, Petaluma, Calif. (F.L.); Air Resources Board, State of California, Sacramento (H.M.); and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (D.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (W.J.G., E.A., F.G., H.V., D.T., K.B., R.M., N.K., E.R., J.P.); Sonoma Technology, Petaluma, Calif. (F.L.); Air Resources Board, State of California, Sacramento (H.M.); and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (D.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"150","reference":[{"key":"r001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.2.9809075"},{"key":"r002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.99107669"},{"key":"r003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.02.00512001"},{"key":"r004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.4.9909096"},{"key":"r005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.11.2102005"},{"key":"r006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2111021"},{"key":"r007","first-page":"834","volume":"133","author":"Ware JH","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"r008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/139.3.587"},{"key":"r009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-9351(89)80012-X"},{"key":"r010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.96104506"},{"key":"r011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.153.1.8542133"},{"key":"r012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.3.9804144"},{"key":"r013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.3.9804143"},{"key":"r014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/148.6_Pt_1.1502"},{"key":"r015","unstructured":"Elemental carbon (diesel exhaust). In: NIOSH manual of analytical methods. No. 5040. Issue 3 (interim report). Cincinnati: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1999."},{"key":"r016","unstructured":"SAS\/STAT user's guide, version 9. Cary, N.C.: SAS Institute, 2002."},{"key":"r017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198309223091204"},{"key":"r018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.149.6.8004293"},{"key":"r019","first-page":"752","volume":"131","author":"Tager I","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"r020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.00073101"},{"key":"r021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg276"},{"key":"r022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.3.656"},{"key":"r023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(98)00066-0"},{"key":"r024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.313.7059.711"},{"key":"r025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(83)90532-X"},{"key":"r026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197605132942001"},{"key":"r027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-82-6-739"},{"key":"r028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.92.4.594"},{"key":"r029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.81.3.350"},{"key":"r030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.149.5.8173761"},{"key":"r031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.2.ed09-99"},{"key":"r032","first-page":"1","volume":"82","author":"Avol EL","year":"1998","journal-title":"Res Rep Health Eff Inst"},{"key":"r033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.011091053"},{"key":"r034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200308-1107OC"},{"key":"r035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6042"},{"key":"r036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004280000262"},{"key":"r037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02786820118957"},{"key":"r038","unstructured":"Latest findings on national air quality: 2002 status and trends. Research Triangle Park, N.C.: Environmental Protection Agency, 2003. (Report no. 454\/K-03-001.)"}],"container-title":["New England Journal of Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1056\/NEJMoa040610","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]],"date-time":"2022-05-16T14:25:34Z","timestamp":1652711134000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/10.1056\/NEJMoa040610"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,9]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1056\/NEJMoa040610"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmoa040610","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-4793","1533-4406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-4793","type":"print"},{"value":"1533-4406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,9]]}}}