{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T01:22:33Z","timestamp":1792027353110,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Massachusetts Medical Society","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]],"date-time":"2020-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nejmgroup.org\/legal\/terms-of-use.htm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006520","name":"Edwards Lifesciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006520","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["N Engl J Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]]},"DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1910555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]],"date-time":"2020-01-29T17:00:20Z","timestamp":1580317220000},"page":"799-809","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":773,"title":["Five-Year Outcomes of Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic-Valve Replacement"],"prefix":"10.1056","volume":"382","author":[{"given":"Raj R.","family":"Makkar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cedars\u2013Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) \u2014 all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) \u2014 both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center\/New York\u2013Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) \u2014 both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) \u2014 both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinod H.","family":"Thourani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cedars\u2013Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) \u2014 all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) \u2014 both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center\/New York\u2013Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) \u2014 both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) \u2014 both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Mack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cedars\u2013Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) \u2014 all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) \u2014 both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center\/New York\u2013Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) \u2014 both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) \u2014 both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susheel K.","family":"Kodali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cedars\u2013Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) \u2014 all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) \u2014 both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center\/New York\u2013Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) \u2014 both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) \u2014 both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samir","family":"Kapadia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cedars\u2013Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) \u2014 all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) \u2014 both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center\/New York\u2013Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) \u2014 both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) \u2014 both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John G.","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cedars\u2013Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) \u2014 all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) \u2014 both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center\/New York\u2013Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) \u2014 both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) \u2014 both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung-Han","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cedars\u2013Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) \u2014 all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) \u2014 both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center\/New York\u2013Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) \u2014 both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) \u2014 both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Trento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cedars\u2013Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) \u2014 all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) \u2014 both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center\/New York\u2013Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) \u2014 both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) \u2014 both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars G.","family":"Svensson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cedars\u2013Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) \u2014 all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) \u2014 both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center\/New York\u2013Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) \u2014 both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) \u2014 both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard C.","family":"Herrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cedars\u2013Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) \u2014 all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) \u2014 both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center\/New York\u2013Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) \u2014 both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) \u2014 both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilson Y.","family":"Szeto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cedars\u2013Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) \u2014 all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) \u2014 both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center\/New York\u2013Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) \u2014 both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) \u2014 both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. Craig","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cedars\u2013Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) \u2014 all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) \u2014 both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center\/New York\u2013Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) \u2014 both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) \u2014 both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lowell","family":"Satler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cedars\u2013Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) \u2014 all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) \u2014 both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center\/New York\u2013Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) \u2014 both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) \u2014 both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cedars\u2013Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) \u2014 all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) \u2014 both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center\/New York\u2013Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) \u2014 both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) \u2014 both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd M.","family":"Dewey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cedars\u2013Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) \u2014 all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) \u2014 both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center\/New York\u2013Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) \u2014 both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) \u2014 both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasilis","family":"Babaliaros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cedars\u2013Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) \u2014 all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) \u2014 both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center\/New York\u2013Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) \u2014 both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) \u2014 both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathew R.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cedars\u2013Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) \u2014 all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) \u2014 both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center\/New York\u2013Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) \u2014 both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) \u2014 both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dean J.","family":"Kereiakes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cedars\u2013Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) \u2014 all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) \u2014 both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center\/New York\u2013Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) \u2014 both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) \u2014 both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Zajarias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cedars\u2013Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) \u2014 all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) \u2014 both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center\/New York\u2013Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) \u2014 both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) \u2014 both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin L.","family":"Greason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cedars\u2013Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) \u2014 all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) \u2014 both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center\/New York\u2013Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) \u2014 both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) \u2014 both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian K.","family":"Whisenant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cedars\u2013Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) \u2014 all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) \u2014 both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center\/New York\u2013Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) \u2014 both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) \u2014 both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert W.","family":"Hodson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cedars\u2013Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) \u2014 all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) \u2014 both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center\/New York\u2013Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) \u2014 both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) \u2014 both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David L.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cedars\u2013Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) \u2014 all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) \u2014 both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center\/New York\u2013Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) \u2014 both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) \u2014 both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William F.","family":"Fearon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cedars\u2013Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) \u2014 all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) \u2014 both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center\/New York\u2013Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) \u2014 both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) \u2014 both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cedars\u2013Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) \u2014 all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) \u2014 both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center\/New York\u2013Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) \u2014 both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) \u2014 both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Pibarot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cedars\u2013Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) \u2014 all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) \u2014 both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center\/New York\u2013Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) \u2014 both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) \u2014 both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca T.","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cedars\u2013Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) \u2014 all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) \u2014 both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center\/New York\u2013Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) \u2014 both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) \u2014 both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wael A.","family":"Jaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cedars\u2013Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) \u2014 all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) \u2014 both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center\/New York\u2013Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) \u2014 both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) \u2014 both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cedars\u2013Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) \u2014 all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) \u2014 both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center\/New York\u2013Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) \u2014 both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) \u2014 both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cedars\u2013Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) \u2014 all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) \u2014 both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center\/New York\u2013Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) \u2014 both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) \u2014 both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Wheeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cedars\u2013Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) \u2014 all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) \u2014 both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center\/New York\u2013Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) \u2014 both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) \u2014 both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria C.","family":"Alu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cedars\u2013Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) \u2014 all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) \u2014 both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center\/New York\u2013Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) \u2014 both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) \u2014 both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig R.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cedars\u2013Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) \u2014 all in California; the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Piedmont Heart Institute (V.H.T.), and Emory University (V.B.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Plano (M.J.M., D.L.B.), and Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas (T.M.D.) \u2014 both in Texas; Columbia University Medical Center\/New York\u2013Presbyterian Hospital (S.K.K., R.T.H., M.C.A., C.R.S., M.B.L.) and NYU Langone Medical Center (M.R.W.) \u2014 both in New York; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (S.K., L.G.S., W.A.J.); St. Paul\u2019s Hospital, Vancouver, BC (J.G.W.), and Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec, QC (P.P.) \u2014 both in Canada; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.C.H., W.Y.S.); Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (L.S.); University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City (D.J...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin B.","family":"Leon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Cedars\u2013Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (R.R.M., S.-H.Y., A.T.), Stanford University, Stanford (D.C.M., W.F.F.), and Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine (E.R., K.X., J.W.) \u2014 all in California; 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