{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:59:57Z","timestamp":1790780397551,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Massachusetts Medical Society","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,5]],"date-time":"2021-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nejmgroup.org\/legal\/terms-of-use.htm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011251","name":"Innovation Fund of the Alternative Funding Plan for the Academic Health Sciences Centres of Ontario","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011251","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["N Engl J Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,5]]},"DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa2026845","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]],"date-time":"2021-08-04T17:02:11Z","timestamp":1628096531000},"page":"516-525","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":309,"title":["Milrinone as Compared with Dobutamine in the Treatment of Cardiogenic Shock"],"prefix":"10.1056","volume":"385","author":[{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Mathew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the CAPITAL Research Group, Division of Cardiology (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.A.M., T.S., F.D.R., D.T.H., O.A.-R., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre (J.B., G.A.W.), and the Division of Cardiac Surgery (V.C.), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and the Faculty of Medicine (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.H., D.T.H., W.W., O.A.-R., S.M.F., K.K., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine (R.M., J.H., S.M.F., K.K.), the School of Epidemiology and Public Health (P.D.S.), and the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, the Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto (A.M.), and the Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (A.A.) \u2014 all in Canada; the Division of Critical Care, Tufts Medical Center, Boston (J.A.M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (T.S.); and H\u00f4pital Cardiologique du Haut L\u00e9v\u00ea..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Di Santo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the CAPITAL Research Group, Division of Cardiology (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.A.M., T.S., F.D.R., D.T.H., O.A.-R., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre (J.B., G.A.W.), and the Division of Cardiac Surgery (V.C.), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and the Faculty of Medicine (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.H., D.T.H., W.W., O.A.-R., S.M.F., K.K., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine (R.M., J.H., S.M.F., K.K.), the School of Epidemiology and Public Health (P.D.S.), and the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, the Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto (A.M.), and the Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (A.A.) \u2014 all in Canada; the Division of Critical Care, Tufts Medical Center, Boston (J.A.M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (T.S.); and H\u00f4pital Cardiologique du Haut L\u00e9v\u00ea..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard G.","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the CAPITAL Research Group, Division of Cardiology (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.A.M., T.S., F.D.R., D.T.H., O.A.-R., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre (J.B., G.A.W.), and the Division of Cardiac Surgery (V.C.), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and the Faculty of Medicine (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.H., D.T.H., W.W., O.A.-R., S.M.F., K.K., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine (R.M., J.H., S.M.F., K.K.), the School of Epidemiology and Public Health (P.D.S.), and the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, the Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto (A.M.), and the Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (A.A.) \u2014 all in Canada; the Division of Critical Care, Tufts Medical Center, Boston (J.A.M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (T.S.); and H\u00f4pital Cardiologique du Haut L\u00e9v\u00ea..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey A.","family":"Marbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the CAPITAL Research Group, Division of Cardiology (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.A.M., T.S., F.D.R., D.T.H., O.A.-R., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre (J.B., G.A.W.), and the Division of Cardiac Surgery (V.C.), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and the Faculty of Medicine (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.H., D.T.H., W.W., O.A.-R., S.M.F., K.K., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine (R.M., J.H., S.M.F., K.K.), the School of Epidemiology and Public Health (P.D.S.), and the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, the Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto (A.M.), and the Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (A.A.) \u2014 all in Canada; the Division of Critical Care, Tufts Medical Center, Boston (J.A.M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (T.S.); and H\u00f4pital Cardiologique du Haut L\u00e9v\u00ea..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Hutson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the CAPITAL Research Group, Division of Cardiology (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.A.M., T.S., F.D.R., D.T.H., O.A.-R., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre (J.B., G.A.W.), and the Division of Cardiac Surgery (V.C.), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and the Faculty of Medicine (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.H., D.T.H., W.W., O.A.-R., S.M.F., K.K., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine (R.M., J.H., S.M.F., K.K.), the School of Epidemiology and Public Health (P.D.S.), and the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, the Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto (A.M.), and the Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (A.A.) \u2014 all in Canada; the Division of Critical Care, Tufts Medical Center, Boston (J.A.M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (T.S.); and H\u00f4pital Cardiologique du Haut L\u00e9v\u00ea..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9465-8150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trevor","family":"Simard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the CAPITAL Research Group, Division of Cardiology (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.A.M., T.S., F.D.R., D.T.H., O.A.-R., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre (J.B., G.A.W.), and the Division of Cardiac Surgery (V.C.), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and the Faculty of Medicine (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.H., D.T.H., W.W., O.A.-R., S.M.F., K.K., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine (R.M., J.H., S.M.F., K.K.), the School of Epidemiology and Public Health (P.D.S.), and the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, the Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto (A.M.), and the Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (A.A.) \u2014 all in Canada; the Division of Critical Care, Tufts Medical Center, Boston (J.A.M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (T.S.); and H\u00f4pital Cardiologique du Haut L\u00e9v\u00ea..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. Daniel","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the CAPITAL Research Group, Division of Cardiology (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.A.M., T.S., F.D.R., D.T.H., O.A.-R., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre (J.B., G.A.W.), and the Division of Cardiac Surgery (V.C.), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and the Faculty of Medicine (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.H., D.T.H., W.W., O.A.-R., S.M.F., K.K., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine (R.M., J.H., S.M.F., K.K.), the School of Epidemiology and Public Health (P.D.S.), and the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, the Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto (A.M.), and the Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (A.A.) \u2014 all in Canada; the Division of Critical Care, Tufts Medical Center, Boston (J.A.M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (T.S.); and H\u00f4pital Cardiologique du Haut L\u00e9v\u00ea..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David T.","family":"Harnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the CAPITAL Research Group, Division of Cardiology (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.A.M., T.S., F.D.R., D.T.H., O.A.-R., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre (J.B., G.A.W.), and the Division of Cardiac Surgery (V.C.), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and the Faculty of Medicine (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.H., D.T.H., W.W., O.A.-R., S.M.F., K.K., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine (R.M., J.H., S.M.F., K.K.), the School of Epidemiology and Public Health (P.D.S.), and the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, the Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto (A.M.), and the Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (A.A.) \u2014 all in Canada; the Division of Critical Care, Tufts Medical Center, Boston (J.A.M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (T.S.); and H\u00f4pital Cardiologique du Haut L\u00e9v\u00ea..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anas","family":"Merdad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the CAPITAL Research Group, Division of Cardiology (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.A.M., T.S., F.D.R., D.T.H., O.A.-R., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre (J.B., G.A.W.), and the Division of Cardiac Surgery (V.C.), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and the Faculty of Medicine (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.H., D.T.H., W.W., O.A.-R., S.M.F., K.K., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine (R.M., J.H., S.M.F., K.K.), the School of Epidemiology and Public Health (P.D.S.), and the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, the Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto (A.M.), and the Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (A.A.) \u2014 all in Canada; the Division of Critical Care, Tufts Medical Center, Boston (J.A.M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (T.S.); and H\u00f4pital Cardiologique du Haut L\u00e9v\u00ea..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aws","family":"Almufleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the CAPITAL Research Group, Division of Cardiology (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.A.M., T.S., F.D.R., D.T.H., O.A.-R., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre (J.B., G.A.W.), and the Division of Cardiac Surgery (V.C.), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and the Faculty of Medicine (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.H., D.T.H., W.W., O.A.-R., S.M.F., K.K., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine (R.M., J.H., S.M.F., K.K.), the School of Epidemiology and Public Health (P.D.S.), and the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, the Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto (A.M.), and the Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (A.A.) \u2014 all in Canada; the Division of Critical Care, Tufts Medical Center, Boston (J.A.M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (T.S.); and H\u00f4pital Cardiologique du Haut L\u00e9v\u00ea..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willy","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the CAPITAL Research Group, Division of Cardiology (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.A.M., T.S., F.D.R., D.T.H., O.A.-R., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre (J.B., G.A.W.), and the Division of Cardiac Surgery (V.C.), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and the Faculty of Medicine (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.H., D.T.H., W.W., O.A.-R., S.M.F., K.K., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine (R.M., J.H., S.M.F., K.K.), the School of Epidemiology and Public Health (P.D.S.), and the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, the Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto (A.M.), and the Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (A.A.) \u2014 all in Canada; the Division of Critical Care, Tufts Medical Center, Boston (J.A.M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (T.S.); and H\u00f4pital Cardiologique du Haut L\u00e9v\u00ea..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4123-6004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar","family":"Abdel-Razek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the CAPITAL Research Group, Division of Cardiology (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.A.M., T.S., F.D.R., D.T.H., O.A.-R., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre (J.B., G.A.W.), and the Division of Cardiac Surgery (V.C.), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and the Faculty of Medicine (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.H., D.T.H., W.W., O.A.-R., S.M.F., K.K., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine (R.M., J.H., S.M.F., K.K.), the School of Epidemiology and Public Health (P.D.S.), and the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, the Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto (A.M.), and the Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (A.A.) \u2014 all in Canada; the Division of Critical Care, Tufts Medical Center, Boston (J.A.M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (T.S.); and H\u00f4pital Cardiologique du Haut L\u00e9v\u00ea..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4549-4289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shannon M.","family":"Fernando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the CAPITAL Research Group, Division of Cardiology (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.A.M., T.S., F.D.R., D.T.H., O.A.-R., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre (J.B., G.A.W.), and the Division of Cardiac Surgery (V.C.), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and the Faculty of Medicine (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.H., D.T.H., W.W., O.A.-R., S.M.F., K.K., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine (R.M., J.H., S.M.F., K.K.), the School of Epidemiology and Public Health (P.D.S.), and the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, the Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto (A.M.), and the Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (A.A.) \u2014 all in Canada; the Division of Critical Care, Tufts Medical Center, Boston (J.A.M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (T.S.); and H\u00f4pital Cardiologique du Haut L\u00e9v\u00ea..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwadwo","family":"Kyeremanteng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the CAPITAL Research Group, Division of Cardiology (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.A.M., T.S., F.D.R., D.T.H., O.A.-R., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre (J.B., G.A.W.), and the Division of Cardiac Surgery (V.C.), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and the Faculty of Medicine (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.H., D.T.H., W.W., O.A.-R., S.M.F., K.K., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine (R.M., J.H., S.M.F., K.K.), the School of Epidemiology and Public Health (P.D.S.), and the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, the Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto (A.M.), and the Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (A.A.) \u2014 all in Canada; the Division of Critical Care, Tufts Medical Center, Boston (J.A.M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (T.S.); and H\u00f4pital Cardiologique du Haut L\u00e9v\u00ea..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Bernick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the CAPITAL Research Group, Division of Cardiology (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.A.M., T.S., F.D.R., D.T.H., O.A.-R., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre (J.B., G.A.W.), and the Division of Cardiac Surgery (V.C.), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and the Faculty of Medicine (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.H., D.T.H., W.W., O.A.-R., S.M.F., K.K., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine (R.M., J.H., S.M.F., K.K.), the School of Epidemiology and Public Health (P.D.S.), and the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, the Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto (A.M.), and the Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (A.A.) \u2014 all in Canada; the Division of Critical Care, Tufts Medical Center, Boston (J.A.M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (T.S.); and H\u00f4pital Cardiologique du Haut L\u00e9v\u00ea..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George A.","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the CAPITAL Research Group, Division of Cardiology (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.A.M., T.S., F.D.R., D.T.H., O.A.-R., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre (J.B., G.A.W.), and the Division of Cardiac Surgery (V.C.), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and the Faculty of Medicine (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.H., D.T.H., W.W., O.A.-R., S.M.F., K.K., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine (R.M., J.H., S.M.F., K.K.), the School of Epidemiology and Public Health (P.D.S.), and the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, the Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto (A.M.), and the Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (A.A.) \u2014 all in Canada; the Division of Critical Care, Tufts Medical Center, Boston (J.A.M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (T.S.); and H\u00f4pital Cardiologique du Haut L\u00e9v\u00ea..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the CAPITAL Research Group, Division of Cardiology (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.A.M., T.S., F.D.R., D.T.H., O.A.-R., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre (J.B., G.A.W.), and the Division of Cardiac Surgery (V.C.), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and the Faculty of Medicine (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.H., D.T.H., W.W., O.A.-R., S.M.F., K.K., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine (R.M., J.H., S.M.F., K.K.), the School of Epidemiology and Public Health (P.D.S.), and the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, the Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto (A.M.), and the Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (A.A.) \u2014 all in Canada; the Division of Critical Care, Tufts Medical Center, Boston (J.A.M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (T.S.); and H\u00f4pital Cardiologique du Haut L\u00e9v\u00ea..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Froeschl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the CAPITAL Research Group, Division of Cardiology (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.A.M., T.S., F.D.R., D.T.H., O.A.-R., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre (J.B., G.A.W.), and the Division of Cardiac Surgery (V.C.), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and the Faculty of Medicine (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.H., D.T.H., W.W., O.A.-R., S.M.F., K.K., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine (R.M., J.H., S.M.F., K.K.), the School of Epidemiology and Public Health (P.D.S.), and the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, the Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto (A.M.), and the Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (A.A.) \u2014 all in Canada; the Division of Critical Care, Tufts Medical Center, Boston (J.A.M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (T.S.); and H\u00f4pital Cardiologique du Haut L\u00e9v\u00ea..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marino","family":"Labinaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the CAPITAL Research Group, Division of Cardiology (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.A.M., T.S., F.D.R., D.T.H., O.A.-R., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre (J.B., G.A.W.), and the Division of Cardiac Surgery (V.C.), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and the Faculty of Medicine (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.H., D.T.H., W.W., O.A.-R., S.M.F., K.K., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine (R.M., J.H., S.M.F., K.K.), the School of Epidemiology and Public Health (P.D.S.), and the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, the Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto (A.M.), and the Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (A.A.) \u2014 all in Canada; the Division of Critical Care, Tufts Medical Center, Boston (J.A.M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (T.S.); and H\u00f4pital Cardiologique du Haut L\u00e9v\u00ea..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel R.","family":"Le May","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the CAPITAL Research Group, Division of Cardiology (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.A.M., T.S., F.D.R., D.T.H., O.A.-R., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre (J.B., G.A.W.), and the Division of Cardiac Surgery (V.C.), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and the Faculty of Medicine (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.H., D.T.H., W.W., O.A.-R., S.M.F., K.K., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine (R.M., J.H., S.M.F., K.K.), the School of Epidemiology and Public Health (P.D.S.), and the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, the Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto (A.M.), and the Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (A.A.) \u2014 all in Canada; the Division of Critical Care, Tufts Medical Center, Boston (J.A.M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (T.S.); and H\u00f4pital Cardiologique du Haut L\u00e9v\u00ea..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan J.","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the CAPITAL Research Group, Division of Cardiology (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.A.M., T.S., F.D.R., D.T.H., O.A.-R., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre (J.B., G.A.W.), and the Division of Cardiac Surgery (V.C.), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and the Faculty of Medicine (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.H., D.T.H., W.W., O.A.-R., S.M.F., K.K., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine (R.M., J.H., S.M.F., K.K.), the School of Epidemiology and Public Health (P.D.S.), and the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, the Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto (A.M.), and the Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (A.A.) \u2014 all in Canada; the Division of Critical Care, Tufts Medical Center, Boston (J.A.M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (T.S.); and H\u00f4pital Cardiologique du Haut L\u00e9v\u00ea..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Hibbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the CAPITAL Research Group, Division of Cardiology (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.A.M., T.S., F.D.R., D.T.H., O.A.-R., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre (J.B., G.A.W.), and the Division of Cardiac Surgery (V.C.), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, and the Faculty of Medicine (R.M., P.D.S., R.G.J., J.H., D.T.H., W.W., O.A.-R., S.M.F., K.K., M.F., M.L., M.R.L.M., J.J.R., B.H.), the Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine (R.M., J.H., S.M.F., K.K.), the School of Epidemiology and Public Health (P.D.S.), and the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, the Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto (A.M.), and the Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (A.A.) \u2014 all in Canada; the Division of Critical Care, Tufts Medical Center, Boston (J.A.M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (T.S.); and H\u00f4pital Cardiologique du Haut L\u00e9v\u00ea..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"150","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz363"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000525"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199908263410901"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.011991"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2015.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2006.05.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31047-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw128"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e31829e8807"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181ffe0eb"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.04.051"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907118"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25011\/cim.v42i2.32813"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(87)80223-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(87)90616-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.28329"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.09.117"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2003.50"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2001.119610"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1074248418797357"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02968-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.03.051"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071659"}],"container-title":["New England Journal of Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2026845","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T19:32:18Z","timestamp":1749670338000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2026845"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,5]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1056\/NEJMoa2026845"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmoa2026845","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-4793","1533-4406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-4793","type":"print"},{"value":"1533-4406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,5]]}}}