{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T11:43:45Z","timestamp":1793447025838,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Massachusetts Medical Society","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]],"date-time":"2021-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nejmgroup.org\/legal\/terms-of-use.htm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011022","name":"Vertex Pharmaceuticals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011022","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["N Engl J Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]]},"DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa2100665","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]],"date-time":"2021-08-25T17:01:56Z","timestamp":1629910916000},"page":"815-825","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":286,"title":["Triple Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis\n                    <i>Phe508del<\/i>\n                    \u2013Gating and \u2013Residual Function Genotypes"],"prefix":"10.1056","volume":"385","author":[{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Barry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (P.J.B.); Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, the Berlin Institute of Health, and the German Center for Lung Research, Berlin (M.A.M.), and the Division of Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medicine Essen\u2013Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg\u2013Essen, Essen (S.S.) \u2014 all in Germany; Vall d\u2019Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (A.A.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and the University of Milan \u2014 both in Milan (C.C.); Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital\u2013University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (K.M.W.-G.); Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Centre\u2013Universit\u00e9 de Paris H\u00f4pital Cochin AP-HP, Paris (I.F.); Rainbow Babies and Children\u2019s Hospital, Cleveland (K.A.M.); St. Vincent\u2019s University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital, Seattle (B.W.R.); National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toront..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus A.","family":"Mall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (P.J.B.); Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, the Berlin Institute of Health, and the German Center for Lung Research, Berlin (M.A.M.), and the Division of Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medicine Essen\u2013Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg\u2013Essen, Essen (S.S.) \u2014 all in Germany; Vall d\u2019Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (A.A.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and the University of Milan \u2014 both in Milan (C.C.); Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital\u2013University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (K.M.W.-G.); Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Centre\u2013Universit\u00e9 de Paris H\u00f4pital Cochin AP-HP, Paris (I.F.); Rainbow Babies and Children\u2019s Hospital, Cleveland (K.A.M.); St. Vincent\u2019s University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital, Seattle (B.W.R.); National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toront..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (P.J.B.); Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, the Berlin Institute of Health, and the German Center for Lung Research, Berlin (M.A.M.), and the Division of Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medicine Essen\u2013Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg\u2013Essen, Essen (S.S.) \u2014 all in Germany; Vall d\u2019Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (A.A.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and the University of Milan \u2014 both in Milan (C.C.); Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital\u2013University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (K.M.W.-G.); Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Centre\u2013Universit\u00e9 de Paris H\u00f4pital Cochin AP-HP, Paris (I.F.); Rainbow Babies and Children\u2019s Hospital, Cleveland (K.A.M.); St. Vincent\u2019s University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital, Seattle (B.W.R.); National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toront..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Colombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (P.J.B.); Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, the Berlin Institute of Health, and the German Center for Lung Research, Berlin (M.A.M.), and the Division of Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medicine Essen\u2013Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg\u2013Essen, Essen (S.S.) \u2014 all in Germany; Vall d\u2019Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (A.A.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and the University of Milan \u2014 both in Milan (C.C.); Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital\u2013University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (K.M.W.-G.); Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Centre\u2013Universit\u00e9 de Paris H\u00f4pital Cochin AP-HP, Paris (I.F.); Rainbow Babies and Children\u2019s Hospital, Cleveland (K.A.M.); St. Vincent\u2019s University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital, Seattle (B.W.R.); National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toront..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin M.","family":"de Winter-de Groot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (P.J.B.); Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, the Berlin Institute of Health, and the German Center for Lung Research, Berlin (M.A.M.), and the Division of Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medicine Essen\u2013Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg\u2013Essen, Essen (S.S.) \u2014 all in Germany; Vall d\u2019Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (A.A.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and the University of Milan \u2014 both in Milan (C.C.); Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital\u2013University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (K.M.W.-G.); Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Centre\u2013Universit\u00e9 de Paris H\u00f4pital Cochin AP-HP, Paris (I.F.); Rainbow Babies and Children\u2019s Hospital, Cleveland (K.A.M.); St. Vincent\u2019s University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital, Seattle (B.W.R.); National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toront..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Fajac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (P.J.B.); Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, the Berlin Institute of Health, and the German Center for Lung Research, Berlin (M.A.M.), and the Division of Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medicine Essen\u2013Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg\u2013Essen, Essen (S.S.) \u2014 all in Germany; Vall d\u2019Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (A.A.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and the University of Milan \u2014 both in Milan (C.C.); Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital\u2013University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (K.M.W.-G.); Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Centre\u2013Universit\u00e9 de Paris H\u00f4pital Cochin AP-HP, Paris (I.F.); Rainbow Babies and Children\u2019s Hospital, Cleveland (K.A.M.); St. Vincent\u2019s University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital, Seattle (B.W.R.); National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toront..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly A.","family":"McBennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (P.J.B.); Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, the Berlin Institute of Health, and the German Center for Lung Research, Berlin (M.A.M.), and the Division of Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medicine Essen\u2013Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg\u2013Essen, Essen (S.S.) \u2014 all in Germany; Vall d\u2019Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (A.A.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and the University of Milan \u2014 both in Milan (C.C.); Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital\u2013University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (K.M.W.-G.); Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Centre\u2013Universit\u00e9 de Paris H\u00f4pital Cochin AP-HP, Paris (I.F.); Rainbow Babies and Children\u2019s Hospital, Cleveland (K.A.M.); St. Vincent\u2019s University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital, Seattle (B.W.R.); National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toront..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward F.","family":"McKone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (P.J.B.); Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, the Berlin Institute of Health, and the German Center for Lung Research, Berlin (M.A.M.), and the Division of Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medicine Essen\u2013Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg\u2013Essen, Essen (S.S.) \u2014 all in Germany; Vall d\u2019Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (A.A.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and the University of Milan \u2014 both in Milan (C.C.); Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital\u2013University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (K.M.W.-G.); Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Centre\u2013Universit\u00e9 de Paris H\u00f4pital Cochin AP-HP, Paris (I.F.); Rainbow Babies and Children\u2019s Hospital, Cleveland (K.A.M.); St. Vincent\u2019s University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital, Seattle (B.W.R.); National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toront..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bonnie W.","family":"Ramsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (P.J.B.); Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, the Berlin Institute of Health, and the German Center for Lung Research, Berlin (M.A.M.), and the Division of Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medicine Essen\u2013Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg\u2013Essen, Essen (S.S.) \u2014 all in Germany; 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Vall d\u2019Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (A.A.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and the University of Milan \u2014 both in Milan (C.C.); Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital\u2013University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (K.M.W.-G.); Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Centre\u2013Universit\u00e9 de Paris H\u00f4pital Cochin AP-HP, Paris (I.F.); Rainbow Babies and Children\u2019s Hospital, Cleveland (K.A.M.); St. Vincent\u2019s University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital, Seattle (B.W.R.); National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toront..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Taylor-Cousar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (P.J.B.); Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, the Berlin Institute of Health, and the German Center for Lung Research, Berlin (M.A.M.), and the Division of Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medicine Essen\u2013Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg\u2013Essen, Essen (S.S.) \u2014 all in Germany; Vall d\u2019Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (A.A.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and the University of Milan \u2014 both in Milan (C.C.); Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital\u2013University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (K.M.W.-G.); Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Centre\u2013Universit\u00e9 de Paris H\u00f4pital Cochin AP-HP, Paris (I.F.); Rainbow Babies and Children\u2019s Hospital, Cleveland (K.A.M.); St. Vincent\u2019s University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital, Seattle (B.W.R.); National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toront..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Tullis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (P.J.B.); Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, the Berlin Institute of Health, and the German Center for Lung Research, Berlin (M.A.M.), and the Division of Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medicine Essen\u2013Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg\u2013Essen, Essen (S.S.) \u2014 all in Germany; Vall d\u2019Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (A.A.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and the University of Milan \u2014 both in Milan (C.C.); Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital\u2013University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (K.M.W.-G.); Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Centre\u2013Universit\u00e9 de Paris H\u00f4pital Cochin AP-HP, Paris (I.F.); Rainbow Babies and Children\u2019s Hospital, Cleveland (K.A.M.); St. Vincent\u2019s University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital, Seattle (B.W.R.); National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toront..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Ahluwalia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (P.J.B.); Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, the Berlin Institute of Health, and the German Center for Lung Research, Berlin (M.A.M.), and the Division of Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medicine Essen\u2013Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg\u2013Essen, Essen (S.S.) \u2014 all in Germany; Vall d\u2019Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (A.A.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and the University of Milan \u2014 both in Milan (C.C.); Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital\u2013University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (K.M.W.-G.); Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Centre\u2013Universit\u00e9 de Paris H\u00f4pital Cochin AP-HP, Paris (I.F.); Rainbow Babies and Children\u2019s Hospital, Cleveland (K.A.M.); St. Vincent\u2019s University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital, Seattle (B.W.R.); National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toront..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy S.","family":"Jun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (P.J.B.); Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, the Berlin Institute of Health, and the German Center for Lung Research, Berlin (M.A.M.), and the Division of Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medicine Essen\u2013Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg\u2013Essen, Essen (S.S.) \u2014 all in Germany; Vall d\u2019Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (A.A.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and the University of Milan \u2014 both in Milan (C.C.); Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital\u2013University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (K.M.W.-G.); Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Centre\u2013Universit\u00e9 de Paris H\u00f4pital Cochin AP-HP, Paris (I.F.); Rainbow Babies and Children\u2019s Hospital, Cleveland (K.A.M.); St. Vincent\u2019s University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital, Seattle (B.W.R.); National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toront..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel M.","family":"Moskowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (P.J.B.); Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, the Berlin Institute of Health, and the German Center for Lung Research, Berlin (M.A.M.), and the Division of Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medicine Essen\u2013Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg\u2013Essen, Essen (S.S.) \u2014 all in Germany; 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Vall d\u2019Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (A.A.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and the University of Milan \u2014 both in Milan (C.C.); Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital\u2013University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (K.M.W.-G.); Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Centre\u2013Universit\u00e9 de Paris H\u00f4pital Cochin AP-HP, Paris (I.F.); Rainbow Babies and Children\u2019s Hospital, Cleveland (K.A.M.); St. Vincent\u2019s University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital, Seattle (B.W.R.); National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toront..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (P.J.B.); Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, the Berlin Institute of Health, and the German Center for Lung Research, Berlin (M.A.M.), and the Division of Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medicine Essen\u2013Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg\u2013Essen, Essen (S.S.) \u2014 all in Germany; Vall d\u2019Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (A.A.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and the University of Milan \u2014 both in Milan (C.C.); Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital\u2013University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (K.M.W.-G.); Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Centre\u2013Universit\u00e9 de Paris H\u00f4pital Cochin AP-HP, Paris (I.F.); Rainbow Babies and Children\u2019s Hospital, Cleveland (K.A.M.); St. Vincent\u2019s University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital, Seattle (B.W.R.); National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toront..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Waltz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (P.J.B.); Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, the Berlin Institute of Health, and the German Center for Lung Research, Berlin (M.A.M.), and the Division of Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medicine Essen\u2013Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg\u2013Essen, Essen (S.S.) \u2014 all in Germany; 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