{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T18:20:49Z","timestamp":1790014849250,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Massachusetts Medical Society","issue":"25","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]],"date-time":"2021-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nejmgroup.org\/legal\/terms-of-use.htm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["N Engl J Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]]},"DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa2106599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]],"date-time":"2021-09-22T17:05:29Z","timestamp":1632330329000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":254,"title":["Effectiveness of mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine among U.S. Health Care Personnel"],"prefix":"10.1056","volume":"385","author":[{"given":"Tamara","family":"Pilishvili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Gierke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine E.","family":"Fleming-Dutra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Farrar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas M.","family":"Mohr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Talan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anusha","family":"Krishnadasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karisa K.","family":"Harland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard A.","family":"Smithline","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter C.","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilly C.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen C.","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory J.","family":"Moran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Krebs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark T.","family":"Steele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David G.","family":"Beiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brett","family":"Faine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"Haran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Utsav","family":"Nandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter A.","family":"Schrading","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Chinnock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Henning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Lovecchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4985-3245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devra","family":"Barter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Brackney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott K.","family":"Fridkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaytlynn","family":"Marceaux-Galli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin C.","family":"Phipps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghinwa","family":"Dumyati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Pierce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiffanie M.","family":"Markus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deverick J.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda K.","family":"Debes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael Y.","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanmarie","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennie H.","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasia","family":"Safdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosalyn","family":"Singleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"Chea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelley S.","family":"Magill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer R.","family":"Verani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie J.","family":"Schrag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Covid-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (T.P., R.G., K.E.F.-D., J.L.F., M.F., N.C., S.S.M., J.R.V., S.J.S.), and the Georgia Emerging Infections Program and Emory University School of Medicine (S.K.F.) \u2014 both in Atlanta; the University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M.M., D.A.T., K.K.H., B.F.); Olive View and University of California Los Angeles Ronald Reagan Medical Centers, Los Angeles (D.A.T., A.K., G.J.M.), the University of California San Francisco, Fresno (B.C.), and the California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland (J.L.); Baystate Medical Center, Springfield (H.A.S.), Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston (P.C.H.), and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (J.P.H.) \u2014 all in Massachusetts; Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami (L.C.L.); University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans (S.C.L.); Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia (E.K.); Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas Cit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"150","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00790-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration. 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