{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T23:02:13Z","timestamp":1791500533749,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Massachusetts Medical Society","issue":"25","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,22]],"date-time":"2023-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687392000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nejmgroup.org\/legal\/terms-of-use.htm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010877","name":"ViiV Healthcare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Investigator Initiated Trial - study 212984"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Investigator Initiated Trial - study 212984"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010877","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["N Engl J Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,22]]},"DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa2210005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T21:01:06Z","timestamp":1687381266000},"page":"2349-2359","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Second-Line Switch to Dolutegravir for Treatment of HIV Infection"],"prefix":"10.1056","volume":"388","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4632-8792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loice A.","family":"Ombajo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics (L.A.O., J.P., J.N., J.M., M.M., C.O.) and the Center for Epidemiological Modeling and Analysis (L.A.O.), University of Nairobi, the Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Strathmore University (C.O.), Kenyatta National Hospital (R.N., S.W., P.M., S.E.), and the National AIDS and STI Control Program, Ministry of Health (M.K., C.N.), Nairobi, and Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kisumu (F.N., R.A.) \u2014 all in Kenya; the Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.P.); and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London (A.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Penner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics (L.A.O., J.P., J.N., J.M., M.M., C.O.) and the Center for Epidemiological Modeling and Analysis (L.A.O.), University of Nairobi, the Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Strathmore University (C.O.), Kenyatta National Hospital (R.N., S.W., P.M., S.E.), and the National AIDS and STI Control Program, Ministry of Health (M.K., C.N.), Nairobi, and Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kisumu (F.N., R.A.) \u2014 all in Kenya; the Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.P.); and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London (A.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Nkuranga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics (L.A.O., J.P., J.N., J.M., M.M., C.O.) and the Center for Epidemiological Modeling and Analysis (L.A.O.), University of Nairobi, the Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Strathmore University (C.O.), Kenyatta National Hospital (R.N., S.W., P.M., S.E.), and the National AIDS and STI Control Program, Ministry of Health (M.K., C.N.), Nairobi, and Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kisumu (F.N., R.A.) \u2014 all in Kenya; the Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.P.); and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London (A.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jared","family":"Mecha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics (L.A.O., J.P., J.N., J.M., M.M., C.O.) and the Center for Epidemiological Modeling and Analysis (L.A.O.), University of Nairobi, the Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Strathmore University (C.O.), Kenyatta National Hospital (R.N., S.W., P.M., S.E.), and the National AIDS and STI Control Program, Ministry of Health (M.K., C.N.), Nairobi, and Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kisumu (F.N., R.A.) \u2014 all in Kenya; the Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.P.); and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London (A.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Mburu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics (L.A.O., J.P., J.N., J.M., M.M., C.O.) and the Center for Epidemiological Modeling and Analysis (L.A.O.), University of Nairobi, the Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Strathmore University (C.O.), Kenyatta National Hospital (R.N., S.W., P.M., S.E.), and the National AIDS and STI Control Program, Ministry of Health (M.K., C.N.), Nairobi, and Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kisumu (F.N., R.A.) \u2014 all in Kenya; the Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.P.); and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London (A.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Collins","family":"Odhiambo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics (L.A.O., J.P., J.N., J.M., M.M., C.O.) and the Center for Epidemiological Modeling and Analysis (L.A.O.), University of Nairobi, the Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Strathmore University (C.O.), Kenyatta National Hospital (R.N., S.W., P.M., S.E.), and the National AIDS and STI Control Program, Ministry of Health (M.K., C.N.), Nairobi, and Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kisumu (F.N., R.A.) \u2014 all in Kenya; the Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.P.); and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London (A.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florentius","family":"Ndinya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics (L.A.O., J.P., J.N., J.M., M.M., C.O.) and the Center for Epidemiological Modeling and Analysis (L.A.O.), University of Nairobi, the Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Strathmore University (C.O.), Kenyatta National Hospital (R.N., S.W., P.M., S.E.), and the National AIDS and STI Control Program, Ministry of Health (M.K., C.N.), Nairobi, and Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kisumu (F.N., R.A.) \u2014 all in Kenya; the Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.P.); and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London (A.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rukia","family":"Aksam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics (L.A.O., J.P., J.N., J.M., M.M., C.O.) and the Center for Epidemiological Modeling and Analysis (L.A.O.), University of Nairobi, the Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Strathmore University (C.O.), Kenyatta National Hospital (R.N., S.W., P.M., S.E.), and the National AIDS and STI Control Program, Ministry of Health (M.K., C.N.), Nairobi, and Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kisumu (F.N., R.A.) \u2014 all in Kenya; the Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.P.); and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London (A.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Njenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics (L.A.O., J.P., J.N., J.M., M.M., C.O.) and the Center for Epidemiological Modeling and Analysis (L.A.O.), University of Nairobi, the Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Strathmore University (C.O.), Kenyatta National Hospital (R.N., S.W., P.M., S.E.), and the National AIDS and STI Control Program, Ministry of Health (M.K., C.N.), Nairobi, and Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kisumu (F.N., R.A.) \u2014 all in Kenya; the Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.P.); and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London (A.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Wahome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics (L.A.O., J.P., J.N., J.M., M.M., C.O.) and the Center for Epidemiological Modeling and Analysis (L.A.O.), University of Nairobi, the Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Strathmore University (C.O.), Kenyatta National Hospital (R.N., S.W., P.M., S.E.), and the National AIDS and STI Control Program, Ministry of Health (M.K., C.N.), Nairobi, and Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kisumu (F.N., R.A.) \u2014 all in Kenya; the Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.P.); and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London (A.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Muiruri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics (L.A.O., J.P., J.N., J.M., M.M., C.O.) and the Center for Epidemiological Modeling and Analysis (L.A.O.), University of Nairobi, the Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Strathmore University (C.O.), Kenyatta National Hospital (R.N., S.W., P.M., S.E.), and the National AIDS and STI Control Program, Ministry of Health (M.K., C.N.), Nairobi, and Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kisumu (F.N., R.A.) \u2014 all in Kenya; the Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.P.); and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London (A.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheila","family":"Eshiwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics (L.A.O., J.P., J.N., J.M., M.M., C.O.) and the Center for Epidemiological Modeling and Analysis (L.A.O.), University of Nairobi, the Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Strathmore University (C.O.), Kenyatta National Hospital (R.N., S.W., P.M., S.E.), and the National AIDS and STI Control Program, Ministry of Health (M.K., C.N.), Nairobi, and Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kisumu (F.N., R.A.) \u2014 all in Kenya; the Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.P.); and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London (A.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"Kimani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics (L.A.O., J.P., J.N., J.M., M.M., C.O.) and the Center for Epidemiological Modeling and Analysis (L.A.O.), University of Nairobi, the Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Strathmore University (C.O.), Kenyatta National Hospital (R.N., S.W., P.M., S.E.), and the National AIDS and STI Control Program, Ministry of Health (M.K., C.N.), Nairobi, and Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kisumu (F.N., R.A.) \u2014 all in Kenya; the Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.P.); and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London (A.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Ngugi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics (L.A.O., J.P., J.N., J.M., M.M., C.O.) and the Center for Epidemiological Modeling and Analysis (L.A.O.), University of Nairobi, the Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Strathmore University (C.O.), Kenyatta National Hospital (R.N., S.W., P.M., S.E.), and the National AIDS and STI Control Program, Ministry of Health (M.K., C.N.), Nairobi, and Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kisumu (F.N., R.A.) \u2014 all in Kenya; the Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.P.); and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London (A.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anton","family":"Pozniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics (L.A.O., J.P., J.N., J.M., M.M., C.O.) and the Center for Epidemiological Modeling and Analysis (L.A.O.), University of Nairobi, the Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Strathmore University (C.O.), Kenyatta National Hospital (R.N., S.W., P.M., S.E.), and the National AIDS and STI Control Program, Ministry of Health (M.K., C.N.), Nairobi, and Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kisumu (F.N., R.A.) \u2014 all in Kenya; the Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.P.); and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London (A.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"150","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Consolidated guidelines on HIV prevention testing treatment service delivery and monitoring: recommendations for a public health approach. July 16 2021 (https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240031593)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection: recommendations for a public health approach second edition. June 1 2016 (https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241549684)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Kenya. Guidelines on use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing hiv infection in Kenya: 2018 ed. 2018 (http:\/\/cquin.icap.columbia.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/ICAP_CQUIN_Kenya-ARV-Guidelines-2018-Final_20thAug2018.pdf)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","unstructured":"Kenya national viral load dashboard: National AIDS & STI Control Program Ministry of Health (MoH) Kenya; Available from: https:\/\/viralload.nascop.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12297"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu046"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000027460"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30036-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2101609"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001675"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP3166"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration. Human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection: developing antiretroviral drugs for treatment: November 2015. August 24 2018 (https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/files\/drugs\/published\/Human-Immunodeficiency-Virus-1-Infection\u2013Developing-Antiretroviral-Drugs-for-Treatment.pdf)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health. Division of AIDS (DAIDS) table for grading the severity of adult and pediatric adverse events corrected version 2.1 July 2017. September 17 2017 (https:\/\/rsc.niaid.nih.gov\/clinical-research-sites\/grading-severity-adult-pediatric-adverse-events-corrected-version-two-one)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(15)00027-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(17)30095-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60084-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","unstructured":"Mulenga L Fwoloshi S Mweemba A et al. Dolutegravir with recycled nRTIs is noninferior to pi-based art: VISEND trial. In: Proceedings and Abstracts of the 2022 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections February 12\u201316 2022. Virtual: International Antiviral Society 2022. abstract."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05672-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","unstructured":"Ombajo L.A . Penner J Nkuranga J Mecha J. Ndinya F Aksam R et al. Successfully (and safely) enrolling a multi-center HIV antiretroviral clinical trial during the COVID-19 pandemic: lessons learned from Kenya. In: Proceedings and Abstracts of the 2021 Annual Meeting of the International AIDS Society July 18\u201321 2021. Berlin: International AIDS Society 2021. abstract."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(22)00092-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IMCRJ.S323233"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx365"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-022-00442-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1902824"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz999"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000800"}],"container-title":["New England Journal of Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2210005","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T22:54:52Z","timestamp":1749682492000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2210005"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,22]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"25","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,22]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1056\/NEJMoa2210005"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmoa2210005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-4793","1533-4406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-4793","type":"print"},{"value":"1533-4406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,22]]}}}