{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T06:52:05Z","timestamp":1792047125774,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Massachusetts Medical Society","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nejmgroup.org\/legal\/terms-of-use.htm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001922","name":"Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR EME reference 16\/35\/01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR EME reference 16\/35\/01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001922","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008871","name":"Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation United States of America","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#2-RSC-2019-828-M-N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2-RSC-2019-828-M-N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008871","name":"Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation United States of America","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#22-2013-266"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#22-2013-266"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000273","name":"Diabetes Research and Wellness Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Sutherland-Earl Fellowship (reference SECF\/21)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Sutherland-Earl Fellowship (reference SECF\/21)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000273","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["N Engl J Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]]},"DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa2303911","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T09:45:22Z","timestamp":1696499122000},"page":"1566-1578","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":231,"title":["Automated Insulin Delivery in Women with Pregnancy Complicated by Type 1 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1056","volume":"389","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6591-6421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tara T.M.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (T.T.M.L., H.R.M.) and the Norwich Clinical Trials Unit (C.C., E.F., M.H., L.S.), Norwich Medical School (T.T.M.L., H.R.M.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (S.H.), and the Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge (M.E.W., R.H.), Cambridge, the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds (E.M.S.), the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (R.S.L.), King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London (K.F.H.), the Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (D.R.M.), Barnard Health Research, Southampton (K.B.-K.), and the Usher Institute (D.R., J.L.) and the Centre for Cardiovascular Science (R.M.R.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh \u2014 all in the United Kingdom; and the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, FL (S.B., J.S., C.K., R...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corinne","family":"Collett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (T.T.M.L., H.R.M.) and the Norwich Clinical Trials Unit (C.C., E.F., M.H., L.S.), Norwich Medical School (T.T.M.L., H.R.M.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (S.H.), and the Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge (M.E.W., R.H.), Cambridge, the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds (E.M.S.), the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (R.S.L.), King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London (K.F.H.), the Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (D.R.M.), Barnard Health Research, Southampton (K.B.-K.), and the Usher Institute (D.R., J.L.) and the Centre for Cardiovascular Science (R.M.R.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh \u2014 all in the United Kingdom; and the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, FL (S.B., J.S., C.K., R...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Bergford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (T.T.M.L., H.R.M.) and the Norwich Clinical Trials Unit (C.C., E.F., M.H., L.S.), Norwich Medical School (T.T.M.L., H.R.M.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (S.H.), and the Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge (M.E.W., R.H.), Cambridge, the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds (E.M.S.), the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (R.S.L.), King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London (K.F.H.), the Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (D.R.M.), Barnard Health Research, Southampton (K.B.-K.), and the Usher Institute (D.R., J.L.) and the Centre for Cardiovascular Science (R.M.R.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh \u2014 all in the United Kingdom; and the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, FL (S.B., J.S., C.K., R...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Hartnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (T.T.M.L., H.R.M.) and the Norwich Clinical Trials Unit (C.C., E.F., M.H., L.S.), Norwich Medical School (T.T.M.L., H.R.M.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (S.H.), and the Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge (M.E.W., R.H.), Cambridge, the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds (E.M.S.), the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (R.S.L.), King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London (K.F.H.), the Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (D.R.M.), Barnard Health Research, Southampton (K.B.-K.), and the Usher Institute (D.R., J.L.) and the Centre for Cardiovascular Science (R.M.R.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh \u2014 all in the United Kingdom; and the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, FL (S.B., J.S., C.K., R...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5395-8261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleanor M.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (T.T.M.L., H.R.M.) and the Norwich Clinical Trials Unit (C.C., E.F., M.H., L.S.), Norwich Medical School (T.T.M.L., H.R.M.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (S.H.), and the Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge (M.E.W., R.H.), Cambridge, the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds (E.M.S.), the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (R.S.L.), King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London (K.F.H.), the Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (D.R.M.), Barnard Health Research, Southampton (K.B.-K.), and the Usher Institute (D.R., J.L.) and the Centre for Cardiovascular Science (R.M.R.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh \u2014 all in the United Kingdom; and the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, FL (S.B., J.S., C.K., R...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert S.","family":"Lindsay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (T.T.M.L., H.R.M.) and the Norwich Clinical Trials Unit (C.C., E.F., M.H., L.S.), Norwich Medical School (T.T.M.L., H.R.M.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (S.H.), and the Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge (M.E.W., R.H.), Cambridge, the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds (E.M.S.), the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (R.S.L.), King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London (K.F.H.), the Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (D.R.M.), Barnard Health Research, Southampton (K.B.-K.), and the Usher Institute (D.R., J.L.) and the Centre for Cardiovascular Science (R.M.R.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh \u2014 all in the United Kingdom; and the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, FL (S.B., J.S., C.K., R...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharine F.","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (T.T.M.L., H.R.M.) and the Norwich Clinical Trials Unit (C.C., E.F., M.H., L.S.), Norwich Medical School (T.T.M.L., H.R.M.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (S.H.), and the Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge (M.E.W., R.H.), Cambridge, the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds (E.M.S.), the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (R.S.L.), King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London (K.F.H.), the Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (D.R.M.), Barnard Health Research, Southampton (K.B.-K.), and the Usher Institute (D.R., J.L.) and the Centre for Cardiovascular Science (R.M.R.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh \u2014 all in the United Kingdom; and the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, FL (S.B., J.S., C.K., R...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"McCance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (T.T.M.L., H.R.M.) and the Norwich Clinical Trials Unit (C.C., E.F., M.H., L.S.), Norwich Medical School (T.T.M.L., H.R.M.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (S.H.), and the Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge (M.E.W., R.H.), Cambridge, the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds (E.M.S.), the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (R.S.L.), King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London (K.F.H.), the Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (D.R.M.), Barnard Health Research, Southampton (K.B.-K.), and the Usher Institute (D.R., J.L.) and the Centre for Cardiovascular Science (R.M.R.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh \u2014 all in the United Kingdom; and the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, FL (S.B., J.S., C.K., R...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharine","family":"Barnard-Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (T.T.M.L., H.R.M.) and the Norwich Clinical Trials Unit (C.C., E.F., M.H., L.S.), Norwich Medical School (T.T.M.L., H.R.M.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (S.H.), and the Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge (M.E.W., R.H.), Cambridge, the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds (E.M.S.), the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (R.S.L.), King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London (K.F.H.), the Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (D.R.M.), Barnard Health Research, Southampton (K.B.-K.), and the Usher Institute (D.R., J.L.) and the Centre for Cardiovascular Science (R.M.R.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh \u2014 all in the United Kingdom; and the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, FL (S.B., J.S., C.K., R...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Rankin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (T.T.M.L., H.R.M.) and the Norwich Clinical Trials Unit (C.C., E.F., M.H., L.S.), Norwich Medical School (T.T.M.L., H.R.M.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (S.H.), and the Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge (M.E.W., R.H.), Cambridge, the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds (E.M.S.), the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (R.S.L.), King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London (K.F.H.), the Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (D.R.M.), Barnard Health Research, Southampton (K.B.-K.), and the Usher Institute (D.R., J.L.) and the Centre for Cardiovascular Science (R.M.R.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh \u2014 all in the United Kingdom; and the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, FL (S.B., J.S., C.K., R...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Lawton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (T.T.M.L., H.R.M.) and the Norwich Clinical Trials Unit (C.C., E.F., M.H., L.S.), Norwich Medical School (T.T.M.L., H.R.M.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (S.H.), and the Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge (M.E.W., R.H.), Cambridge, the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds (E.M.S.), the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (R.S.L.), King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London (K.F.H.), the Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (D.R.M.), Barnard Health Research, Southampton (K.B.-K.), and the Usher Institute (D.R., J.L.) and the Centre for Cardiovascular Science (R.M.R.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh \u2014 all in the United Kingdom; and the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, FL (S.B., J.S., C.K., R...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca M.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (T.T.M.L., H.R.M.) and the Norwich Clinical Trials Unit (C.C., E.F., M.H., L.S.), Norwich Medical School (T.T.M.L., H.R.M.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (S.H.), and the Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge (M.E.W., R.H.), Cambridge, the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds (E.M.S.), the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (R.S.L.), King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London (K.F.H.), the Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (D.R.M.), Barnard Health Research, Southampton (K.B.-K.), and the Usher Institute (D.R., J.L.) and the Centre for Cardiovascular Science (R.M.R.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh \u2014 all in the United Kingdom; and the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, FL (S.B., J.S., C.K., R...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Flanagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (T.T.M.L., H.R.M.) and the Norwich Clinical Trials Unit (C.C., E.F., M.H., L.S.), Norwich Medical School (T.T.M.L., H.R.M.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (S.H.), and the Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge (M.E.W., R.H.), Cambridge, the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds (E.M.S.), the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (R.S.L.), King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London (K.F.H.), the Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (D.R.M.), Barnard Health Research, Southampton (K.B.-K.), and the Usher Institute (D.R., J.L.) and the Centre for Cardiovascular Science (R.M.R.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh \u2014 all in the United Kingdom; and the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, FL (S.B., J.S., C.K., R...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0739-3412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Hammond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (T.T.M.L., H.R.M.) and the Norwich Clinical Trials Unit (C.C., E.F., M.H., L.S.), Norwich Medical School (T.T.M.L., H.R.M.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (S.H.), and the Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge (M.E.W., R.H.), Cambridge, the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds (E.M.S.), the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (R.S.L.), King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London (K.F.H.), the Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (D.R.M.), Barnard Health Research, Southampton (K.B.-K.), and the Usher Institute (D.R., J.L.) and the Centre for Cardiovascular Science (R.M.R.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh \u2014 all in the United Kingdom; and the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, FL (S.B., J.S., C.K., R...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee","family":"Shepstone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (T.T.M.L., H.R.M.) and the Norwich Clinical Trials Unit (C.C., E.F., M.H., L.S.), Norwich Medical School (T.T.M.L., H.R.M.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (S.H.), and the Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge (M.E.W., R.H.), Cambridge, the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds (E.M.S.), the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (R.S.L.), King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London (K.F.H.), the Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (D.R.M.), Barnard Health Research, Southampton (K.B.-K.), and the Usher Institute (D.R., J.L.) and the Centre for Cardiovascular Science (R.M.R.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh \u2014 all in the United Kingdom; and the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, FL (S.B., J.S., C.K., R...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malgorzata E.","family":"Wilinska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (T.T.M.L., H.R.M.) and the Norwich Clinical Trials Unit (C.C., E.F., M.H., L.S.), Norwich Medical School (T.T.M.L., H.R.M.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (S.H.), and the Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge (M.E.W., R.H.), Cambridge, the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds (E.M.S.), the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (R.S.L.), King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London (K.F.H.), the Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (D.R.M.), Barnard Health Research, Southampton (K.B.-K.), and the Usher Institute (D.R., J.L.) and the Centre for Cardiovascular Science (R.M.R.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh \u2014 all in the United Kingdom; and the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, FL (S.B., J.S., C.K., R...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judy","family":"Sibayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (T.T.M.L., H.R.M.) and the Norwich Clinical Trials Unit (C.C., E.F., M.H., L.S.), Norwich Medical School (T.T.M.L., H.R.M.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (S.H.), and the Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge (M.E.W., R.H.), Cambridge, the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds (E.M.S.), the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (R.S.L.), King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London (K.F.H.), the Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (D.R.M.), Barnard Health Research, Southampton (K.B.-K.), and the Usher Institute (D.R., J.L.) and the Centre for Cardiovascular Science (R.M.R.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh \u2014 all in the United Kingdom; and the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, FL (S.B., J.S., C.K., R...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Kollman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (T.T.M.L., H.R.M.) and the Norwich Clinical Trials Unit (C.C., E.F., M.H., L.S.), Norwich Medical School (T.T.M.L., H.R.M.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (S.H.), and the Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge (M.E.W., R.H.), Cambridge, the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds (E.M.S.), the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (R.S.L.), King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London (K.F.H.), the Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (D.R.M.), Barnard Health Research, Southampton (K.B.-K.), and the Usher Institute (D.R., J.L.) and the Centre for Cardiovascular Science (R.M.R.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh \u2014 all in the United Kingdom; and the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, FL (S.B., J.S., C.K., R...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (T.T.M.L., H.R.M.) and the Norwich Clinical Trials Unit (C.C., E.F., M.H., L.S.), Norwich Medical School (T.T.M.L., H.R.M.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (S.H.), and the Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge (M.E.W., R.H.), Cambridge, the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds (E.M.S.), the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (R.S.L.), King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London (K.F.H.), the Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (D.R.M.), Barnard Health Research, Southampton (K.B.-K.), and the Usher Institute (D.R., J.L.) and the Centre for Cardiovascular Science (R.M.R.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh \u2014 all in the United Kingdom; and the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, FL (S.B., J.S., C.K., R...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2901-461X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roman","family":"Hovorka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (T.T.M.L., H.R.M.) and the Norwich Clinical Trials Unit (C.C., E.F., M.H., L.S.), Norwich Medical School (T.T.M.L., H.R.M.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (S.H.), and the Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge (M.E.W., R.H.), Cambridge, the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds (E.M.S.), the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (R.S.L.), King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London (K.F.H.), the Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (D.R.M.), Barnard Health Research, Southampton (K.B.-K.), and the Usher Institute (D.R., J.L.) and the Centre for Cardiovascular Science (R.M.R.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh \u2014 all in the United Kingdom; and the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, FL (S.B., J.S., C.K., R...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen R.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (T.T.M.L., H.R.M.) and the Norwich Clinical Trials Unit (C.C., E.F., M.H., L.S.), Norwich Medical School (T.T.M.L., H.R.M.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (S.H.), and the Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge (M.E.W., R.H.), Cambridge, the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds (E.M.S.), the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (R.S.L.), King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London (K.F.H.), the Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (D.R.M.), Barnard Health Research, Southampton (K.B.-K.), and the Usher Institute (D.R., J.L.) and the Centre for Cardiovascular Science (R.M.R.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh \u2014 all in the United Kingdom; and the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, FL (S.B., J.S., C.K., R...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"150","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(20)30406-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(22)00307-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32400-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38043.583160.EE"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dci19-0028"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2021.0073"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2021.0112"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-0078"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2363-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-2535"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.3.554"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2012.03604.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnac022"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1602494"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-2534"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-022-04543-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsm1605385"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.15072"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2022.0479"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2111673"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2203496"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2210834"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-019-4904-3"}],"container-title":["New England Journal of Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2303911","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T18:49:46Z","timestamp":1749667786000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2303911"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1056\/NEJMoa2303911"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmoa2303911","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-4793","1533-4406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-4793","type":"print"},{"value":"1533-4406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]]}}}