{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T12:14:31Z","timestamp":1791980071340,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Massachusetts Medical Society","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nejmgroup.org\/legal\/terms-of-use.htm"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medtronic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["N Engl J Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]]},"DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa2312573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,7]],"date-time":"2024-04-07T09:45:15Z","timestamp":1712483115000},"page":"1959-1971","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":304,"title":["Self-Expanding or Balloon-Expandable TAVR in Patients with a Small Aortic Annulus"],"prefix":"10.1056","volume":"390","author":[{"given":"Howard C.","family":"Herrmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (H.C.H.) and Lankenau Heart Institute (B.R.), Philadelphia, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh (S. Bailey), and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Harrisburg (H.G.) \u2014 all in Pennsylvania; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (R.M.); Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.J.B.); St. Johannes Hospital Dortmund, Dortmund (H.M.), Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.-W.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich (H.R.), and Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Bochum (S. Bleiziffer) \u2014 all in Germany; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (W.B.A.), and the Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.A.W.) \u2014 both in Canada; Sentara Heart Hospital, Norfolk (P.D.M.), and Inova ..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roxana","family":"Mehran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (H.C.H.) and Lankenau Heart Institute (B.R.), Philadelphia, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh (S. Bailey), and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Harrisburg (H.G.) \u2014 all in Pennsylvania; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (R.M.); Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.J.B.); St. Johannes Hospital Dortmund, Dortmund (H.M.), Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.-W.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich (H.R.), and Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Bochum (S. Bleiziffer) \u2014 all in Germany; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (W.B.A.), and the Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.A.W.) \u2014 both in Canada; Sentara Heart Hospital, Norfolk (P.D.M.), and Inova ..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Blackman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (H.C.H.) and Lankenau Heart Institute (B.R.), Philadelphia, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh (S. Bailey), and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Harrisburg (H.G.) \u2014 all in Pennsylvania; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (R.M.); Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.J.B.); St. Johannes Hospital Dortmund, Dortmund (H.M.), Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.-W.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich (H.R.), and Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Bochum (S. Bleiziffer) \u2014 all in Germany; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (W.B.A.), and the Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.A.W.) \u2014 both in Canada; Sentara Heart Hospital, Norfolk (P.D.M.), and Inova ..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (H.C.H.) and Lankenau Heart Institute (B.R.), Philadelphia, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh (S. Bailey), and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Harrisburg (H.G.) \u2014 all in Pennsylvania; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (R.M.); Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.J.B.); St. Johannes Hospital Dortmund, Dortmund (H.M.), Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.-W.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich (H.R.), and Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Bochum (S. Bleiziffer) \u2014 all in Germany; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (W.B.A.), and the Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.A.W.) \u2014 both in Canada; Sentara Heart Hospital, Norfolk (P.D.M.), and Inova ..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helge","family":"M\u00f6llmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (H.C.H.) and Lankenau Heart Institute (B.R.), Philadelphia, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh (S. Bailey), and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Harrisburg (H.G.) \u2014 all in Pennsylvania; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (R.M.); Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.J.B.); St. Johannes Hospital Dortmund, Dortmund (H.M.), Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.-W.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich (H.R.), and Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Bochum (S. Bleiziffer) \u2014 all in Germany; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (W.B.A.), and the Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.A.W.) \u2014 both in Canada; Sentara Heart Hospital, Norfolk (P.D.M.), and Inova ..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Abdel-Wahab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (H.C.H.) and Lankenau Heart Institute (B.R.), Philadelphia, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh (S. Bailey), and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Harrisburg (H.G.) \u2014 all in Pennsylvania; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (R.M.); Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.J.B.); St. Johannes Hospital Dortmund, Dortmund (H.M.), Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.-W.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich (H.R.), and Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Bochum (S. Bleiziffer) \u2014 all in Germany; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (W.B.A.), and the Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.A.W.) \u2014 both in Canada; Sentara Heart Hospital, Norfolk (P.D.M.), and Inova ..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walid","family":"Ben Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (H.C.H.) and Lankenau Heart Institute (B.R.), Philadelphia, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh (S. Bailey), and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Harrisburg (H.G.) \u2014 all in Pennsylvania; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (R.M.); Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.J.B.); St. Johannes Hospital Dortmund, Dortmund (H.M.), Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.-W.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich (H.R.), and Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Bochum (S. Bleiziffer) \u2014 all in Germany; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (W.B.A.), and the Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.A.W.) \u2014 both in Canada; Sentara Heart Hospital, Norfolk (P.D.M.), and Inova ..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul D.","family":"Mahoney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (H.C.H.) and Lankenau Heart Institute (B.R.), Philadelphia, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh (S. Bailey), and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Harrisburg (H.G.) \u2014 all in Pennsylvania; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (R.M.); Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.J.B.); St. Johannes Hospital Dortmund, Dortmund (H.M.), Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.-W.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich (H.R.), and Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Bochum (S. Bleiziffer) \u2014 all in Germany; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (W.B.A.), and the Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.A.W.) \u2014 both in Canada; Sentara Heart Hospital, Norfolk (P.D.M.), and Inova ..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hendrik","family":"Ruge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (H.C.H.) and Lankenau Heart Institute (B.R.), Philadelphia, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh (S. Bailey), and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Harrisburg (H.G.) \u2014 all in Pennsylvania; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (R.M.); Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.J.B.); St. Johannes Hospital Dortmund, Dortmund (H.M.), Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.-W.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich (H.R.), and Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Bochum (S. Bleiziffer) \u2014 all in Germany; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (W.B.A.), and the Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.A.W.) \u2014 both in Canada; Sentara Heart Hospital, Norfolk (P.D.M.), and Inova ..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (H.C.H.) and Lankenau Heart Institute (B.R.), Philadelphia, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh (S. Bailey), and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Harrisburg (H.G.) \u2014 all in Pennsylvania; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (R.M.); Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.J.B.); St. Johannes Hospital Dortmund, Dortmund (H.M.), Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.-W.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich (H.R.), and Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Bochum (S. Bleiziffer) \u2014 all in Germany; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (W.B.A.), and the Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.A.W.) \u2014 both in Canada; Sentara Heart Hospital, Norfolk (P.D.M.), and Inova ..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Bleiziffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (H.C.H.) and Lankenau Heart Institute (B.R.), Philadelphia, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh (S. Bailey), and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Harrisburg (H.G.) \u2014 all in Pennsylvania; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (R.M.); Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.J.B.); St. Johannes Hospital Dortmund, Dortmund (H.M.), Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.-W.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich (H.R.), and Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Bochum (S. Bleiziffer) \u2014 all in Germany; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (W.B.A.), and the Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.A.W.) \u2014 both in Canada; Sentara Heart Hospital, Norfolk (P.D.M.), and Inova ..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basel","family":"Ramlawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (H.C.H.) and Lankenau Heart Institute (B.R.), Philadelphia, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh (S. Bailey), and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Harrisburg (H.G.) \u2014 all in Pennsylvania; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (R.M.); Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.J.B.); St. Johannes Hospital Dortmund, Dortmund (H.M.), Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.-W.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich (H.R.), and Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Bochum (S. Bleiziffer) \u2014 all in Germany; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (W.B.A.), and the Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.A.W.) \u2014 both in Canada; Sentara Heart Hospital, Norfolk (P.D.M.), and Inova ..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hemal","family":"Gada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (H.C.H.) and Lankenau Heart Institute (B.R.), Philadelphia, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh (S. Bailey), and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Harrisburg (H.G.) \u2014 all in Pennsylvania; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (R.M.); Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.J.B.); St. Johannes Hospital Dortmund, Dortmund (H.M.), Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.-W.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich (H.R.), and Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Bochum (S. Bleiziffer) \u2014 all in Germany; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (W.B.A.), and the Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.A.W.) \u2014 both in Canada; Sentara Heart Hospital, Norfolk (P.D.M.), and Inova ..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Sonia","family":"Petronio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (H.C.H.) and Lankenau Heart Institute (B.R.), Philadelphia, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh (S. Bailey), and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Harrisburg (H.G.) \u2014 all in Pennsylvania; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (R.M.); Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.J.B.); St. Johannes Hospital Dortmund, Dortmund (H.M.), Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.-W.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich (H.R.), and Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Bochum (S. Bleiziffer) \u2014 all in Germany; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (W.B.A.), and the Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.A.W.) \u2014 both in Canada; Sentara Heart Hospital, Norfolk (P.D.M.), and Inova ..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles D.","family":"Resor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (H.C.H.) and Lankenau Heart Institute (B.R.), Philadelphia, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh (S. Bailey), and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Harrisburg (H.G.) \u2014 all in Pennsylvania; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (R.M.); Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.J.B.); St. Johannes Hospital Dortmund, Dortmund (H.M.), Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.-W.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich (H.R.), and Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Bochum (S. Bleiziffer) \u2014 all in Germany; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (W.B.A.), and the Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.A.W.) \u2014 both in Canada; Sentara Heart Hospital, Norfolk (P.D.M.), and Inova ..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Merhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (H.C.H.) and Lankenau Heart Institute (B.R.), Philadelphia, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh (S. Bailey), and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Harrisburg (H.G.) \u2014 all in Pennsylvania; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (R.M.); Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.J.B.); St. Johannes Hospital Dortmund, Dortmund (H.M.), Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.-W.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich (H.R.), and Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Bochum (S. Bleiziffer) \u2014 all in Germany; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (W.B.A.), and the Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.A.W.) \u2014 both in Canada; Sentara Heart Hospital, Norfolk (P.D.M.), and Inova ..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Garcia del Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (H.C.H.) and Lankenau Heart Institute (B.R.), Philadelphia, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh (S. Bailey), and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Harrisburg (H.G.) \u2014 all in Pennsylvania; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (R.M.); Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.J.B.); St. Johannes Hospital Dortmund, Dortmund (H.M.), Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.-W.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich (H.R.), and Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Bochum (S. Bleiziffer) \u2014 all in Germany; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (W.B.A.), and the Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.A.W.) \u2014 both in Canada; Sentara Heart Hospital, Norfolk (P.D.M.), and Inova ..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilherme F.","family":"Attizzani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (H.C.H.) and Lankenau Heart Institute (B.R.), Philadelphia, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh (S. Bailey), and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Harrisburg (H.G.) \u2014 all in Pennsylvania; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (R.M.); Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.J.B.); St. Johannes Hospital Dortmund, Dortmund (H.M.), Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.-W.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich (H.R.), and Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Bochum (S. Bleiziffer) \u2014 all in Germany; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (W.B.A.), and the Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.A.W.) \u2014 both in Canada; Sentara Heart Hospital, Norfolk (P.D.M.), and Inova ..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayne B.","family":"Batchelor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (H.C.H.) and Lankenau Heart Institute (B.R.), Philadelphia, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh (S. Bailey), and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Harrisburg (H.G.) \u2014 all in Pennsylvania; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (R.M.); Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.J.B.); St. Johannes Hospital Dortmund, Dortmund (H.M.), Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.-W.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich (H.R.), and Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Bochum (S. Bleiziffer) \u2014 all in Germany; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (W.B.A.), and the Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.A.W.) \u2014 both in Canada; Sentara Heart Hospital, Norfolk (P.D.M.), and Inova ..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda D.","family":"Gillam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (H.C.H.) and Lankenau Heart Institute (B.R.), Philadelphia, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh (S. Bailey), and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Harrisburg (H.G.) \u2014 all in Pennsylvania; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (R.M.); Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.J.B.); St. Johannes Hospital Dortmund, Dortmund (H.M.), Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.-W.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich (H.R.), and Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Bochum (S. Bleiziffer) \u2014 all in Germany; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (W.B.A.), and the Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.A.W.) \u2014 both in Canada; Sentara Heart Hospital, Norfolk (P.D.M.), and Inova ..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayra","family":"Guerrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (H.C.H.) and Lankenau Heart Institute (B.R.), Philadelphia, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh (S. Bailey), and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Harrisburg (H.G.) \u2014 all in Pennsylvania; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (R.M.); Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.J.B.); St. Johannes Hospital Dortmund, Dortmund (H.M.), Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.-W.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich (H.R.), and Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Bochum (S. Bleiziffer) \u2014 all in Germany; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (W.B.A.), and the Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.A.W.) \u2014 both in Canada; Sentara Heart Hospital, Norfolk (P.D.M.), and Inova ..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toby","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (H.C.H.) and Lankenau Heart Institute (B.R.), Philadelphia, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh (S. Bailey), and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Harrisburg (H.G.) \u2014 all in Pennsylvania; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (R.M.); Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.J.B.); St. Johannes Hospital Dortmund, Dortmund (H.M.), Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.-W.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich (H.R.), and Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Bochum (S. Bleiziffer) \u2014 all in Germany; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (W.B.A.), and the Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.A.W.) \u2014 both in Canada; Sentara Heart Hospital, Norfolk (P.D.M.), and Inova ..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua D.","family":"Rovin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (H.C.H.) and Lankenau Heart Institute (B.R.), Philadelphia, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh (S. Bailey), and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Harrisburg (H.G.) \u2014 all in Pennsylvania; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (R.M.); Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.J.B.); St. Johannes Hospital Dortmund, Dortmund (H.M.), Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.-W.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich (H.R.), and Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Bochum (S. Bleiziffer) \u2014 all in Germany; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal (W.B.A.), and the Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.A.W.) \u2014 both in Canada; Sentara Heart Hospital, Norfolk (P.D.M.), and Inova ..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Molly","family":"Szerlip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (H.C.H.) and Lankenau Heart Institute (B.R.), Philadelphia, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh (S. Bailey), and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Harrisburg (H.G.) \u2014 all in Pennsylvania; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (R.M.); Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.J.B.); St. Johannes Hospital Dortmund, Dortmund (H.M.), Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.-W.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich (H.R.), and Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Bochum (S. 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