{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T02:28:11Z","timestamp":1793500091967,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Massachusetts Medical Society","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nejmgroup.org\/legal\/terms-of-use.htm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["N Engl J Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa2407001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T04:32:32Z","timestamp":1721795552000},"page":"1179-1192","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":558,"title":["Twice-Yearly Lenacapavir or Daily F\/TAF for HIV Prevention in Cisgender Women"],"prefix":"10.1056","volume":"391","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0755-4386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda-Gail","family":"Bekker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., K.G., G.N., Y.S.) and the Department of Medicine, Vuka Research Clinic (A.M.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (Q.A.K.), Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (I.H., L.E.M., D.M., M.N., D.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wits Maternal, Adolescent, and Child Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand (M.J.), Africa Health Research Institute (L.L.), and the HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.N., L.N., S.P., N.S., E.S.), Durban, Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane City (K.A.), the Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria (K.A.), and the Aurum Institute, Pretoria Clinical Research Site (Z.Z.), Pretoria, the Foundation for Professional Development, Ndevana Community..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moupali","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., K.G., G.N., Y.S.) and the Department of Medicine, Vuka Research Clinic (A.M.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (Q.A.K.), Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (I.H., L.E.M., D.M., M.N., D.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wits Maternal, Adolescent, and Child Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand (M.J.), Africa Health Research Institute (L.L.), and the HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.N., L.N., S.P., N.S., E.S.), Durban, Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane City (K.A.), the Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria (K.A.), and the Aurum Institute, Pretoria Clinical Research Site (Z.Z.), Pretoria, the Foundation for Professional Development, Ndevana Community..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0985-477X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quarraisha","family":"Abdool Karim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., K.G., G.N., Y.S.) and the Department of Medicine, Vuka Research Clinic (A.M.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (Q.A.K.), Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (I.H., L.E.M., D.M., M.N., D.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wits Maternal, Adolescent, and Child Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand (M.J.), Africa Health Research Institute (L.L.), and the HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.N., L.N., S.P., N.S., E.S.), Durban, Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane City (K.A.), the Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria (K.A.), and the Aurum Institute, Pretoria Clinical Research Site (Z.Z.), Pretoria, the Foundation for Professional Development, Ndevana Community..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khatija","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., K.G., G.N., Y.S.) and the Department of Medicine, Vuka Research Clinic (A.M.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (Q.A.K.), Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (I.H., L.E.M., D.M., M.N., D.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wits Maternal, Adolescent, and Child Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand (M.J.), Africa Health Research Institute (L.L.), and the HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.N., L.N., S.P., N.S., E.S.), Durban, Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane City (K.A.), the Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria (K.A.), and the Aurum Institute, Pretoria Clinical Research Site (Z.Z.), Pretoria, the Foundation for Professional Development, Ndevana Community..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Batting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., K.G., G.N., Y.S.) and the Department of Medicine, Vuka Research Clinic (A.M.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (Q.A.K.), Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (I.H., L.E.M., D.M., M.N., D.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wits Maternal, Adolescent, and Child Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand (M.J.), Africa Health Research Institute (L.L.), and the HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.N., L.N., S.P., N.S., E.S.), Durban, Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane City (K.A.), the Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria (K.A.), and the Aurum Institute, Pretoria Clinical Research Site (Z.Z.), Pretoria, the Foundation for Professional Development, Ndevana Community..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Brumskine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., K.G., G.N., Y.S.) and the Department of Medicine, Vuka Research Clinic (A.M.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (Q.A.K.), Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (I.H., L.E.M., D.M., M.N., D.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wits Maternal, Adolescent, and Child Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand (M.J.), Africa Health Research Institute (L.L.), and the HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.N., L.N., S.P., N.S., E.S.), Durban, Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane City (K.A.), the Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria (K.A.), and the Aurum Institute, Pretoria Clinical Research Site (Z.Z.), Pretoria, the Foundation for Professional Development, Ndevana Community..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., K.G., G.N., Y.S.) and the Department of Medicine, Vuka Research Clinic (A.M.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (Q.A.K.), Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (I.H., L.E.M., D.M., M.N., D.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wits Maternal, Adolescent, and Child Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand (M.J.), Africa Health Research Institute (L.L.), and the HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.N., L.N., S.P., N.S., E.S.), Durban, Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane City (K.A.), the Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria (K.A.), and the Aurum Institute, Pretoria Clinical Research Site (Z.Z.), Pretoria, the Foundation for Professional Development, Ndevana Community..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ishana","family":"Harkoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., K.G., G.N., Y.S.) and the Department of Medicine, Vuka Research Clinic (A.M.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (Q.A.K.), Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (I.H., L.E.M., D.M., M.N., D.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wits Maternal, Adolescent, and Child Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand (M.J.), Africa Health Research Institute (L.L.), and the HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.N., L.N., S.P., N.S., E.S.), Durban, Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane City (K.A.), the Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria (K.A.), and the Aurum Institute, Pretoria Clinical Research Site (Z.Z.), Pretoria, the Foundation for Professional Development, Ndevana Community..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manjeetha","family":"Jaggernath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., K.G., G.N., Y.S.) and the Department of Medicine, Vuka Research Clinic (A.M.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (Q.A.K.), Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (I.H., L.E.M., D.M., M.N., D.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wits Maternal, Adolescent, and Child Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand (M.J.), Africa Health Research Institute (L.L.), and the HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.N., L.N., S.P., N.S., E.S.), Durban, Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane City (K.A.), the Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria (K.A.), and the Aurum Institute, Pretoria Clinical Research Site (Z.Z.), Pretoria, the Foundation for Professional Development, Ndevana Community..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Godfrey","family":"Kigozi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., K.G., G.N., Y.S.) and the Department of Medicine, Vuka Research Clinic (A.M.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (Q.A.K.), Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (I.H., L.E.M., D.M., M.N., D.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wits Maternal, Adolescent, and Child Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand (M.J.), Africa Health Research Institute (L.L.), and the HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.N., L.N., S.P., N.S., E.S.), Durban, Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane City (K.A.), the Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria (K.A.), and the Aurum Institute, Pretoria Clinical Research Site (Z.Z.), Pretoria, the Foundation for Professional Development, Ndevana Community..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noah","family":"Kiwanuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., K.G., G.N., Y.S.) and the Department of Medicine, Vuka Research Clinic (A.M.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (Q.A.K.), Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (I.H., L.E.M., D.M., M.N., D.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wits Maternal, Adolescent, and Child Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand (M.J.), Africa Health Research Institute (L.L.), and the HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.N., L.N., S.P., N.S., E.S.), Durban, Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane City (K.A.), the Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria (K.A.), and the Aurum Institute, Pretoria Clinical Research Site (Z.Z.), Pretoria, the Foundation for Professional Development, Ndevana Community..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Kotze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., K.G., G.N., Y.S.) and the Department of Medicine, Vuka Research Clinic (A.M.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (Q.A.K.), Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (I.H., L.E.M., D.M., M.N., D.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wits Maternal, Adolescent, and Child Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand (M.J.), Africa Health Research Institute (L.L.), and the HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.N., L.N., S.P., N.S., E.S.), Durban, Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane City (K.A.), the Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria (K.A.), and the Aurum Institute, Pretoria Clinical Research Site (Z.Z.), Pretoria, the Foundation for Professional Development, Ndevana Community..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Limakatso","family":"Lebina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., K.G., G.N., Y.S.) and the Department of Medicine, Vuka Research Clinic (A.M.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (Q.A.K.), Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (I.H., L.E.M., D.M., M.N., D.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wits Maternal, Adolescent, and Child Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand (M.J.), Africa Health Research Institute (L.L.), and the HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.N., L.N., S.P., N.S., E.S.), Durban, Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane City (K.A.), the Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria (K.A.), and the Aurum Institute, Pretoria Clinical Research Site (Z.Z.), Pretoria, the Foundation for Professional Development, Ndevana Community..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheryl E.","family":"Louw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., K.G., G.N., Y.S.) and the Department of Medicine, Vuka Research Clinic (A.M.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (Q.A.K.), Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (I.H., L.E.M., D.M., M.N., D.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wits Maternal, Adolescent, and Child Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand (M.J.), Africa Health Research Institute (L.L.), and the HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.N., L.N., S.P., N.S., E.S.), Durban, Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane City (K.A.), the Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria (K.A.), and the Aurum Institute, Pretoria Clinical Research Site (Z.Z.), Pretoria, the Foundation for Professional Development, Ndevana Community..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moelo","family":"Malahleha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., K.G., G.N., Y.S.) and the Department of Medicine, Vuka Research Clinic (A.M.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (Q.A.K.), Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (I.H., L.E.M., D.M., M.N., D.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wits Maternal, Adolescent, and Child Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand (M.J.), Africa Health Research Institute (L.L.), and the HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.N., L.N., S.P., N.S., E.S.), Durban, Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane City (K.A.), the Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria (K.A.), and the Aurum Institute, Pretoria Clinical Research Site (Z.Z.), Pretoria, the Foundation for Professional Development, Ndevana Community..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mmatsie","family":"Manentsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., K.G., G.N., Y.S.) and the Department of Medicine, Vuka Research Clinic (A.M.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (Q.A.K.), Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (I.H., L.E.M., D.M., M.N., D.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wits Maternal, Adolescent, and Child Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand (M.J.), Africa Health Research Institute (L.L.), and the HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.N., L.N., S.P., N.S., E.S.), Durban, Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane City (K.A.), the Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria (K.A.), and the Aurum Institute, Pretoria Clinical Research Site (Z.Z.), Pretoria, the Foundation for Professional Development, Ndevana Community..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7607-348X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leila E.","family":"Mansoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., K.G., G.N., Y.S.) and the Department of Medicine, Vuka Research Clinic (A.M.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (Q.A.K.), Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (I.H., L.E.M., D.M., M.N., D.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wits Maternal, Adolescent, and Child Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand (M.J.), Africa Health Research Institute (L.L.), and the HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.N., L.N., S.P., N.S., E.S.), Durban, Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane City (K.A.), the Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria (K.A.), and the Aurum Institute, Pretoria Clinical Research Site (Z.Z.), Pretoria, the Foundation for Professional Development, Ndevana Community..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhayendre","family":"Moodley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., K.G., G.N., Y.S.) and the Department of Medicine, Vuka Research Clinic (A.M.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (Q.A.K.), Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (I.H., L.E.M., D.M., M.N., D.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wits Maternal, Adolescent, and Child Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand (M.J.), Africa Health Research Institute (L.L.), and the HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.N., L.N., S.P., N.S., E.S.), Durban, Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane City (K.A.), the Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria (K.A.), and the Aurum Institute, Pretoria Clinical Research Site (Z.Z.), Pretoria, the Foundation for Professional Development, Ndevana Community..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vimla","family":"Naicker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., K.G., G.N., Y.S.) and the Department of Medicine, Vuka Research Clinic (A.M.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (Q.A.K.), Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (I.H., L.E.M., D.M., M.N., D.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wits Maternal, Adolescent, and Child Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand (M.J.), Africa Health Research Institute (L.L.), and the HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.N., L.N., S.P., N.S., E.S.), Durban, Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane City (K.A.), the Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria (K.A.), and the Aurum Institute, Pretoria Clinical Research Site (Z.Z.), Pretoria, the Foundation for Professional Development, Ndevana Community..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Logashvari","family":"Naidoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., K.G., G.N., Y.S.) and the Department of Medicine, Vuka Research Clinic (A.M.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (Q.A.K.), Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (I.H., L.E.M., D.M., M.N., D.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wits Maternal, Adolescent, and Child Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand (M.J.), Africa Health Research Institute (L.L.), and the HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.N., L.N., S.P., N.S., E.S.), Durban, Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane City (K.A.), the Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria (K.A.), and the Aurum Institute, Pretoria Clinical Research Site (Z.Z.), Pretoria, the Foundation for Professional Development, Ndevana Community..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megeshinee","family":"Naidoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., K.G., G.N., Y.S.) and the Department of Medicine, Vuka Research Clinic (A.M.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (Q.A.K.), Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (I.H., L.E.M., D.M., M.N., D.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wits Maternal, Adolescent, and Child Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand (M.J.), Africa Health Research Institute (L.L.), and the HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.N., L.N., S.P., N.S., E.S.), Durban, Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane City (K.A.), the Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria (K.A.), and the Aurum Institute, Pretoria Clinical Research Site (Z.Z.), Pretoria, the Foundation for Professional Development, Ndevana Community..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gonasagrie","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., K.G., G.N., Y.S.) and the Department of Medicine, Vuka Research Clinic (A.M.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (Q.A.K.), Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (I.H., L.E.M., D.M., M.N., D.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wits Maternal, Adolescent, and Child Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand (M.J.), Africa Health Research Institute (L.L.), and the HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.N., L.N., S.P., N.S., E.S.), Durban, Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane City (K.A.), the Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria (K.A.), and the Aurum Institute, Pretoria Clinical Research Site (Z.Z.), Pretoria, the Foundation for Professional Development, Ndevana Community..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nkosiphile","family":"Ndlovu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., K.G., G.N., Y.S.) and the Department of Medicine, Vuka Research Clinic (A.M.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (Q.A.K.), Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (I.H., L.E.M., D.M., M.N., D.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wits Maternal, Adolescent, and Child Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand (M.J.), Africa Health Research Institute (L.L.), and the HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.N., L.N., S.P., N.S., E.S.), Durban, Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane City (K.A.), the Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria (K.A.), and the Aurum Institute, Pretoria Clinical Research Site (Z.Z.), Pretoria, the Foundation for Professional Development, Ndevana Community..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thesla","family":"Palanee-Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., K.G., G.N., Y.S.) and the Department of Medicine, Vuka Research Clinic (A.M.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (Q.A.K.), Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (I.H., L.E.M., D.M., M.N., D.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wits Maternal, Adolescent, and Child Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand (M.J.), Africa Health Research Institute (L.L.), and the HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.N., L.N., S.P., N.S., E.S.), Durban, Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane City (K.A.), the Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria (K.A.), and the Aurum Institute, Pretoria Clinical Research Site (Z.Z.), Pretoria, the Foundation for Professional Development, Ndevana Community..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravindre","family":"Panchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., K.G., G.N., Y.S.) and the Department of Medicine, Vuka Research Clinic (A.M.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (Q.A.K.), Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (I.H., L.E.M., D.M., M.N., D.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wits Maternal, Adolescent, and Child Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand (M.J.), Africa Health Research Institute (L.L.), and the HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.N., L.N., S.P., N.S., E.S.), Durban, Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane City (K.A.), the Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria (K.A.), and the Aurum Institute, Pretoria Clinical Research Site (Z.Z.), Pretoria, the Foundation for Professional Development, Ndevana Community..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saresha","family":"Pillay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., K.G., G.N., Y.S.) and the Department of Medicine, Vuka Research Clinic (A.M.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (Q.A.K.), Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (I.H., L.E.M., D.M., M.N., D.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wits Maternal, Adolescent, and Child Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand (M.J.), Africa Health Research Institute (L.L.), and the HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.N., L.N., S.P., N.S., E.S.), Durban, Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane City (K.A.), the Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria (K.A.), and the Aurum Institute, Pretoria Clinical Research Site (Z.Z.), Pretoria, the Foundation for Professional Development, Ndevana Community..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Disebo","family":"Potloane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., K.G., G.N., Y.S.) and the Department of Medicine, Vuka Research Clinic (A.M.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (Q.A.K.), Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (I.H., L.E.M., D.M., M.N., D.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wits Maternal, Adolescent, and Child Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand (M.J.), Africa Health Research Institute (L.L.), and the HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.N., L.N., S.P., N.S., E.S.), Durban, Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane City (K.A.), the Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria (K.A.), and the Aurum Institute, Pretoria Clinical Research Site (Z.Z.), Pretoria, the Foundation for Professional Development, Ndevana Community..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pearl","family":"Selepe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., K.G., G.N., Y.S.) and the Department of Medicine, Vuka Research Clinic (A.M.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (Q.A.K.), Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (I.H., L.E.M., D.M., M.N., D.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wits Maternal, Adolescent, and Child Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand (M.J.), Africa Health Research Institute (L.L.), and the HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.N., L.N., S.P., N.S., E.S.), Durban, Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane City (K.A.), the Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria (K.A.), and the Aurum Institute, Pretoria Clinical Research Site (Z.Z.), Pretoria, the Foundation for Professional Development, Ndevana Community..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nishanta","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., K.G., G.N., Y.S.) and the Department of Medicine, Vuka Research Clinic (A.M.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (Q.A.K.), Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (I.H., L.E.M., D.M., M.N., D.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wits Maternal, Adolescent, and Child Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand (M.J.), Africa Health Research Institute (L.L.), and the HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.N., L.N., S.P., N.S., E.S.), Durban, Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane City (K.A.), the Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria (K.A.), and the Aurum Institute, Pretoria Clinical Research Site (Z.Z.), Pretoria, the Foundation for Professional Development, Ndevana Community..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yashna","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., K.G., G.N., Y.S.) and the Department of Medicine, Vuka Research Clinic (A.M.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (Q.A.K.), Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (I.H., L.E.M., D.M., M.N., D.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wits Maternal, Adolescent, and Child Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand (M.J.), Africa Health Research Institute (L.L.), and the HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.N., L.N., S.P., N.S., E.S.), Durban, Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane City (K.A.), the Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria (K.A.), and the Aurum Institute, Pretoria Clinical Research Site (Z.Z.), Pretoria, the Foundation for Professional Development, Ndevana Community..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Spooner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., K.G., G.N., Y.S.) and the Department of Medicine, Vuka Research Clinic (A.M.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (Q.A.K.), Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (I.H., L.E.M., D.M., M.N., D.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wits Maternal, Adolescent, and Child Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand (M.J.), Africa Health Research Institute (L.L.), and the HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.N., L.N., S.P., N.S., E.S.), Durban, Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane City (K.A.), the Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria (K.A.), and the Aurum Institute, Pretoria Clinical Research Site (Z.Z.), Pretoria, the Foundation for Professional Development, Ndevana Community..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy M.","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., K.G., G.N., Y.S.) and the Department of Medicine, Vuka Research Clinic (A.M.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (Q.A.K.), Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (I.H., L.E.M., D.M., M.N., D.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wits Maternal, Adolescent, and Child Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand (M.J.), Africa Health Research Institute (L.L.), and the HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.N., L.N., S.P., N.S., E.S.), Durban, Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane City (K.A.), the Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria (K.A.), and the Aurum Institute, Pretoria Clinical Research Site (Z.Z.), Pretoria, the Foundation for Professional Development, Ndevana Community..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zwelethu","family":"Zwane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., K.G., G.N., Y.S.) and the Department of Medicine, Vuka Research Clinic (A.M.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (Q.A.K.), Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (I.H., L.E.M., D.M., M.N., D.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wits Maternal, Adolescent, and Child Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand (M.J.), Africa Health Research Institute (L.L.), and the HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.N., L.N., S.P., N.S., E.S.), Durban, Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane City (K.A.), the Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria (K.A.), and the Aurum Institute, Pretoria Clinical Research Site (Z.Z.), Pretoria, the Foundation for Professional Development, Ndevana Community..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramin","family":"Ebrahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., K.G., G.N., Y.S.) and the Department of Medicine, Vuka Research Clinic (A.M.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (Q.A.K.), Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (I.H., L.E.M., D.M., M.N., D.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wits Maternal, Adolescent, and Child Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand (M.J.), Africa Health Research Institute (L.L.), and the HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.N., L.N., S.P., N.S., E.S.), Durban, Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane City (K.A.), the Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria (K.A.), and the Aurum Institute, Pretoria Clinical Research Site (Z.Z.), Pretoria, the Foundation for Professional Development, Ndevana Community..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., K.G., G.N., Y.S.) and the Department of Medicine, Vuka Research Clinic (A.M.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (Q.A.K.), Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (I.H., L.E.M., D.M., M.N., D.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wits Maternal, Adolescent, and Child Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand (M.J.), Africa Health Research Institute (L.L.), and the HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.N., L.N., S.P., N.S., E.S.), Durban, Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane City (K.A.), the Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria (K.A.), and the Aurum Institute, Pretoria Clinical Research Site (Z.Z.), Pretoria, the Foundation for Professional Development, Ndevana Community..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Kintu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., K.G., G.N., Y.S.) and the Department of Medicine, Vuka Research Clinic (A.M.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (Q.A.K.), Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (I.H., L.E.M., D.M., M.N., D.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wits Maternal, Adolescent, and Child Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand (M.J.), Africa Health Research Institute (L.L.), and the HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.N., L.N., S.P., N.S., E.S.), Durban, Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane City (K.A.), the Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria (K.A.), and the Aurum Institute, Pretoria Clinical Research Site (Z.Z.), Pretoria, the Foundation for Professional Development, Ndevana Community..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Deaton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., K.G., G.N., Y.S.) and the Department of Medicine, Vuka Research Clinic (A.M.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (Q.A.K.), Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (I.H., L.E.M., D.M., M.N., D.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wits Maternal, Adolescent, and Child Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand (M.J.), Africa Health Research Institute (L.L.), and the HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.N., L.N., S.P., N.S., E.S.), Durban, Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane City (K.A.), the Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria (K.A.), and the Aurum Institute, Pretoria Clinical Research Site (Z.Z.), Pretoria, the Foundation for Professional Development, Ndevana Community..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph C.","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., K.G., G.N., Y.S.) and the Department of Medicine, Vuka Research Clinic (A.M.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (Q.A.K.), Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (I.H., L.E.M., D.M., M.N., D.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wits Maternal, Adolescent, and Child Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand (M.J.), Africa Health Research Institute (L.L.), and the HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.N., L.N., S.P., N.S., E.S.), Durban, Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane City (K.A.), the Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria (K.A.), and the Aurum Institute, Pretoria Clinical Research Site (Z.Z.), Pretoria, the Foundation for Professional Development, Ndevana Community..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jared M.","family":"Baeten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., K.G., G.N., Y.S.) and the Department of Medicine, Vuka Research Clinic (A.M.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (Q.A.K.), Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (I.H., L.E.M., D.M., M.N., D.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wits Maternal, Adolescent, and Child Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand (M.J.), Africa Health Research Institute (L.L.), and the HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.N., L.N., S.P., N.S., E.S.), Durban, Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane City (K.A.), the Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria (K.A.), and the Aurum Institute, Pretoria Clinical Research Site (Z.Z.), Pretoria, the Foundation for Professional Development, Ndevana Community..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavia","family":"Matovu Kiweewa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre (L.-G.B., K.G., G.N., Y.S.) and the Department of Medicine, Vuka Research Clinic (A.M.W.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (Q.A.K.), Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal (I.H., L.E.M., D.M., M.N., D.P.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wits Maternal, Adolescent, and Child Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand (M.J.), Africa Health Research Institute (L.L.), and the HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.N., L.N., S.P., N.S., E.S.), Durban, Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane City (K.A.), the Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria (K.A.), and the Aurum Institute, Pretoria Clinical Research Site (Z.Z.), Pretoria, the Foundation for Professional Development, Ndevana Community..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"150","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","unstructured":"Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS. AIDSinfo (https:\/\/aidsinfo.unaids.org)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae143"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.0464"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","unstructured":"AVAC. The global PrEP tracker (https:\/\/data.prepwatch.org)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","unstructured":"Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS. Ending inequalities and getting on track to end AIDS by 2030 \u2014 a summary of the commitments and targets within the United Nations General Assembly\u2019s 2021 Political Declaration on HIV and AIDS. 2022 (https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media_asset\/2021-political-declaration_summary-10-targets_en.pdf)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2020.1822505"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","unstructured":"Mugwanya KK Pintye J Kinuthia J et al. Persistence with PrEP use in African adolescents and young women initiating PrEP. In: Proceedings and Abstracts of the 2019 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections March 4\u20137 2019; Seattle: International Antiviral Society 2019. abstract."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-022-03762-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","unstructured":"Chakare T Rozario A Nonyana N Berg J Strachan M Heffron R. HIV risk perception and salience are paradoxically associated with pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) discontinuation among adolescent girls and young women in Lesotho. In: Proceedings and Abstracts of the 23rd International AIDS Conference July 6\u201310 2020. Virtual: International AIDS Society 2020. abstract."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2443-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2115542"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13596535211067600"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31065-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60616-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","unstructured":"Bekerman E Hansen D Lu B et al. Long-acting capsid inhibitor effective as PrEP against vaginal SHIV transmission in macaques. In: Proceedings and Abstracts of the 11th IAS Conference on HIV Science July 18\u201321 2021. Virtual: International AIDS Society 2021. abstract."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz383"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050632"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.2830"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1915473"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","unstructured":"Das M. Experience with using recency assays to estimate HIV incidence in an HIV prevention trial. In: Proceedings and Abstracts of the 12th IAS Conference on HIV Science July 23\u201326 2023. Brisbane QLD Australia: International AIDS Society 2023. abstract."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","unstructured":"Gilead Sciences. Global community advisors (https:\/\/www.purposestudies.com\/community-advisors\/)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","unstructured":"Kiweewa F Kintu A Cox S et al. Use of the recent infection testing algorithm to estimate background HIV incidence in micro-epidemic areas within Uganda. In: Proceedings and Abstracts of the 24th International AIDS Conference July 29\u2013August 2 2022. Montreal: International AIDS Society 2023. abstract."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0269317"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Using recency assays for HIV surveillance: 2022 technical guidance. December 19 2022 (https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240064379)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002354"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","first-page":"e01710","article-title":"Intracellular tenofovir-diphosphate and emtricitabine-triphosphate in dried blood spots following directly observed therapy.","volume":"62","author":"Anderson PL","year":"2017","unstructured":"Anderson PL, Liu AY, Castillo-Mancilla JR, et al. Intracellular tenofovir-diphosphate and emtricitabine-triphosphate in dried blood spots following directly observed therapy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017;62(1):e01710-e01717.29038282","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","unstructured":"UNAIDS. Good participatory practice: guidelines for biomedical HIV prevention trials (2011). June 29 2011 (https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/resources\/documents\/2011\/20110629_JC1853_GPP_Guidelines_2011%20OK)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001209"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","first-page":"20200009","article-title":"Sample size calculation for active-arm trial with counterfactual incidence based on recency assay.","volume":"13","author":"Gao F","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gao F, Glidden DV, Hughes JP, Donnell DJ. Sample size calculation for active-arm trial with counterfactual incidence based on recency assay. Stat Commun Infect Dis 2021;13:20200009-20200009.35880999","journal-title":"Stat Commun Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shao Y Gao F. Likelihood-based inferences for active-arm trial with counterfactual incidence based on recency assay. Stat Commun Infect Dis 2024;16:20230004-20230004 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/scid-2023-0004).","DOI":"10.1515\/scid-2023-0004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000974"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","unstructured":"Cox S Shao Y Rees H et al. Evaluation of cross-sectional HIV incidence recency testing in the evidence for contraceptive options and HIV outcomes (ECHO) trial. In: Proceedings and Abstracts of the 12th IAS Conference on HIV Science July 23\u201326 2023. Brisbane QLD Australia: International AIDS Society 2023. abstract."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","unstructured":"Donnell D Mukui I Mirembe BG et al. HIV incidence in the INSIGHT cohort of African women: recency testing and prospective follow-up. In: Proceedings and Abstracts of the 31st Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections March 3\u20136 2024. Denver: International AIDS Society 2024. abstract."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002899"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198807283190401"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.8735"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_2","unstructured":"Castagna A Arevalo JLB Molina J et al. Follow-up of injection site reactions in clinical studies of people using lenacapavir every 6 months for HIV treatment. In: Proceedings and Abstracts of the 19th European AIDS Conference October 18\u201321 2023. Warsaw Poland: European AIDS Clinical Society 2023. abstract."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_2","unstructured":"Kumar P Gupta S Segal-Maurer S et al. Injection-site reaction experience in clinical studies of people using lenacapavir for HIV treatment. In: Proceedings and Abstracts of the 24th International AIDS Conference July 29\u2013August 2 2022. Montreal: International AIDS Society 2022. abstract."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2101016"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00538-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1602046"}],"container-title":["New England Journal of Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2407001","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T18:38:11Z","timestamp":1749667091000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2407001"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1056\/NEJMoa2407001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmoa2407001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-4793","1533-4406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-4793","type":"print"},{"value":"1533-4406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]}}}