{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T01:25:18Z","timestamp":1791336318669,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Massachusetts Medical Society","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nejmgroup.org\/legal\/terms-of-use.htm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000664","name":"Health Technology Assessment Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR131105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR131105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000664","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["N Engl J Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa2407780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T11:31:44Z","timestamp":1730374304000},"page":"336-348","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["A Randomized Trial of Drug Route in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest"],"prefix":"10.1056","volume":"392","author":[{"given":"Keith","family":"Couper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles D.","family":"Deakin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachael T.","family":"Fothergill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerry P.","family":"Nolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John B.","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Michelet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chloe","family":"Norman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Nwankwo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Marie","family":"Slowther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Smyth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kath R.","family":"Starr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gemma","family":"Bradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shona","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Burrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Charlton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Claxton Dip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Dra\u2019gon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakob","family":"Falloon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Kearney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nigel","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Limmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6157-8979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Mellett-Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ria","family":"Osborne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nigel","family":"Rees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert E.S.","family":"Spaight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gemma L.","family":"Squires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belinda","family":"Tibbetts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Waddington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory A.","family":"Whitley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason V.","family":"Wiles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Wiltshire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranjit","family":"Lall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gavin D.","family":"Perkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NH..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"150","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1806842"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1514204"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-019-05836-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.023958"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.20929"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2011.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5055\/ajdm.2016.0230"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2020.02.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2022.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-021-00858-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2021.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000916"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2024.110360"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijn.13244"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2023.109951"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2020.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resplu.2023.100544"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2014.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2018.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2530245"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2017.8.35985"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency. ICH E9 (R1) addendum on estimands and sensitivity analysis in clinical trials to the guideline on statistical principles for clinical trials. Step 5. February 2020 (https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/documents\/scientific-guideline\/ich-e9-r1-addendum-estimands-sensitivity-analysis-clinical-trials-guideline-statistical-principles_en.pdf)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.34.2808"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","unstructured":"Sui Y Bu X Duan Y Li Y Wang X. Application of tipping point analysis in clinical trials using the multiple imputation procedure in SAS. Baltimore: PharmaSUG 2023 (https:\/\/www.pharmasug.org\/proceedings\/2023\/SD\/PharmaSUG-2023-SD-069.pdf)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.119.005755"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2024.110196"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","first-page":"e33355","article-title":"The ability of paramedics to accurately locate correct anatomical sites for intraosseous needle insertion.","volume":"15","author":"Berger D","year":"2023","unstructured":"Berger D, Petrie A, Lubin JS. The ability of paramedics to accurately locate correct anatomical sites for intraosseous needle insertion. Cureus 2023;15(1):e33355-e33355.36751187","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.042240"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e079878","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2024-079878","article-title":"Intraosseous versus intravenous vascular access in upper extremity among adults with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: cluster randomised clinical trial (VICTOR trial).","volume":"386","author":"Ko Y-C","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ko Y-C, Lin H-Y, Huang EP-C, et al. Intraosseous versus intravenous vascular access in upper extremity among adults with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: cluster randomised clinical trial (VICTOR trial). BMJ 2024;386:e079878-e079878.39043416","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2023.109757"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-021-06368-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resplu.2023.100428"}],"container-title":["New England Journal of Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2407780","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T18:32:57Z","timestamp":1749666777000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2407780"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1056\/NEJMoa2407780"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmoa2407780","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-4793","1533-4406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-4793","type":"print"},{"value":"1533-4406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]}}}