{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T00:10:53Z","timestamp":1792714253938,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Massachusetts Medical Society","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["N Engl J Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa2411368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T22:16:29Z","timestamp":1738188989000},"page":"666-676","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Evolving Epidemiology of Mpox in Africa in 2024"],"prefix":"10.1056","volume":"392","author":[{"given":"Nicaise","family":"Ndembi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morenike O.","family":"Folayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan","family":"Komakech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyeng","family":"Mercy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofonias","family":"Tessema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1556-3570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Placide","family":"Mbala-Kingebeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Ngandu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Democratic Republic of Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ngashi","family":"Ngongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Kaseya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4986-2133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salim S.","family":"Abdool Karim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"150","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","first-page":"593","article-title":"A human infection caused by monkeypox virus in Basankusu Territory, Democratic Republic of the Congo.","volume":"46","author":"Ladnyj ID","year":"1972","unstructured":"Ladnyj ID, Ziegler P, Kima E. A human infection caused by monkeypox virus in Basankusu Territory, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Bull World Health Organ 1972;46:593-597.4340218","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","unstructured":"Fenner F. Epidemiology and evolution. In: Baron S ed. Medical microbiology. 4th ed. Galveston TX: University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston 1996:1-29.21413273"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.08.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3700143"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30294-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","unstructured":"Cohen J Tsanni A. Pulling back the curtain. Mpox circulated in Nigeria for 8 years before it sparked a global outbreak. What happened? And could it have been stopped? Science. August 16 2024 (https:\/\/www.science.org\/content\/article\/untold-story-how-nigeria-s-mpox-outbreak-sparked-worldwide-epidemic)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","unstructured":"Africa CDC. Africa CDC declares mpox a public health emergency of continental security mobilizing resources across the continent. August 13 2024 (https:\/\/africacdc.org\/news-item\/africa-cdc-declares-mpox-a-public-health-emergency-of-continental-security-mobilizing-resources-across-the-continent)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO director-general declares mpox outbreak a public health emergency of international concern. August 14 2024 (https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/14-08-2024-who-director-general-declares-mpox-outbreak-a-public-health-emergency-of-international-concern)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Pathogens prioritization: a scientific framework for epidemic and pandemic research preparedness. July 30 2024 (https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/pathogens-prioritization-a-scientific-framework-for-epidemic-and-pandemic-research-preparedness)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","unstructured":"Africa CDC. Mpox response plan envisions support across 22 countries. September 10 2024 (https:\/\/africacdc.org\/news-item\/mpox-response-plan-envisions-support-across-22-countries\/)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001769"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03130-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v15010103"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","unstructured":"Wikipedia. Demographics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Demographics_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1005769107"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","unstructured":"Kinganda-Lusamaki E Amuri-Aziza A Fernandez N et al. Clade I mpox virus genomic diversity in the Democratic Republic of the Congo 2018-2024: predominance of zoonotic transmission. August 14 2024 (https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2024.08.13.24311951v1). preprint."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3001.231164"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00287-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Mpox \u2014 Democratic Republic of the Congo. June 14 2024 (https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/disease-outbreak-news\/item\/2024-DON522)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adg8116"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","unstructured":"UNICEF. Burundi mpox level 3 emergency. Humanitarian Situation Report No. 2. October 10 2024 (https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/media\/163476\/file\/Burundi-Humanitarian-Situation-Report-No.-2-(Level-3-Mpox) -30-September-2024.pdf)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-024-02793-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Mpox. August 26 2024 (https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/mpox)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101710"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Whittles LK Mbala-Kingebeni P Ferguson NM. Age-patterns of severity of clade I mpox in historically endemic countries. April 23 2024 (https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2024.04.23.24306209v1). preprint.","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.04.23.24306209"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","first-page":"269","article-title":"Update on mpox: a brief narrative review.","volume":"31","author":"Antinori S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Antinori S, Casalini G, Giacomelli A, Rodriguez-Morales AJ. Update on mpox: a brief narrative review. Infez Med 2023;31:269-276.37701385","journal-title":"Infez Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and World Health Organization. Mpox continental preparedness and response plan for Africa. September 2024\u2013February 2025 (https:\/\/africacdc.org\/download\/mpox-continental-preparedness-and-response-plan-for-africa\/#)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-15842-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3747\/co.20.1186"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12010032"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-8348-y"}],"container-title":["New England Journal of Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2411368","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T16:16:01Z","timestamp":1751904961000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2411368"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1056\/NEJMoa2411368"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmoa2411368","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-4793","1533-4406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-4793","type":"print"},{"value":"1533-4406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]}}}