{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T23:08:39Z","timestamp":1792710519969,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Massachusetts Medical Society","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["N Engl J Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,21]]},"DOI":"10.1056\/nejmra012586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T12:57:19Z","timestamp":1027774639000},"page":"591-602","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":534,"title":["Obesity"],"prefix":"10.1056","volume":"346","author":[{"given":"Susan Z.","family":"Yanovski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack A.","family":"Yanovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"150","reference":[{"key":"r001","unstructured":"Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults: United States, 1999. Hyattsville, Md.: National Center for Health Statistics, Health E-Stats, 2000. (Accessed December 7, 2001, at http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/products\/pubs\/pubd\/hestats\/obese\/obse99.htm.)"},{"key":"r002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0800541"},{"key":"r003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1995.02170230039005"},{"key":"r004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.277.14.1111"},{"key":"r005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.7.898"},{"key":"r006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1550-8528.1998.tb00690.x"},{"key":"r007","unstructured":"Physicians' desk reference. 55th ed. Montvale, N.J.: Medical Economics, 2001."},{"key":"r009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-134-4-200102200-00011","volume":"134","author":"Khan LK","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"r010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.14.1353"},{"key":"r011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(05)70230-3"},{"key":"r012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1550-8528.1999.tb00416.x","volume":"7","author":"McGuire MT","year":"1999","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"r013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.65.1.79"},{"key":"r014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211s","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00466.x","volume":"3","author":"Blackburn G","year":"1995","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"r015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-119-7_Part_2-199310011-00026","volume":"119","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"r016","unstructured":"Bray GA. Historical framework for the development of ideas about obesity. In: Bray GA, Bouchard C, James WPT, eds. Handbook of obesity. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1998:1-29."},{"key":"r017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1550-8528.1996.tb00249.x","volume":"4","author":"Stuart RB","year":"1996","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"r018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.20.6.805"},{"key":"r019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1992.76"},{"key":"r020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1992.75"},{"key":"r021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1992.74"},{"key":"r022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1992.73"},{"key":"r023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1992.72"},{"key":"r024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1992.71"},{"key":"r025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1992.70"},{"key":"r026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1992.69"},{"key":"r027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1992.68"},{"key":"r028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.276.23.1907"},{"key":"r029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.430260102"},{"key":"r030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199708283370901"},{"key":"r031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/ENDO:13:2:207"},{"key":"r032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549S","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00226.x","volume":"3","author":"Inoue S","year":"1995","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"r033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1177\/030006057600400504","volume":"4","author":"Enzi G","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"r034","first-page":"232","volume":"211","author":"Steel JM","year":"1973","journal-title":"Practitioner"},{"key":"r035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/03007997309111712"},{"key":"r036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5588.352"},{"key":"r037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.1965.tb03144.x","volume":"19","author":"Silverstone JT","year":"1965","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pract"},{"key":"r038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-2806(99)90013-0"},{"key":"r039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200012213432501"},{"key":"r040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491S","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00217.x","volume":"3","author":"Guy-Grand B","year":"1995","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"r041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1550-8528.1993.tb00597.x","volume":"2","author":"Goldstein DJ","year":"1993","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"r042","first-page":"129","volume":"18","author":"Goldstein DJ","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"r043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00189.x","volume":"3","author":"Wadden TA","year":"1995","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"r044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1550-8528.1999.tb00419.x","volume":"7","author":"Bach DS","year":"1999","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"r045","first-page":"32","volume":"40","year":"1998","journal-title":"Med Lett Drugs Ther"},{"key":"r046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801098"},{"key":"r047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1550-8528.1999.tb00701.x","volume":"7","author":"Bray GA","year":"1999","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"r048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-1326.2000.00081.x"},{"key":"r049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/ENDO:13:2:193"},{"key":"r050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.14.2185"},{"key":"r051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03491-7"},{"key":"r052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(98)00411-2"},{"key":"r053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-1326.2000.00071.x"},{"key":"r054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.20.4.270.34882"},{"key":"r055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.3.235"},{"key":"r056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/69.6.1108","volume":"69","author":"Hill JO","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"r057","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)11509-4"},{"key":"r058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.21.8.1288"},{"key":"r059","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archfami.9.2.160"},{"key":"r060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20014091091724"},{"key":"r061","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20014091091661"},{"key":"r062","first-page":"68","volume":"9","author":"Boozer CN","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"r063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801539"},{"key":"r064","first-page":"269","volume":"16","author":"Astrup A","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"r065","first-page":"99","volume":"18","author":"Breum L","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"r066","first-page":"S73","volume":"17","author":"Daly PA","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"r067","first-page":"S69","volume":"17","author":"Toubro S","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"r068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/57.10.963","volume":"57","author":"Gurley BJ","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"key":"r069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200012213432502"},{"key":"r070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200012213432510"},{"key":"r071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51S","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1550-8528.1999.tb00390.x","volume":"7","author":"Gadde KM","year":"1999","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"r072","first-page":"88S","volume":"8","author":"Anderson JW","year":"2000","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"r073","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2000.13"},{"key":"r074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.10027"},{"key":"r075","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v61n0508"},{"key":"r077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1999.tb00922.x"},{"key":"r078","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.19.9.920"},{"key":"r079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199508313330902"},{"key":"r080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.11.1619"},{"key":"r081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.85.8.2767"},{"key":"r082","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.4.e55"},{"key":"r083","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.15.6.755"},{"key":"r084","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199602293340906"},{"key":"r085","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7624777"},{"key":"r086","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/43185"},{"key":"r087","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909163411204"},{"key":"r088","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.16.1568"},{"key":"r089","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.85.11.4003"},{"key":"r091","first-page":"S111","volume":"25","author":"Guler HP","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"r092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E501","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.2000.279.3.E501","volume":"279","author":"Heffernan MA","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"r094","unstructured":"The practical guide: identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults. Bethesda, Md.: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, North American Association for the Study of Obesity, 2000. (NIH publication no. 00-4048.) (Also available at http:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/guidelines\/obesity\/practgde.htm.)"},{"key":"r095","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.161.2.218"},{"key":"r096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.11.1331"},{"key":"r097","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.11.1278"},{"key":"r098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1550-8528.1997.tb00579.x","volume":"5","author":"Atkinson RL","year":"1997","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"r099","first-page":"118","volume":"8","author":"Bowen RL","year":"2000","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"r100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(200011)28:3<325::AID-EAT10>3.0.CO;2-3"},{"key":"r101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1550-8528.1999.tb00435.x","volume":"7","author":"Alger SA","year":"1999","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"r102","first-page":"A561","volume":"10","author":"Dhurandhar NV","year":"1996","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"r103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2000.53"},{"key":"r104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.13.5.373"},{"key":"r105","first-page":"58S","volume":"8","author":"McCann S","year":"2000","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"r107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801433"},{"key":"r108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(99)70017-X"}],"container-title":["New England Journal of Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1056\/NEJMra012586","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,23]],"date-time":"2023-04-23T20:28:29Z","timestamp":1682281709000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/10.1056\/NEJMra012586"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Alastair J.J.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,21]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,21]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1056\/NEJMra012586"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmra012586","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-4793","1533-4406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-4793","type":"print"},{"value":"1533-4406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,21]]}}}