{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T06:56:07Z","timestamp":1791701767254,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Massachusetts Medical Society","issue":"26","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["N Engl J Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,25]]},"DOI":"10.1056\/nejmra0805786","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,24]],"date-time":"2009-06-24T22:28:28Z","timestamp":1245882508000},"page":"2758-2769","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":817,"title":["Alcoholic Hepatitis"],"prefix":"10.1056","volume":"360","author":[{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Lucey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Mathurin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy R.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"150","reference":[{"key":"r001","first-page":"866","volume":"53","year":"2004","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"r002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.10.1238"},{"key":"r003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vaillant GE. The natural history of alcoholism revisited. Boston: Harvard University Press, 1995.","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674044562"},{"key":"r004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.41.6.845"},{"key":"r005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510230513"},{"key":"r006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-960170"},{"key":"r007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840140606"},{"key":"r008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91685-7"},{"key":"r009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510250120"},{"key":"r010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01324898"},{"key":"r011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108003"},{"key":"r012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(80)90382-0","volume":"79","author":"Ludwig S","year":"1980","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"r013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)30490-1","volume":"78","author":"Matloff DS","year":"1980","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"r014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/86.10.649","volume":"86","author":"Mutimer DJ","year":"1993","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"r015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1040605"},{"key":"r016","first-page":"515","volume":"56","author":"Alexander JF","year":"1971","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"r017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.09038","volume":"38","author":"Mathurin P","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"r018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00289-6"},{"key":"r019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(79)92831-9"},{"key":"r020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2008.01837.x"},{"key":"r021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21298"},{"key":"r022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200205000-00019"},{"key":"r023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(78)90401-8","volume":"75","author":"Maddrey WC","year":"1978","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"r024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.050781"},{"key":"r025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20503"},{"key":"r026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21607"},{"key":"r027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.099226"},{"key":"r028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.12.022"},{"key":"r029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00056.2004"},{"key":"r030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M302140200"},{"key":"r031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.09.049"},{"key":"r032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.05.009"},{"key":"r033","first-page":"R595","volume":"247","author":"Tsukamoto H","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"r034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.25350"},{"key":"r035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20632"},{"key":"r036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-205-43703","volume":"205","author":"Nanji AA","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"r037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90027-6"},{"key":"r038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)92109-3"},{"key":"r039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2001.tb02207.x"},{"key":"r040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2963","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.6.2963","volume":"168","author":"Uesugi T","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"r041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840200227"},{"key":"r042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/90609"},{"key":"r043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4737","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.7.4737","volume":"166","author":"Yin M","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"r044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.02.065"},{"key":"r045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3049","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.5.3049","volume":"181","author":"Zhao XJ","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"r046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22470"},{"key":"r047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI5584"},{"key":"r048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510280521"},{"key":"r049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840160225"},{"key":"r050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22222"},{"key":"r051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70566-4"},{"key":"r052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)00276-2"},{"key":"r053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.28888"},{"key":"r054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-112-12-917","volume":"112","author":"Bird GL","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"r055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.12.036"},{"key":"r056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70354-9"},{"key":"r057","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510260621"},{"key":"r058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.34161"},{"key":"r059","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70377-4"},{"key":"r060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510300623"},{"key":"r061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G178","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.2000.279.1.G178","volume":"279","author":"Lu SC","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"r062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20412","volume":"40","author":"Song Z","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"r063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)61699-9"},{"key":"r064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.01.022"},{"key":"r065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-3-200702060-00005","volume":"146","author":"Saitz R","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"r066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-113-4-299","volume":"113","author":"Imperiale TF","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"r067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.03065.x"},{"key":"r068","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.03066.x"},{"key":"r069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2008.03685.x"},{"key":"r070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.01.011"},{"key":"r071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.20189"},{"key":"r072","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20206"},{"key":"r073","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.08.057"},{"key":"r074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(84)90776-9"},{"key":"r075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/43.2.213","volume":"43","author":"Mendenhall CL","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"r076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2003.01660.x"},{"key":"r077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198412063112302"},{"key":"r078","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(03)00476-8"},{"key":"r079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(98)80285-7"},{"key":"r080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/H05-020"},{"key":"r081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra020617"},{"key":"r082","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.014"},{"key":"r083","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.03.034"},{"key":"r084","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510290629"},{"key":"r085","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61814-5"},{"key":"r086","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199704103361506"},{"key":"r087","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00190-8"},{"key":"r088","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80219-6"},{"key":"r089","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.10.010"},{"key":"r090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00230-1"},{"key":"r091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.8.1182"},{"key":"r092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00442-7"},{"key":"r093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2004.04034.x"},{"key":"r094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.8627"},{"key":"r095","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.500030613"},{"key":"r096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21014"},{"key":"r097","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.500030305"},{"key":"r098","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00228-8"}],"container-title":["New England Journal of Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1056\/NEJMra0805786","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T19:52:43Z","timestamp":1685044363000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1056\/NEJMra0805786"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,25]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"26","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,25]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1056\/NEJMra0805786"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmra0805786","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-4793","1533-4406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-4793","type":"print"},{"value":"1533-4406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,25]]}}}