{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T12:26:11Z","timestamp":1792067171654,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Massachusetts Medical Society","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["N Engl J Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,4]]},"DOI":"10.1056\/nejmra1708111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,4]],"date-time":"2018-01-04T15:28:18Z","timestamp":1515079698000},"page":"60-71","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":235,"title":["Favism and Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency"],"prefix":"10.1056","volume":"378","author":[{"given":"Lucio","family":"Luzzatto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Hematology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (L.L.); and the Department of Oncology, Biochemistry Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy (P.A.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Arese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Hematology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (L.L.); and the Department of Oncology, Biochemistry Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy (P.A.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"150","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","first-page":"17","article-title":"Favism \u2014 from the \u201cavoid fava beans\u201d of Pythagoras to the present.","volume":"7","author":"Meletis J","year":"2004","unstructured":"Meletis J, Konstantopoulos L. Favism \u2014 from the \u201cavoid fava beans\u201d of Pythagoras to the present. Haema 2004;7:17-21.","journal-title":"Haema"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","unstructured":"Simoons FJ. Plants of life plants of death. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press 1998."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.124.3220.484-a"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199101173240306"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2007.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2015.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","first-page":"76","article-title":"Studio sul favismo.","volume":"15","author":"Fermi C","year":"1905","unstructured":"Fermi C, Martinetti P. Studio sul favismo. Ann Ig Sper 1905;15:76-112.","journal-title":"Ann Ig Sper"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-194105000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"The epidemiology of favism.","volume":"48","author":"Belsey MA","year":"1973","unstructured":"Belsey MA. The epidemiology of favism. Bull World Health Organ 1973;48:1-13.4541143","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.182.4115.887"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/203623"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12146"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1982.tb06886.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pathophysiology of hemolysis in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.","volume":"27","author":"Arese P","year":"1990","unstructured":"Arese P, De Flora A. Pathophysiology of hemolysis in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Semin Hematol 1990;27:1-40.2405494","journal-title":"Semin Hematol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","first-page":"543","article-title":"Fungitoxicity of natural heterocycle glucoside vicine obtained from Vicia faba L. against selected filamentous fungi.","volume":"48","author":"Pavlik M","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pavlik M, Vanova M, Laudova V, Harmatha J. Fungitoxicity of natural heterocycle glucoside vicine obtained from Vicia faba L. against selected filamentous fungi. Rostlinna Vyroba 2002;48:543-547.","journal-title":"Rostlinna Vyroba"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-474X(94)00028-R"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","first-page":"601","article-title":"Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.","volume":"67","author":"WHO Working Group","year":"1989","unstructured":"WHO Working Group. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Bull World Health Organ 1989;67:601-611.2633878","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000206700"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcmd.2016.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-03-416032"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kalfa TA. Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2016.2016(1):690-697. 27913548","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2016.1.690"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","unstructured":"Luzzatto L Poggi VE. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. In: Orkin SH Fisher DE Ginsburg D Look AT Lux SE Nathan DG eds. Nathan and Oski\u2019s hematology and oncology of infancy and childhood. Philadelphia: Elsevier\u2013Saunders 2015:609-29."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1982.tb01957.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1985.tb02976.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.1999.tb01907.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-011-0827-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(84)90299-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(86)90734-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V73.1.334.334"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/62.2.353"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-08-042531"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1979.tb03717.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/135100007X162284"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2850295"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01893018"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V66.2.302.302"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000089839"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.13.1653"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1962.03620140081013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-5108(18)30098-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5514.642-a"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0315-5463(80)73300-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.2740590406"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","first-page":"292","article-title":"A hemolysis trigger in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme deficiency: Vicia sativa (Vetch).","volume":"30","author":"Bicakci Z","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bicakci Z. A hemolysis trigger in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme deficiency: Vicia sativa (Vetch). Saudi Med J 2009;30:292-294.19198723","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10915810290096333"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1824-7288-40-71"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfq.12006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2016.05.077"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0010(199612)72:4<469::AID-JSFA681>3.0.CO;2-P"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1479262113000105"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.48.1.9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","first-page":"496","article-title":"Variability of red cell phenotypes between and within individuals in an unbiased sample of 77 heterozygotes for G6PD deficiency in Sardinia.","volume":"28","author":"Rinaldi A","year":"1976","unstructured":"Rinaldi A, Filippi G, Siniscalco M. Variability of red cell phenotypes between and within individuals in an unbiased sample of 77 heterozygotes for G6PD deficiency in Sardinia. Am J Hum Genet 1976;28:496-505.984045","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","first-page":"359","article-title":"Studies of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity of individual erythrocytes: the methemoglobin-elution test for the detection of females heterozygous for G6PD deficiency.","volume":"17","author":"Gall JC","year":"1965","unstructured":"Gall JC, Brewer GJ, Dern RJ. Studies of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity of individual erythrocytes: the methemoglobin-elution test for the detection of females heterozygous for G6PD deficiency. Am J Hum Genet 1965;17:359-368.17948502","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1986.tb05570.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep00299"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04436.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcmd.2012.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdf426"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI105786"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.75.4.1979"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_2","first-page":"71","article-title":"Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in southern Italy: a case of G6PD A(-) associated with favism.","volume":"74","author":"Calabr\u00f2 V","year":"1989","unstructured":"Calabr\u00f2 V, Cascone A, Malaspina P, Battistuzzi G. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in southern Italy: a case of G6PD A(-) associated with favism. Haematologica 1989;74:71-73.2498187","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/2.1.81"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.300.6719.236"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1532\/IJH97.A20513"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.14.5171"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_2","first-page":"146","article-title":"Favism: glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, G6PD A-: a common occurrence among Portuguese children.","volume":"87","author":"Goncalves P","year":"1994","unstructured":"Goncalves P, Ribeiro ML, Tamagnini G, Kaeda J, Youssof N, Vulliamy TJ. Favism: glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, G6PD A-: a common occurrence among Portuguese children. Br J Haematol 1994;87:Suppl 1:146-146.","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcmd.2012.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_2","first-page":"527","article-title":"Genetic heterogeneity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency revealed by single-strand conformation and sequence analysis.","volume":"52","author":"Calabr\u00f2 V","year":"1993","unstructured":"Calabr\u00f2 V, Mason PJ, Filosa S, et al. Genetic heterogeneity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency revealed by single-strand conformation and sequence analysis. Am J Hum Genet 1993;52:527-536.8447319","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/3.5.833"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcmd.2004.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03167073"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_73_2","first-page":"243","article-title":"Human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variants.","volume":"45","author":"Yoshida A","year":"1971","unstructured":"Yoshida A, Beutler E, Motulsky AG. Human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variants. Bull World Health Organ 1971;45:243-253.5316621","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1004(199912)14:6<477::AID-HUMU6>3.0.CO;2-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcmd.2003.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V74.7.2550.bloodjournal7472550"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-13-270"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.23424"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-13-70"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1995.tb05246.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V54.5.961.961"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-08-449397"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_83_2","first-page":"28","article-title":"Metabolic polymorphisms and the role of infectious diseases in human evolution.","volume":"32","author":"Motulsky AG","year":"1960","unstructured":"Motulsky AG. Metabolic polymorphisms and the role of infectious diseases in human evolution. Hum Biol 1960;32:28-62.14424690","journal-title":"Hum Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/186531a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.164.3881.839"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.2011.90"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3107"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(15)00152-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(15)00191-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1178849"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-11-280"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-11-418"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/2047773215Y.0000000016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-2122"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_96_2","unstructured":"Motulsky AG Campbell-Kraut JM. Population genetics of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency of the red cell. In: Blumberg BS ed. Proceedings of conference on genetic polymorphisms and geographic variations in disease. New York: Grune & Stratton 1961:159-180."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1962.03050180032008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0779"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002224"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000204709"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_101_2","first-page":"53","article-title":"Medical expenses of patients with favism admitted to 17th Shahrivar Hospital compared to G6PD enzyme screening cost, in north of Iran.","volume":"4","author":"Darbandi B","year":"2014","unstructured":"Darbandi B, Noghbaei M, Mehrabian F, Jafroodi M. Medical expenses of patients with favism admitted to 17th Shahrivar Hospital compared to G6PD enzyme screening cost, in north of Iran. Iran J Ped Hematol Oncol 2014;4:53-56.25002925","journal-title":"Iran J Ped Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-006-0410-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aoas.2013.07.010"}],"container-title":["New England Journal of Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1056\/NEJMra1708111","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T11:19:07Z","timestamp":1711451947000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/10.1056\/NEJMra1708111"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Dan L.","family":"Longo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,4]]},"references-count":102,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1056\/NEJMra1708111"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmra1708111","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-4793","1533-4406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-4793","type":"print"},{"value":"1533-4406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,4]]}}}