{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T13:57:58Z","timestamp":1793627878269,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Massachusetts Medical Society","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["N Engl J Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]]},"DOI":"10.1056\/nejmra2034954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T17:01:21Z","timestamp":1645030881000},"page":"667-672","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":339,"title":["Electroconvulsive Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1056","volume":"386","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2895-4212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Randall T.","family":"Espinoza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (R.T.E.); and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (C.H.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles H.","family":"Kellner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (R.T.E.); and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (C.H.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"150","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.1670"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l1079"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.6633.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000135"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31948-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.16589"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2021.04.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2017.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbx136"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.1378"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12855"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.13060787"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2020.20030238"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X14666161017233642"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201700364"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000635"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743720935647"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2018.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.202000142"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2021.116"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","first-page":"66103","article-title":"Neurological devices; reclassification of electroconvulsive therapy devices; effective date of requirement for premarket approval for electroconvulsive therapy devices for certain specified intended uses. Final order.","volume":"83","author":"Food and Drug Administration, HHS","year":"2018","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration, HHS. Neurological devices; reclassification of electroconvulsive therapy devices; effective date of requirement for premarket approval for electroconvulsive therapy devices for certain specified intended uses. Final order. Fed Regist 2018;83:66103-66124.30596410","journal-title":"Fed Regist"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28335"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2020.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2017.09.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000710"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.0768"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","volume-title":"The practice of electroconvulsive therapy: recommendations for treatment, training, and privileging: a task force report of the American Psychiatric Association.","author":"American Psychiatric Association Committee on Electroconvulsive Therapy","year":"2001","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association Committee on Electroconvulsive Therapy. The practice of electroconvulsive therapy: recommendations for treatment, training, and privileging: a task force report of the American Psychiatric Association. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Publishing, 2001.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000581"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000460"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.10.1299"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.12.1337"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867417743343"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.16010118"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.03.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.11.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.109.066183"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291716002737"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2008.03.001"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","first-page":"pyu045","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of brief and ultrabrief pulse right unilateral electroconvulsive therapy.","volume":"18","author":"Loo CK","year":"2014","unstructured":"Loo CK, Katalinic N, Smith DJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial of brief and ultrabrief pulse right unilateral electroconvulsive therapy. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2014;18(1):pyu045-pyu045.25522389","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000723"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199303253281204"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00168-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2021.63"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2021.21040351"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720000379"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000426"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.03.152"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15622975.2019.1702717"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12884"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30056-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.05.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.02.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743716660033"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15622970903170835"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867419839139"}],"container-title":["New England Journal of Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1056\/NEJMra2034954","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T19:18:35Z","timestamp":1749669515000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/10.1056\/NEJMra2034954"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Allan H.","family":"Ropper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1056\/NEJMra2034954"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmra2034954","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-4793","1533-4406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-4793","type":"print"},{"value":"1533-4406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]]}}}