{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T21:11:54Z","timestamp":1793308314200,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Massachusetts Medical Society","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["N Engl J Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"DOI":"10.1056\/nejmra2501195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T21:00:42Z","timestamp":1782939642000},"page":"54-68","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Advances in Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1056","volume":"395","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4932-4001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen L.","family":"Hauser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences and Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"150","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-021-00556-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.1135"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav7188"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09773-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btad080"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06250-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abj8222"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200460"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2016.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04432-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.09.054"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aab4176"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200009"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01588-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-021-00498-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-022-01097-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-024-00823-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24497"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz212"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03625-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1100648"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm038"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh641"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1714"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1522730113"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/5532"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2424986122"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00334-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.3.393"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","first-page":"160","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus as a leading cause of multiple sclerosis: mechanisms and implications.","volume":"19","author":"Bjornevik K","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bjornevik K, M\u00fcnz C, Cohen JI, Ascherio A. Epstein-Barr virus as a leading cause of multiple sclerosis: mechanisms and implications. Nat Rev Neurol 2023;19:160-171.36759741","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09378-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.12.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-020-09948-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200551"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21029"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaf211"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03901-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.27096"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(25)00270-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00289-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25463"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.1568"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012323"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24747"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012700"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-025-00784-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_49_2","first-page":"1185","article-title":"Corticosteroid treatment of multiple sclerosis relapses is associated with lower disability worsening over 5 years.","volume":"96","author":"Roberts JI","year":"2025","unstructured":"Roberts JI, Sharmin S, Horakova D, et al. Corticosteroid treatment of multiple sclerosis relapses is associated with lower disability worsening over 5 years. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2025;96:1185-1193.40721309","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0706383"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1601277"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2201904"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1917246"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa044397"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00143-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0802670"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105751"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2600993"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.78033"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1380654"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200161"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585231208311"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000214473"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.0826"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.1184"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.20588"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30067-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1606468"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14824"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(26)00617-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2017.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.5993"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10538135241306674"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585231168043"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000001147"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-025-02412-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(26)00147-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2308917"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2024-225785"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(24)00328-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2415985"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2415988"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_83_2","unstructured":"Oh J Bar-Or A Giovannoni G et al. Efficacy and safety of fenebrutinib vs teriflunomide in relapsing multiple sclerosis: results of the FENhance1 and 2 studies. Presented at the 2026 AAN Annual Meeting Chicago April 18\u201322 2026. abstract (https:\/\/www.aan.com\/msa\/Public\/Events\/AbstractDetails\/65031)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_84_2","unstructured":"Bar-Or A Oh J Giovannoni G et al. Efficacy and safety of fenebrutinib vs ocrelizumab in primary progressive multiple sclerosis: primary results of the phase III FENtrepid study. Presented at the ACTRIMS Forum 2026 San Diego CA February 5\u20137 2026. abstract (https:\/\/www.abstractsonline.com\/pp8\/#!\/21408\/presentation\/971)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2018.13"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32346-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000654"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458519863983"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abq1693"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1902226"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2024-004622"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae409"}],"container-title":["New England Journal of Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1056\/NEJMra2501195","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T16:30:23Z","timestamp":1783614623000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/10.1056\/NEJMra2501195"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1056\/NEJMra2501195"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmra2501195","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-4793","1533-4406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-4793","type":"print"},{"value":"1533-4406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]}}}