{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:52:43Z","timestamp":1792785163237,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Massachusetts Medical Society","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nejmgroup.org\/legal\/terms-of-use.htm"}],"funder":[{"name":"American Board of Surgery"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100030938","name":"Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100030938","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000133","name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5T32HS000078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5T32HS000078"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000133","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08HL145139"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08HL145139"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005301","name":"American College of Surgeons","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005301","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["N Engl J Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"DOI":"10.1056\/nejmsa1903759","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]],"date-time":"2019-10-28T13:08:26Z","timestamp":1572268106000},"page":"1741-1752","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":845,"title":["Discrimination, Abuse, Harassment, and Burnout in Surgical Residency Training"],"prefix":"10.1056","volume":"381","author":[{"given":"Yue-Yung","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine (Y.-Y.H., R.J.E., D.B. Hewitt, A.D.Y., K.Y.B.), the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital (Y.-Y.H.), the American College of Surgeons (R.J.E., D.B. Hoyt, K.Y.B.), the Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University (E.O.C., J.T.M.), and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (J.R.P., T.J.N.)..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan J.","family":"Ellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine (Y.-Y.H., R.J.E., D.B. Hewitt, A.D.Y., K.Y.B.), the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital (Y.-Y.H.), the American College of Surgeons (R.J.E., D.B. Hoyt, K.Y.B.), the Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University (E.O.C., J.T.M.), and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (J.R.P., T.J.N.)..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. Brock","family":"Hewitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine (Y.-Y.H., R.J.E., D.B. Hewitt, A.D.Y., K.Y.B.), the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital (Y.-Y.H.), the American College of Surgeons (R.J.E., D.B. Hoyt, K.Y.B.), the Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University (E.O.C., J.T.M.), and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (J.R.P., T.J.N.)..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony D.","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine (Y.-Y.H., R.J.E., D.B. Hewitt, A.D.Y., K.Y.B.), the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital (Y.-Y.H.), the American College of Surgeons (R.J.E., D.B. Hoyt, K.Y.B.), the Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University (E.O.C., J.T.M.), and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (J.R.P., T.J.N.)..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine Ooi","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine (Y.-Y.H., R.J.E., D.B. Hewitt, A.D.Y., K.Y.B.), the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital (Y.-Y.H.), the American College of Surgeons (R.J.E., D.B. Hoyt, K.Y.B.), the Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University (E.O.C., J.T.M.), and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (J.R.P., T.J.N.)..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith T.","family":"Moskowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine (Y.-Y.H., R.J.E., D.B. Hewitt, A.D.Y., K.Y.B.), the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital (Y.-Y.H.), the American College of Surgeons (R.J.E., D.B. Hoyt, K.Y.B.), the Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University (E.O.C., J.T.M.), and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (J.R.P., T.J.N.)..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"John R.","family":"Potts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine (Y.-Y.H., R.J.E., D.B. Hewitt, A.D.Y., K.Y.B.), the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital (Y.-Y.H.), the American College of Surgeons (R.J.E., D.B. Hoyt, K.Y.B.), the Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University (E.O.C., J.T.M.), and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (J.R.P., T.J.N.)..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo","family":"Buyske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine (Y.-Y.H., R.J.E., D.B. Hewitt, A.D.Y., K.Y.B.), the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital (Y.-Y.H.), the American College of Surgeons (R.J.E., D.B. Hoyt, K.Y.B.), the Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University (E.O.C., J.T.M.), and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (J.R.P., T.J.N.)..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David B.","family":"Hoyt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine (Y.-Y.H., R.J.E., D.B. Hewitt, A.D.Y., K.Y.B.), the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital (Y.-Y.H.), the American College of Surgeons (R.J.E., D.B. Hoyt, K.Y.B.), the Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University (E.O.C., J.T.M.), and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (J.R.P., T.J.N.)..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Nasca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine (Y.-Y.H., R.J.E., D.B. Hewitt, A.D.Y., K.Y.B.), the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital (Y.-Y.H.), the American College of Surgeons (R.J.E., D.B. Hoyt, K.Y.B.), the Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University (E.O.C., J.T.M.), and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (J.R.P., T.J.N.)..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl Y.","family":"Bilimoria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine (Y.-Y.H., R.J.E., D.B. Hewitt, A.D.Y., K.Y.B.), the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital (Y.-Y.H.), the American College of Surgeons (R.J.E., D.B. Hoyt, K.Y.B.), the Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University (E.O.C., J.T.M.), and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (J.R.P., T.J.N.)..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"150","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.1247"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.2010.292"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2016.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2017.4340"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.12615"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.4.352"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000002050"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1809846"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","unstructured":"Benya FF Widnall SE Johnson PA eds. Sexual harassment of women: climate culture and consequences in academic sciences engineering and medicine. Washington DC: National Academies Press 2018.29894119"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-009-1103-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000000200"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2015.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2005.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2017.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2016.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000002700"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","unstructured":"American Board of Surgery. ABS in-training examination (http:\/\/www.absurgery.org\/default.jsp?certabsite)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1515724"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2015.0239"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2015.4990"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1800965"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jackson SE Maslach C Leiter M. Maslach burnout inventory manual. 4th ed. Menlo Park CA: Mind Garden 2016.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-397045-9.00149-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08915-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.2762"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.12777"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.149.1.41"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-149-5-200809020-00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.13363"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000003295"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.10840"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2017.1430"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1802228"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31502-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)33188-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.20.2487"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.08m04967blu"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000001736"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10672702010003005"}],"container-title":["New England Journal of Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1056\/NEJMsa1903759","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T21:04:35Z","timestamp":1711487075000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/10.1056\/NEJMsa1903759"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1056\/NEJMsa1903759"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmsa1903759","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-4793","1533-4406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-4793","type":"print"},{"value":"1533-4406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]}}}