{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T14:11:26Z","timestamp":1789654286314,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Massachusetts Medical Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NEJM AI"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]]},"DOI":"10.1056\/aioa2400802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T09:10:13Z","timestamp":1743066613000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":261,"title":["Randomized Trial of a Generative AI Chatbot for Mental Health Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1056","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0866-0508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael V.","family":"Heinz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2188-2968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Mackin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4466-7926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brianna M.","family":"Trudeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7814-7278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sukanya","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6355-2551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yinzhou","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0476-371X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haley A.","family":"Banta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1390-7380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abi D.","family":"Jewett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3210-6807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abigail J.","family":"Salzhauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5462-575X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tess Z.","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8832-4741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas C.","family":"Jacobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH"},{"name":"Quantitative Biomedical Sciences Program, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"150","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00395-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","first-page":"71","article-title":"The science of well-being: an integrated approach to mental health and its disorders","volume":"5","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cloninger CR. The science of well-being: an integrated approach to mental health and its disorders. World Psychiatry 2006;5:71-76.","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","unstructured":"National Center for Health Workforce Analysis. Behavioral health workforce 2023. Rockville MD: Bureau of Health Workforce December 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","unstructured":"Health Resource & Service Administration. Workforce projections. Rockville MD: Bureau of Health Workforce 2024 (https:\/\/data.hrsa.gov\/topics\/health-workforce\/workforce-projections)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kohn R Ali AA Puac-Polanco V et al. Mental health in the Americas: an overview of the treatment gap. Rev Panam Salud P\u00fablica 2018;42:e165. DOI: 10.26633\/RPSP.2018.165.","DOI":"10.26633\/RPSP.2018.165"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104857"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.0164"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.3986"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2021.100847"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-023-00804-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-023-00777-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.900615"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118625392.wbecp272"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HRP.0000000000000224"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.819623"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","volume-title":"Studies on hysteria","unstructured":"Breuer J, Freud S. Studies on hysteria. Oxford: Basic Books, 1957."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/365153.365168"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/mental.7785"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/27868"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iotcps.2023.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-02943-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2022.107600"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20884"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0281243"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(02)80026-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2018.1483936"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.04.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.658"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.8.4.448"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","unstructured":"Christensen RHB. Cumulative link models for ordinal regression with the R package ordinal. 2018 (https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/ordinal\/vignettes\/clm_article.pdf)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","unstructured":"UCLA: Statistical Consulting Group. Ordinal logistic regression. R data analysis examples. 2024 (https:\/\/stats.oarc.ucla.edu\/r\/dae\/ordinal-logistic-regression\/)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2007.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2017.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2005.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2020.101921"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/44838"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psychotherapy.2002.56.2.244"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44174-023-00150-4"}],"container-title":["NEJM AI"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T09:11:27Z","timestamp":1743066687000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ai.nejm.org\/doi\/10.1056\/AIoa2400802"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1056\/AIoa2400802"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/aioa2400802","relation":{},"ISSN":["2836-9386"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2836-9386","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]]}}}