{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T02:27:18Z","timestamp":1780712838911,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,1]],"date-time":"2003-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1070236800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Information Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,12]]},"DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.ejis.3000479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,17]],"date-time":"2003-11-17T22:39:57Z","timestamp":1069108797000},"page":"269-281","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":125,"title":["Managing e-transformation in the public sector: an e-government study of the Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore (IRAS)"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Chee Wee","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information SystemsSchool of Computing, National University of Singapore\r117543\rSingapore\rSingapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shan L","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information SystemsSchool of Computing, National University of Singapore\r117543\rSingapore\rSingapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aichholzer G and Schmutzer R (2000) Organizational challenges to the development of electronic government. In Proceedings of 11th International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications pp 379\u2013383. Greenwich London U.K. Sep 6\u20138.","DOI":"10.1109\/DEXA.2000.875054"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-624X(01)00063-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/248684"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_4_1","first-page":"344","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IFIP Working Group 8.2 Working Conference on The Interaction of Information Systems and the Organization","author":"Bowker GC","year":"1995","unstructured":"BowkerGCTimmermansSStarSLInfrastructure and organizational transformation: classifying nurses' workProceedings of the IFIP Working Group 8.2 Working Conference on The Interaction of Information Systems and the Organization1995344370"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_5_1","volume-title":"Bureaucracy and Red Tape","author":"Bozeman B","year":"2000","unstructured":"BozemanBBureaucracy and Red Tape2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/976358"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_7_1","first-page":"1578","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Seventh Americas Conference on Information Systems","author":"Burn JM","year":"2001","unstructured":"BurnJMRobbinsGStrategic planning for e-government: a customer value based modelProceedings of the Seventh Americas Conference on Information Systems200115781583"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_8_1","first-page":"197","volume-title":"Bureaucratic and Governmental Reform","author":"Calista DJ","year":"1986","unstructured":"CalistaDJReorganization as reform: the implementation of integrated human services agenciesBureaucratic and Governmental Reform1986197214"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110857191.87","volume-title":"International Privatization: Strategies and Practices","author":"Clements L","year":"1994","unstructured":"ClementsLPrivatization American style: \u2018the grand illusion\u2019International Privatization: Strategies and Practices199487104"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/976783"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_11_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications","author":"Csetenyi A","year":"2000","unstructured":"CsetenyiAElectronic government: perspectives from e-commerceProceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_12_1","volume-title":"Effective Public Relations","author":"Cutlip SC","year":"1994","unstructured":"CutlipSCCenterAHBroomGMEffective Public Relations1994"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_2_13_1","first-page":"121","article-title":"Putting the enterprise into enterprise system","volume":"76","author":"Davenport T","year":"1998","unstructured":"DavenportTPutting the enterprise into enterprise systemHarvard Business Review1998764121131","journal-title":"Harvard Business Review"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_14_1","volume-title":"Mission Critical: Realizing the Promise of Enterprise Systems","author":"Davenport T","year":"2000","unstructured":"DavenportTMission Critical: Realizing the Promise of Enterprise Systems2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_15_1","first-page":"243","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IFIP Working Group 8.2 Working Conference on Information Technology and New Emergent Forms of Organizations","author":"Davies L","year":"1994","unstructured":"DaviesLMitchellGThe dual nature of the impacts of it on organizational transformationsProceedings of the IFIP Working Group 8.2 Working Conference on Information Technology and New Emergent Forms of Organizations1994243261"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-9236(02)00120-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_17_1","volume-title":"Reform, Ethics and Leadership in Public Service","author":"Dillman DL","year":"1998","unstructured":"DillmanDLLeadership in the American civil serviceReform, Ethics and Leadership in Public Service1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_18_1","volume-title":"Manager's Guide to Excellence in Public Relations and Communication Management","author":"Dozier MD","year":"1995","unstructured":"DozierMDGrunigLGrunigEJManager's Guide to Excellence in Public Relations and Communication Management1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/258921"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_20_1","first-page":"564","volume-title":"Proceedings of 8th Americas Conference on Information Systems","author":"Elgarah W","year":"2002","unstructured":"ElgarahWCourtneyJFEnhancing the G2C relationship through new channels of communication: web-based citizen inputProceedings of 8th Americas Conference on Information Systems2002564568"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_21_1","volume-title":"The Spirit of Public Administration","author":"Frederickson HG","year":"1997","unstructured":"FredericksonHGThe Spirit of Public Administration1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_22_1","volume-title":"Capitalism and Communication: Global Culture and the Economics of Information","author":"Garnham N","year":"1990","unstructured":"GarnhamNCapitalism and Communication: Global Culture and the Economics of Information1990"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_2_23_1","first-page":"79","article-title":"Realizing business benefits through CRM: hitting the right target in the right way","volume":"1","author":"Goodhue DL","year":"2002","unstructured":"GoodhueDLBarbaraHWWatsonHJRealizing business benefits through CRM: hitting the right target in the right wayMIS Quarterly Executive2002127994","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly Executive"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/977480"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_25_1","first-page":"175","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IFIP Working Group 8.2 Working Conference on Information Technology and New Emergent Forms of Organizations","author":"Hales M","year":"1994","unstructured":"HalesMSangBMarshSThe theory and practice of getting humans into global organizations: performing rather than preformingProceedings of the IFIP Working Group 8.2 Working Conference on Information Technology and New Emergent Forms of Organizations1994175195"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_26_1","volume-title":"Profiles of Government Administration in Asia","author":"Halligan J","year":"1995","unstructured":"HalliganJTurnerMProfiles of Government Administration in Asia1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_27_1","volume-title":"Handbook of Bureaucracy","author":"Haque MS","year":"1994","unstructured":"HaqueMSThe Emerging challenges to bureaucratic accountability: a critical perspectiveHandbook of Bureaucracy1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0491.1996.tb00238.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002085239806400102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/0033-3352.00006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/0033-3352.00197"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-405X(76)90026-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_33_1","volume-title":"Privatization and Equity","author":"Kelegama S","year":"1995","unstructured":"KelegamaSThe impact of privatization on distributional inquiry: the case of Sri LankaPrivatization and Equity1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/249410"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_35_1","unstructured":"Klenke K (1994) Information technologies as drivers of emergent organizational forms: a leadership perspective. In Proceedings of the IFIP Working Group 8.2 Working Conference on Information Technology and New Emergent Forms of Organizations 323\u2013341."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_36_1","unstructured":"Korpela E (1994) Path to notes: a networked company choosing its information systems solution. In Proceedings of the IFIP Working Group 8.2 Working Conference on Information Technology and New Emergent Forms of Organizations pp 219\u2013242."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_37_1","unstructured":"Kotchegura AP (1997) The Russian civil service: legitimacy and performance. Paper presented at the Civil Service Systems in Comparative Perspective Indiana University Indiana April 5\u20138."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_38_1","first-page":"52","volume-title":"Public Relations and Community: A Reconstructed Theory","author":"Kruckeberg D","year":"1998","unstructured":"KruckebergDStarckKPublic Relations and Community: A Reconstructed Theory199852"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.1994.11518043"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_40_1","volume-title":"NetState","author":"Lawson G","year":"1998","unstructured":"LawsonGNetState1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-8111(01)00087-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_42_1","unstructured":"Lenk K and Traunmuller R (2000). Presentation at the IFIP WG 8.5 Working Conference on Advances in Electronic Government. Zaragoza Spain Feb 10\u201311."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9299.00264"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.32.5.622"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_2_45_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"The magic bullet theory in IT-enabled transformation","volume":"38","author":"Markus ML","year":"1997","unstructured":"MarkusMLBenjaminRIThe magic bullet theory in IT-enabled transformationSloan Management Review19973825568","journal-title":"Sloan Management Review"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02683960010008944"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_47_1","volume-title":"The Focused Interview: A Manual of Problems and Procedures","author":"Merton RK","year":"1990","unstructured":"MertonRKFiskeMKendallPLThe Focused Interview: A Manual of Problems and Procedures1990"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_2_48_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Racing to e-government: using the internet for citizen service delivery","volume":"16","author":"Milford HS","year":"2000","unstructured":"MilfordHSRacing to e-government: using the internet for citizen service deliveryGovernment Finance Review20001652122","journal-title":"Government Finance Review"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/0033-3352.00196"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jpart.a003505"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_51_1","first-page":"303","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IFIP Working Group 8.2 Working Conference on Information Technology and New Emergent Forms of Organizations","author":"Mumford E","year":"1994","unstructured":"MumfordETechnology, communication and freedom: is there a relationship?Proceedings of the IFIP Working Group 8.2 Working Conference on Information Technology and New Emergent Forms of Organizations1994303322"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/977255"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_53_1","first-page":"71","volume-title":"Democracy.com? Governance in Networked World","author":"Norris P","year":"1999","unstructured":"NorrisPWho surfs? New technology, old voters, and virtual democracyDemocracy.com? Governance in Networked World19997194"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_54_1","volume-title":"The Strategic Management of Public and Third Sector Organizations","author":"Nutt PC","year":"1992","unstructured":"NuttPCBackoffRWThe Strategic Management of Public and Third Sector Organizations1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0021886397334005"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_2_56_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Managing the paradoxes of strategic change","volume":"9","author":"Nutt PC","year":"2000","unstructured":"NuttPCBackoffRWHoganMFManaging the paradoxes of strategic changeJournal of Management Studies200091531","journal-title":"Journal of Management Studies"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/249774"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_58_1","volume-title":"Paper presented at the Civil Service Systems in Comparative Perspective","author":"Oszlak O","year":"1997","unstructured":"OszlakOThe argentine civil service: an unfinished search for identifyPaper presented at the Civil Service Systems in Comparative Perspective1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/641205.641212"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Porter ME (1992) Capital choices: changing the way America invests in industry. Research Report Presented to the Council on Competitiveness and Co-sponsored by the Harvard Business School Boston.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6622.1992.tb00485.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/41165267"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_2_62_1","first-page":"79","article-title":"Co-opting customer competence","volume":"78","author":"Prahalad CK","year":"2000","unstructured":"PrahaladCKRamaswamyVCo-opting customer competenceHarvard Business Review20007817987","journal-title":"Harvard Business Review"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_63_1","first-page":"89","volume-title":"Implementation and the Policy Process: Opening up the Black Box","author":"Rainey GW","year":"1990","unstructured":"RaineyGWImplementing and managerial creativity: A study of the development of client-centric units in human service programsImplementation and the Policy Process: Opening up the Black Box199089106"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_64_1","first-page":"171","volume-title":"Bureaucratic and Governmental Reform","author":"Rainey GW","year":"1986","unstructured":"RaineyGWRaineyHGBreaching the hierarchical imperative: the modularization of the social security claims processBureaucratic and Governmental Reform1986171196"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3110348"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/975145"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jpart.a024296"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3110346"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.7.1.93"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0963-8687(99)00015-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_71_1","first-page":"227","volume-title":"Handbook of Bureaucracy","author":"Schachter HK","year":"1994","unstructured":"SchachterHKThe role of efficiency in bureaucratic studyHandbook of Bureaucracy1994227240"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_72_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 34th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences","author":"Schubert P","year":"2001","unstructured":"SchubertPH\u00e4uslerUE-government meets e-business: a portal site for startup companies in SwitzerlandProceedings of the 34th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1352-0237(96)00030-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-6261.1997.tb04820.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_75_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IFIP Working Group 8.2 Working Conference on Information Technology and New Emergent Forms of Organizations","author":"Smithson S","year":"1994","unstructured":"SmithsonSBaskervilleRNgwenyamaOPerspectives on information technology and new emergent forms of organizationsProceedings of the IFIP Working Group 8.2 Working Conference on Information Technology and New Emergent Forms of Organizations1994313"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-0237(00)00159-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_77_1","volume-title":"Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques","author":"Strauss AL","year":"1990","unstructured":"StraussALCorbinJBasics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques1990"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-8111(99)80158-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/258687"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/977482"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_81_1","volume-title":"The Adaptive Corporation","author":"Toffler A","year":"1985","unstructured":"TofflerAThe Adaptive Corporation1985"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_82_1","volume-title":"Powershift: Knowledge, Wealth and Violence at the Edge of the 21st Century","author":"Toffler A","year":"1990","unstructured":"TofflerAPowershift: Knowledge, Wealth and Violence at the Edge of the 21st Century1990"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9299.00317"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_2_84_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"IT-enabled business transformation: from automation to business scope redefinition","volume":"35","author":"Venkatraman N","year":"1994","unstructured":"VenkatramanNIT-enabled business transformation: from automation to business scope redefinitionSloan Management Review19943527387","journal-title":"Sloan Management Review"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/977339"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_86_1","volume-title":"Interpreting Information Systems in Organizations","author":"Walsham G","year":"1993","unstructured":"WalshamGInterpreting Information Systems in Organizations1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_87_1","unstructured":"WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SERVICES (1996) Strategic Information Technology Plan. Department of Information Services State of Washington Olympia WA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00953990022019588"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_89_1","first-page":"340","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications","author":"Wimmer M","year":"2000","unstructured":"WimmerMTraunmullerRTrends in electronic government: managing distributed knowledgeProceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications2000340345"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_90_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of 34th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences","author":"Wimmer M","year":"2001","unstructured":"WimmerMTraunmullerRLenkKElectronic business invading the public sector: considerations on change and designProceedings of 34th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.7.1.5"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_2_92_1","first-page":"139","article-title":"Communities of practice","volume":"78","author":"Wenger EC","year":"2000","unstructured":"WengerECSnyderWMCommunities of practiceHarvard Business Review2000781139145","journal-title":"Harvard Business Review"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_93_1","volume-title":"Case Study Research: Design and Methods","author":"Yin RK","year":"1994","unstructured":"YinRKCase Study Research: Design and Methods1994"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Information Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057\/palgrave.ejis.3000479.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1057\/palgrave.ejis.3000479\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1057\/palgrave.ejis.3000479","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057\/palgrave.ejis.3000479.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T11:07:25Z","timestamp":1770376045000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1057\/palgrave.ejis.3000479"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,12]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1057\/palgrave.ejis.3000479"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/palgrave.ejis.3000479","relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-085X","1476-9344"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-085X","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-9344","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,12]]}}}