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This paper shows how users can be given control in designing their own substrates and how this ability leads to a different approach to network data exploration. Users can create a semantic substrate, enter their data, get feedback from domain experts, edit the semantic substrate, and iteratively continue this procedure until the domain experts are satisfied with the insights they have gained. We illustrate this process in two case studies with domain experts working with legal precedents and food webs. Guidelines for designing substrates are provided, including how to locate, size, and align regions in a substrate, which attributes to choose for grouping nodes into regions, how to select placement methods and which attributes to set as parameters of the selected placement method. Throughout the paper, examples are illustrated with NVSS 2.0, the network visualization tool developed to explore the semantic substrate idea.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.ivs.9500162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,22]],"date-time":"2007-11-22T02:44:42Z","timestamp":1195699482000},"page":"281-300","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Designing Semantic Substrates for Visual Network Exploration"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Aleks","family":"Aris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science Department & Human\u2013Computer Interaction Lab, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, U.S.A."}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Shneiderman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science Department & Human\u2013Computer Interaction Lab, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, U.S.A."}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-palgrave.ivs.9500162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/2945.841119"},{"key":"bibr2-palgrave.ivs.9500162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.ivs.9500013"},{"key":"bibr3-palgrave.ivs.9500162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sindre G, Gulla B, Jokstad H. Onion graphs: Aesthetic and layout,\n                      Proceedings of the 1993 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages\n                      1993 (Bergen, Norway), IEEE Computer Society Press; Silver Spring, MD, 1993; 287\u2013291.","DOI":"10.1109\/VL.1993.269613"},{"key":"bibr4-palgrave.ivs.9500162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2006.166"},{"key":"bibr5-palgrave.ivs.9500162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1168149.1168168"},{"key":"bibr6-palgrave.ivs.9500162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bilgic M, Licamele L, Getoor L, Shneiderman B. D-Dupe: An interactive too for entity resolution in social networks.\n                      IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology\n                      2006 (Baltimore, MD), IEEE Computer Society; Silver Spring, MD, 2006; 43\u201350.","DOI":"10.1109\/VAST.2006.261429"},{"key":"bibr7-palgrave.ivs.9500162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvlc.2006.01.001"},{"key":"bibr8-palgrave.ivs.9500162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Storey MA, Musen M, Silva J, Best C, Ernst N, Fergerson R, Noy N. Jambalaya: Interactive visualization to enhance ontology authoring and knowledge acquisition in Protege. Workshop on Interactive Tools for Knowledge Capture 2001 (Victoria, BC, Canada).","DOI":"10.1145\/502716.502778"},{"key":"bibr9-palgrave.ivs.9500162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1124772.1124891"},{"key":"bibr10-palgrave.ivs.9500162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IV.2005.86"},{"key":"bibr11-palgrave.ivs.9500162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/21.278993"},{"key":"bibr12-palgrave.ivs.9500162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Munzner T, Guimbretiere F, Robertson G. Constellation: A visualization tool for linguistic queries from MindNet.\n                      The 1999 IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization\n                      1999 (San Francisco, CA); 132\u2013135 + 154.","DOI":"10.1109\/INFVIS.1999.801869"},{"key":"bibr13-palgrave.ivs.9500162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dwyer T, Koren Y. Dig-CoLa: Directed graph layout through constrained energy minimization.\n                      Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization\n                      2005 (Minneapolis, MN), IEEE Computer Society: Washington, DC, USA, 2005; 65\u201372.","DOI":"10.1109\/INFVIS.2005.1532130"},{"key":"bibr14-palgrave.ivs.9500162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2006.156"},{"key":"bibr15-palgrave.ivs.9500162","unstructured":"Swayne DF, Buja A, Lang DT. Exploratory visual analysis of graphs in GGobi.\n                      Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Distributed Statistical Computing (DSC 2003)\n                      2003 (Vienna, Austria)."},{"key":"bibr16-palgrave.ivs.9500162","first-page":"105","volume-title":"Graph Drawing Softwares Mathematics and Visualization","author":"Auber D","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr17-palgrave.ivs.9500162","first-page":"190","volume":"8","author":"Wills GJ","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics"},{"key":"bibr18-palgrave.ivs.9500162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2006.122"},{"key":"bibr19-palgrave.ivs.9500162","first-page":"321","volume-title":"Special Issue on Graph Drawing Software, Springer Series in Mathematics and Visualization","author":"Brandes U","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr20-palgrave.ivs.9500162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2003-4-3-r22"},{"key":"bibr21-palgrave.ivs.9500162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/263407.263521"},{"key":"bibr22-palgrave.ivs.9500162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009771921595"},{"key":"bibr23-palgrave.ivs.9500162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VL.1993.269619"},{"key":"bibr24-palgrave.ivs.9500162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFVIS.2004.1"},{"key":"bibr25-palgrave.ivs.9500162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2006.160"},{"key":"bibr26-palgrave.ivs.9500162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/05-0379"},{"key":"bibr27-palgrave.ivs.9500162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11555261_66"},{"key":"bibr28-palgrave.ivs.9500162","unstructured":"Phan D, Xiao L, Yeh R, Hanrahan P, Winograd T. Flow map layout.\n                      Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization\n                      2005 (Mineapolis, MN), IEEE Computer Society, Washingon, DC, USA, 2005; 219\u2013224."},{"key":"bibr29-palgrave.ivs.9500162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2006.147"},{"key":"bibr30-palgrave.ivs.9500162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shneiderman B. Plaisant C. Strategies for evaluating information visualization tools: Multi-dimensional in-depth long-term case studies.\n                      Proceedings of the BELIV1906 Workshop, Advanced Visual Interfaces Conference 2006\n                      (Venice, Ialy), ACM: New York, NY, USA, 2006; 1\u20137.","DOI":"10.1145\/1168149.1168158"}],"container-title":["Information Visualization"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1057\/palgrave.ivs.9500162","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1057\/palgrave.ivs.9500162","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T19:19:48Z","timestamp":1777490388000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1057\/palgrave.ivs.9500162"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1057\/palgrave.ivs.9500162"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/palgrave.ivs.9500162","relation":{},"ISSN":["1473-8716","1473-8724"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1473-8716","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-8724","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]}}}