{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T21:26:06Z","timestamp":1792963566133,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,22]],"date-time":"2008-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1200960000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information Visualization"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Investigative analysts who work with collections of text documents connect embedded threads of evidence in order to formulate hypotheses about plans and activities of potential interest. As the number of documents and the corresponding number of concepts and entities within the documents grow larger, sense-making processes become more and more difficult for the analysts. We have developed a visual analytic system called Jigsaw that represents documents and their entities visually in order to help analysts examine them more efficiently and develop theories about potential actions more quickly. Jigsaw provides multiple coordinated views of document entities with a special emphasis on visually illustrating connections between entities across the different documents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.ivs.9500180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,4]],"date-time":"2008-06-04T11:44:49Z","timestamp":1212579889000},"page":"118-132","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":258,"title":["Jigsaw: Supporting Investigative Analysis through Interactive Visualization"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"John","family":"Stasko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Interactive Computing & GVU Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"G\u00f6rg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Interactive Computing & GVU Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhicheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Interactive Computing & GVU Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-palgrave.ivs.9500180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/169059.169209"},{"key":"bibr2-palgrave.ivs.9500180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2006.75"},{"key":"bibr3-palgrave.ivs.9500180","volume-title":"Things That Make Us Smart: Defending Human Attributes in the Age of the Machine","author":"Norman D.","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr4-palgrave.ivs.9500180","volume-title":"Readings in Information Visualization: Using Vision to Think","author":"Card SK","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr5-palgrave.ivs.9500180","volume-title":"Illuminating the Path","author":"Thomas JJ","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr6-palgrave.ivs.9500180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2004.39"},{"key":"bibr7-palgrave.ivs.9500180","unstructured":"Pirolli P, Card S. Sensemaking processes of intelligence analysts and possible leverage points as identified through cognitive task analysis.\n                      Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Intelligence Analysis\n                      (McLean, VA). https:\/\/analysis.mitre.org\/proceedings\/index.html, May 2005."},{"key":"bibr8-palgrave.ivs.9500180","volume-title":"Psychology of Intelligence Analysis","author":"Heuer R.","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr9-palgrave.ivs.9500180","volume-title":"Analytic Culture in the United States Intelligence Community: An Ethnographic Study","author":"Johnston R.","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr10-palgrave.ivs.9500180","unstructured":"Amar R, Eagan J, Stasko J. Low-level components of analytic activity in information visualization. In\n                      Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (Info Vis \u203205)\n                      (Minneapolis, MN), IEEE Computer Society Press: Siver Spring, MD, October 2005; 111\u2013117."},{"key":"bibr11-palgrave.ivs.9500180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2005.63"},{"key":"bibr12-palgrave.ivs.9500180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2007.70515"},{"key":"bibr13-palgrave.ivs.9500180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VAST.2007.4389006"},{"key":"bibr14-palgrave.ivs.9500180","unstructured":"Jigsaw website. http:\/\/www.cc.gatech.edu\/gvu\/ii\/jigsaw (accessed 21 March 2008)."},{"key":"bibr15-palgrave.ivs.9500180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/602421.602441"},{"key":"bibr16-palgrave.ivs.9500180","unstructured":"IEEE VAST 2007 CONTEST. http:\/\/www.cs.umd.edu\/hcil\/VASTcontest07 (accessed 21 March 2008)."},{"key":"bibr17-palgrave.ivs.9500180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wise JA, Thomas JJ, Pennock K, Lantrip D, Pottier M, Schur A, Crow V. Visualizing the non-visual: Spatial analysis and interaction with information from text documents.\n                      Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (InfoVis\u203295)\n                      (Atlanta, GA), IEEE Computer Society Press: Silver Spring, MD, October 1995; 51\u201358.","DOI":"10.1109\/INFVIS.1995.528686"},{"key":"bibr18-palgrave.ivs.9500180","unstructured":"Chau M, Xu J, Chen H. Extracting meaningful entities from police narrative reports.\n                      2nd National Conference on Digital Government Research\n                      (Los Angeles, CA), 2002."},{"key":"bibr19-palgrave.ivs.9500180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/nlp.5(1st)"},{"key":"bibr20-palgrave.ivs.9500180","unstructured":"GATE - General Architecture for Text Engineering. http:\/\/gate.ac.uk\/ (accessed 21 March 2008)."},{"key":"bibr21-palgrave.ivs.9500180","unstructured":"Balie. http:\/\/balie.sourceforge.net\/ (accessed 21 March 2008)."},{"key":"bibr22-palgrave.ivs.9500180","unstructured":"FreeLing. http:\/\/garraf.epsevg.upc.es\/freeling\/ (accessed 21 March 2008)."},{"key":"bibr23-palgrave.ivs.9500180","unstructured":"Connexor. http:\/\/www.connexor.eu\/ (accessed 21 March 2008)."},{"key":"bibr24-palgrave.ivs.9500180","unstructured":"Cicero. Language Computer Corp. http:\/\/www.languagecomputer.com\/ (accessed 21 March 2008)."},{"key":"bibr25-palgrave.ivs.9500180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-77672-9_26"},{"key":"bibr26-palgrave.ivs.9500180","unstructured":"Hughes FJ. Discovery, proof, choice: The art and science of the process of intelligence analysis, case study 6, \u2018All Fall Down\u2019. Unpublished report, 2005."},{"key":"bibr27-palgrave.ivs.9500180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahlberg C, Shneiderman B. Visual information seeking: Tight coupling of dynamic query filters with starfield displays.\n                      Proceedings of ACM CHI \u203294\n                      , (Boston, MA), ACM: New York, NY, April 1994; 313\u2013317.","DOI":"10.1145\/191666.191775"},{"key":"bibr28-palgrave.ivs.9500180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bier EA, Ishak EW, Chi E. Entity workspace: An evidence file that aids memory, inference, and reading.\n                      Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Intelligence and Security Analysis (ISI \u203206)\n                      , (San Diego, CA), Springer-Verlag: Berlin, May 2006; 466\u2013472.","DOI":"10.1007\/11760146_42"},{"key":"bibr29-palgrave.ivs.9500180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/e577272012-022"},{"key":"bibr30-palgrave.ivs.9500180","unstructured":"Sanfilippo A, Baddeley B, Cowell AJ, Gregory ML, Hohimer R, Tratz S. Building a human information discourse interface to uncover scenario content.\n                      Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Intelligence Analysis\n                      (McLean, VA), https:\/\/analysis.mitre.org\/proceedings\/index.html, May 2005."},{"key":"bibr31-palgrave.ivs.9500180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1124772.1124890"},{"key":"bibr32-palgrave.ivs.9500180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VAST.2007.4389034"},{"key":"bibr33-palgrave.ivs.9500180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2008.27"},{"key":"bibr34-palgrave.ivs.9500180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1056808.1057069"},{"key":"bibr35-palgrave.ivs.9500180","unstructured":"Stasko J, G\u00f6rg C, Liu Z. Sensemaking across text documents: Human-centered, visual exploration with Jigsaw.\n                      Sensemaking Workshop @ CHI 2008\n                      (Florence, Italy), http:\/\/dmrussell.googlepages.com\/sensemakingworkshopchi2008, April 2008."},{"key":"bibr36-palgrave.ivs.9500180","unstructured":"i2 \u2013 Analyst's Notebook. http:\/\/www.i2inc.com\/ (accessed 21 March 2008)."},{"key":"bibr37-palgrave.ivs.9500180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.ivs.9500097"},{"key":"bibr38-palgrave.ivs.9500180","unstructured":"Jonker D, Wright W, Schroh D, Proulx P, Cort B. Information triage with TRIST.\n                      Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Intelligence Analysis\n                      (McLean, VA) https:\/\/analysis.mitre.org\/proceedings\/index.html, May 2005."},{"key":"bibr39-palgrave.ivs.9500180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1064830.1064834"},{"key":"bibr40-palgrave.ivs.9500180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2004.22"},{"key":"bibr41-palgrave.ivs.9500180","unstructured":"Card SK. Leverage points and tools for aiding intelligence analysis. Unpublished report presented at the 2007 Human\u2013Computer Interaction Consortium, 2007."},{"key":"bibr42-palgrave.ivs.9500180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISI.2007.379540"},{"key":"bibr43-palgrave.ivs.9500180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14639220110110324"},{"key":"bibr44-palgrave.ivs.9500180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2007.70568"},{"key":"bibr45-palgrave.ivs.9500180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1240624.1240656"},{"key":"bibr46-palgrave.ivs.9500180","unstructured":"Badalamente RV, Greitzer FL. Top ten needs for intelligence analysis tool development.\n                      Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Intelligence Analysis\n                      (McLean, VA), https:\/\/analysis.mitre.org\/proceedings\/index.html, May 2008."}],"container-title":["Information Visualization"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1057\/palgrave.ivs.9500180","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1057\/palgrave.ivs.9500180","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T19:19:51Z","timestamp":1777490391000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1057\/palgrave.ivs.9500180"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,22]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1057\/palgrave.ivs.9500180"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/palgrave.ivs.9500180","relation":{},"ISSN":["1473-8716","1473-8724"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1473-8716","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-8724","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,22]]}}}