{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T08:10:25Z","timestamp":1741680625507,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,1]],"date-time":"2008-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1220227200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information Visualization"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Spatiotemporal databases provide effective means to represent, manage and query information evolving over time. However, the visualization of record sets that result from spatiotemporal queries through traditional visualization techniques can be of difficult interpretation or may lack the ability to meaningfully display several instants at the same time. We propose a Temporal Focus + Context visualization model to overcome issues from such techniques resorting to concepts from Information Visualization. In this model, Focus + Context is applied to time rather than, as more typically, to attributes or space, and allows large amounts of data from distinct periods of time and from several record sets to be compressed onto one. Underlying the proposed visualization technique is the calculation of a temporal degree of interest (TDOI) for each record driven by specific analysis, exploration or presentation goals and based on the record valid time attribute, as well as on user-defined temporal visualization requirements. In the mapping stage of the visualization pipeline, the TDOI for a record is used to control graphical properties, such as transparency and color. More complex rendering properties, such as sketch drawing edges or other non-photorealistic enhancement techniques, can also be used to convey the temporal aspects of data, replacing the original graphical features of the record data. By enhancing or dimming the representation of a data item, according to the corresponding degree of interest, it is possible to meaningfully compress information about distinct temporal states of data onto the same visualization display. The model has been applied to several test scenarios and proved appropriate and useful for a wide range of domains that require the display, exploration and analysis of spatial information discretely evolving over time. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.ivs.9500188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,26]],"date-time":"2008-09-26T10:36:42Z","timestamp":1222425402000},"page":"265-274","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A temporal focus + context visualization model for handling valid-time spatial information"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"DEI-Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"INESC Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"A. Augusto","family":"De Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DEI-Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"INESC Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Em\u00edlia","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Fine Arts, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188","unstructured":"Richard T. Snodgrass, Michael H. Boehlen, Christian S. Jensen and Andreas Steiner. Adding valid time to SQL\/temporal, change proposal, ANSI X3H2-96-501r2, ISO\/IEC JTC1\/SC21\/ WG3 DBL MAD-146r2, November 1996, 77pp."},{"key":"bibr2-PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188","unstructured":"Richard T. Snodgrass, Michael H. Boehlen, Christian S. Jensen and Andreas Steiner. Adding transaction time to SQL\/temporal, change proposal, ANSI X3H2-96-502r2, ISO\/IEC JTC1\/SC21\/WG3 DBL MAD-147r2, November 1996, 47pp."},{"key":"bibr3-PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/69.755613"},{"key":"bibr4-PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2003.1210867"},{"key":"bibr5-PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WSC.2003.1261490"},{"volume-title":"Information Graphics: A Comprehensive Illustrated Reference.","year":"1999","author":"Harris RL.","key":"bibr6-PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188"},{"key":"bibr7-PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VISUAL.1990.146402"},{"key":"bibr8-PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188","unstructured":"Havre S, Hetzler B, Nowell L. ThemeRiver: Visualizing Theme Changes over Time. INFOVIS \u201800: Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Vizualization 2000 (Salt Lake City, UT), IEEE Computer Society: Washington, DC, USA, 2000; 115."},{"key":"bibr9-PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/288392.288399"},{"key":"bibr10-PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFVIS.1999.801851"},{"key":"bibr11-PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.1990.0128"},{"volume-title":"Case Studies of Visualization in the Social Sciences","author":"Francis B","key":"bibr12-PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188"},{"key":"bibr13-PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/506443.506505"},{"key":"bibr14-PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/967900.968153"},{"key":"bibr15-PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2006.80"},{"key":"bibr16-PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFVIS.1998.729563"},{"key":"bibr17-PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188","first-page":"30","volume":"39","author":"Harrower M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cartographic Perspectives"},{"key":"bibr18-PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188","first-page":"237","volume-title":"Cartographic Design: Theoretical and Practical Perspectives.","author":"Patton DK","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr19-PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188","unstructured":"Fabrikant S, Goldsberry K. Thematic relevance and perceptual salience of dynamic geovisualization displays. In: Proceedings of the 22th ICA\/ACI International Cartographic Conference. A Coru\u00f1a, Spain; 2005."},{"key":"bibr20-PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188","first-page":"7","volume":"13","author":"Fabrikant S","year":"2003","journal-title":"Revue Internationale de G\u00e9omatique. Num\u00e9ro sp\u00e9cial \u201ccartographie anim\u00e9e et interactive\u201d"},{"key":"bibr21-PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IV.2005.3"},{"key":"bibr22-PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/carto.42.4.349"},{"key":"bibr23-PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1559\/152304007780279096"},{"key":"bibr24-PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470987643.ch4"},{"key":"bibr25-PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1559\/152304092783721295"},{"volume-title":"How Maps Work: Representation, Visualization, and Design.","year":"1995","author":"MacEachren A.","key":"bibr26-PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188"},{"key":"bibr27-PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/caj.1992.29.2.101"},{"key":"bibr28-PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/355274.355291"},{"volume-title":"ASPRS Manual of Geographic Information Science.","year":"2008","author":"Edsall RM.","key":"bibr29-PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188"},{"volume-title":"A Generalization Approach to Temporal Data Models and Their Implementations.","year":"1998","author":"Steiner A.","key":"bibr30-PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188"},{"key":"bibr31-PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/182.358434"},{"volume-title":"How Maps Work: Representation, Visualization, and Design.","year":"2004","author":"MacEachren A.","key":"bibr32-PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188"},{"key":"bibr33-PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/22627.22342"},{"key":"bibr34-PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2004.1260759"},{"volume-title":"Readings in information visualization: using vision to think.","year":"1999","author":"Card S","key":"bibr35-PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188"},{"key":"bibr36-PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1778(199701)8:1<33::AID-VIS153>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"bibr37-PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-03567-2_12"},{"key":"bibr38-PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-34456-X_2"},{"volume-title":"IEEE 24th International Conference on Data Engineering","year":"2008","author":"Moreira J","key":"bibr39-PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188"}],"container-title":["Information Visualization"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1057\/PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1057\/PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T07:28:29Z","timestamp":1741678109000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1057\/PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3-4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1057\/PALGRAVE.IVS.9500188"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/palgrave.ivs.9500188","relation":{},"ISSN":["1473-8716","1473-8724"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1473-8716"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1473-8724"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]}}}