{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T18:17:14Z","timestamp":1787509034036,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,26]],"date-time":"2015-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Public Health Pol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"DOI":"10.1057\/jphp.2015.8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,26]],"date-time":"2015-03-26T11:16:21Z","timestamp":1427368581000},"page":"350-363","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Barriers to health and social services for street-involved youth in a Canadian setting"],"prefix":"10.1057","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Brittany","family":"Barker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Kerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kora","family":"DeBeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFjphp20158_CR1","volume-title":"Youth Homelessness in Canada: The Road to Solutions","author":"J Evenson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Evenson, J. and Barr, C. (2009) Youth Homelessness in Canada: The Road to Solutions. Toronto, Canada: Raising the Roof."},{"issue":"1","key":"BFjphp20158_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2524.1999.00152.x","volume":"7","author":"P Reid","year":"1999","unstructured":"Reid, P. and Klee, H. (1999) Young homeless people and service provision. Health & Social Care in the Community 7 (1): 17\u201324.","journal-title":"Health & Social Care in the Community"},{"issue":"10","key":"BFjphp20158_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260506291650","volume":"21","author":"KA Tyler","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tyler, K.A. (2006) A qualitative study of early family histories and transitions of homeless youth. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 21 (10): 1385\u20131393.","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"issue":"7","key":"BFjphp20158_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2007.12.004","volume":"30","author":"N Slesnick","year":"2008","unstructured":"Slesnick, N., Glassman, M., Garren, R., Toviessi, P., Bantchevska, D. and Dashora, P. (2008) How to open and sustain a drop-in center for homeless youth. Children and Youth Services Review 30 (7): 727\u2013734.","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"issue":"8","key":"BFjphp20158_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2008.142547","volume":"99","author":"P Fowler","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fowler, P., Toro, P. and Miles, B. (2009) Pathways to and from homelessness and associated psychosocial outcomes among adolescents leaving the foster care system. American Journal of Public Health 99 (8): 1453\u20131458.","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"BFjphp20158_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1097\/NNR.0b013e3181d1a8a9","volume":"59","author":"AL Hudson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hudson, A.L. et al (2010) Health-seeking challenges among homeless youth. Nursing Research 59 (3): 212\u2013218.","journal-title":"Nursing Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"BFjphp20158_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.5172\/conu.2012.42.2.178","volume":"42","author":"AL Hudson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hudson, A.L. and Nandy, K. (2012) Comparisons of substance abuse, high-risk sexual behavior and depressive symptoms among homeless youth with and without a history of foster care placement. Contemporary Nurse 42 (2): 178\u2013186.","journal-title":"Contemporary Nurse"},{"issue":"9","key":"BFjphp20158_CR8","first-page":"1","volume":"108","author":"HD Green","year":"2013","unstructured":"Green, H.D., de la Haye, K., Tucker, J.S. and Golinelli, D. (2013) Shared risk: Who engages in substance use with American homeless youth? Addiction 108 (9): 1\u20137.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"12","key":"BFjphp20158_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2009.06.010","volume":"31","author":"N Esparza","year":"2009","unstructured":"Esparza, N. (2009) Community factors influencing the prevalence of homeless youth services. Children and Youth Services Review 31 (12): 1321\u20131329.","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"BFjphp20158_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200006010-00011","volume":"24","author":"AH Kral","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kral, A.H., Lorvick, J. and Edlin, B.R. (2000) Sex- and drug-related risk among populations of younger and older injection drug users in adjacent neighborhoods in San Francisco. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 24 (2): 162\u2013167.","journal-title":"Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes"},{"issue":"4","key":"BFjphp20158_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1080\/16066350701823094","volume":"16","author":"E Lloyd-Smith","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lloyd-Smith, E., Kerr, T., Zhang, R., Montaner, J.S.G. and Wood, E. (2008) High prevalence of syringe sharing among street involved youth. Addiction Research & Theory 16 (4): 353\u2013358.","journal-title":"Addiction Research & Theory"},{"issue":"7","key":"BFjphp20158_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-010-9876-8","volume":"15","author":"BDL Marshall","year":"2011","unstructured":"Marshall, B.D.L., Shoveller, J.A., Wood, E., Patterson, T.L. and Kerr, T. (2011) Difficulty accessing syringes mediates the relationship between methamphetamine use and syringe sharing among young injection drug users. AIDS and Behavior 15 (7): 1546\u20131553.","journal-title":"AIDS and Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"BFjphp20158_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2009.241","volume":"164","author":"K Shannon","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shannon, K. et al (2010) Survival sex work involvement as a primary risk factor for Hepatitis C virus acquisition in drug-using youths in a Canadian setting. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 164 (1): 61\u201365.","journal-title":"Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"BFjphp20158_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1363\/3601104","volume":"36","author":"HW Chesson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Chesson, H.W., Blandford, J.M., Gift, T.L., Tao, G. and Irwin, K.L. (2000) The estimated direct medical cost of sexually transmitted diseases among American youth. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 36 (1): 11\u201319.","journal-title":"Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health"},{"key":"BFjphp20158_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schackman, B.R. et al The lifetime cost of current human immunodeficiency virus care in the United States. Medical Care 44 (11): 990\u2013997.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000228021.89490.2a"},{"issue":"6","key":"BFjphp20158_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-011-1638-4","volume":"26","author":"TP Baggett","year":"2011","unstructured":"Baggett, T.P., Singer, D.E., Rao, S.R., O\u2019Connell, J.J., Bharel, M. and Rigotti, N.A. (2011) Food insufficiency and health services utilization in a national sample of homeless adults. Journal of General Internal Medicine 26 (6): 627\u2013634.","journal-title":"Journal of General Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"1 Pt 1","key":"BFjphp20158_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2007.00755.x","volume":"43","author":"N Slesnick","year":"2008","unstructured":"Slesnick, N., Kang, M.J., Bonomi, A.E. and Prestopnik, J.L. (2008) Six- and twelve-month outcomes among homeless youth accessing therapy and case management services through an urban drop-in center. Health Services Research 43 (1 Pt 1): 211\u2013229.","journal-title":"Health Services Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"BFjphp20158_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-010-9451-7","volume":"87","author":"ME Wilson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wilson, M.E., Schwartz, R.P., O\u2019Grady, K.E. and Jaffe, J.H. (2010) Impact of interim methadone maintenance on HIV risk behaviors. Journal of Urban Health 87 (4): 586\u2013591.","journal-title":"Journal of Urban Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"BFjphp20158_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2013.07.007","volume":"24","author":"BX Tran","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tran, B.X. and Nguyen, L.T. (2013) Impact of methadone maintenance on health utility, health care utilization and expenditure in drug users with HIV\/AIDS. International Journal of Drug Policy 24 (6): 105\u2013110.","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"BFjphp20158_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evalprogplan.2005.09.001","volume":"29","author":"SJ Thompson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Thompson, S.J., McManus, H., Lantry, J., Windsor, L. and Flynn, P. (2006) Insights from the street: Perceptions of services and providers by homeless young adults. Evaluation and Program Planning 29 (1): 34\u201343.","journal-title":"Evaluation and Program Planning"},{"issue":"3","key":"BFjphp20158_CR21","first-page":"282","volume":"18","author":"A Kr\u00fcsi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kr\u00fcsi, A., Fast, D., Small, W., Wood, E. and Kerr, T. (2010) Social and structural barriers to housing among street-involved youth who use illicit drugs. Health and Social Care in the Community 18 (3): 282\u2013288.","journal-title":"Health and Social Care in the Community"},{"issue":"1","key":"BFjphp20158_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7517-3-18","volume":"3","author":"E Wood","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wood, E., Stoltz, J-A., Montaner, J.S. and Kerr, T. (2006) Evaluating methamphetamine use and risks of injection initiation among street youth: The ARYS study. Harm Reduction Journal 3 (1): 18\u201324.","journal-title":"Harm Reduction Journal"},{"issue":"6","key":"BFjphp20158_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/4.6.381","volume":"4","author":"N Haley","year":"1999","unstructured":"Haley, N. and Roy, E. (1999) Canadian street youth: Who are they? What are their needs? Paediatrics & Child Health 4 (6): 381\u2013383.","journal-title":"Paediatrics & Child Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"BFjphp20158_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf215","volume":"157","author":"JA Hanley","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hanley, J.A., Negassa, A., Edwardes, M.D.D. and Forrester, J.E. (2003) Statistical analysis of correlated data using generalized estimating equations: An orientation. American Journal of Epidemiology 157 (4): 364\u2013375.","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"BFjphp20158_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341X.2001.00120.x","volume":"57","author":"W Pan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pan, W. (2001) Akaike\u2019s information criterion in generalized estimating equations. Biometrics 57 (1): 120\u2013125.","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"BFjphp20158_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evalprogplan.2008.04.012","volume":"31","author":"S Garrett","year":"2008","unstructured":"Garrett, S., Higa, D., Phares, M., Peterson, P., Wells, E. and Baer, J. (2008) Homeless youths\u2019 perceptions of services and transitions to stable housing. Evaluation and Program Planning 31 (4): 436\u2013444.","journal-title":"Evaluation and Program Planning"},{"issue":"2","key":"BFjphp20158_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2005.09.002","volume":"17","author":"K Shannon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shannon, K, Ishida, T, Lai, C and Tyndall, M.W. (2006) The impact of unregulated single room occupancy hotels on the health status of illicit drug users in Vancouver. International Journal of Drug Policy 17 (2): 107\u2013114.","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"issue":"2","key":"BFjphp20158_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1584.2011.01186.x","volume":"19","author":"KE McBain-Rigg","year":"2011","unstructured":"McBain-Rigg, K.E. and Veitch, C. (2011) Cultural barriers to health care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders in Mount Isa. Australian Journal of Rural Health 19 (2): 70\u201374.","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Rural Health"},{"key":"BFjphp20158_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2013.06.003","volume":"23","author":"T Cheng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cheng, T. et al (2013) Transitions into and out of homelessness among street-involved youth in a Canadian setting. Health & Place 23: 122\u2013127.","journal-title":"Health & Place"},{"issue":"2","key":"BFjphp20158_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1177\/019394590102300203","volume":"23","author":"AJ Browne","year":"2001","unstructured":"Browne, A.J. and Fiske, J.A. (2001) First nations women\u2019s encounters with mainstream health care services. Western Journal of Nursing Research 23 (2): 126\u2013147.","journal-title":"Western Journal of Nursing Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"BFjphp20158_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2008.12.005","volume":"15","author":"B Marshall","year":"2009","unstructured":"Marshall, B., Kerr, T., Shoveller, J.A., Patterson, T., Buxton, J. and Wood, E. (2009) Homelessness and unstable housing associated with an increased risk of HIV and STI transmission among street-involved youth. Health & Place 15 (3): 753\u2013760.","journal-title":"Health & Place"},{"issue":"5","key":"BFjphp20158_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.5.569","volume":"292","author":"E Roy","year":"2004","unstructured":"Roy, E., Haley, N., Leclerc, P., Sochanski, B., Boudreau, J. and Boivin, J. (2004) Mortality in a cohort of street youth in Montreal. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 292 (5): 569\u2013574.","journal-title":"JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"BFjphp20158_CR33","volume-title":"National at Home\/Chez Soi Final Report","author":"P Goering","year":"2014","unstructured":"Goering, P. et al (2014) National at Home\/Chez Soi Final Report. Calgary, Canada: Mental Health Commission of Canada."},{"issue":"10","key":"BFjphp20158_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.3109\/10826084.2014.891618","volume":"49","author":"M Phillips","year":"2014","unstructured":"Phillips, M. et al (2014) Inability to access addiction treatment among street-involved youth in a Canadian setting. Substance Use & Misuse 49 (10): 1233\u20131240.","journal-title":"Substance Use & Misuse"},{"issue":"3","key":"BFjphp20158_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.7202\/1069395ar","volume":"3","author":"C Baskin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Baskin, C. (2007) Aboriginal youth talk about structural determinants as the causes of their homelessness. First Peoples Child and Family Review 3 (3): 31\u201342.","journal-title":"First Peoples Child and Family Review"},{"issue":"s2","key":"BFjphp20158_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S62","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit305","volume":"57","author":"M Alavi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Alavi, M. et al (2013) Assessment and treatment of Hepatitis C virus infection among people who inject drugs in the opioid substitution setting: ETHOS Study. Clinical Infectious Diseases 57 (s2): S62\u2013S69.","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"10","key":"BFjphp20158_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.081445","volume":"179","author":"D Peiris","year":"2008","unstructured":"Peiris, D., Brown, A. and Cass, A. (2008) Addressing inequities in access to quality health care for Indigenous people. Canadian Medical Association Journal 179 (10): 985\u2013986.","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Association Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"BFjphp20158_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200406010-00013","volume":"36","author":"E Wood","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wood, E. et al (2004) Inability to access addiction treatment and risk of HIV infection among injection drug users. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 36 (2): 750\u2013754.","journal-title":"JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes"},{"key":"BFjphp20158_CR39","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). (2015) Adolescent responsive health systems. World Health Organization, http:\/\/www.who.int\/maternal_child_adolescent\/topics\/adolescence\/health_services\/en\/ , accessed 20 December 2014."},{"issue":"3","key":"BFjphp20158_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(98)00028-3","volume":"51","author":"S Darke","year":"1998","unstructured":"Darke, S. (1998) Self-report among injecting drug users: A review. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 51 (3): 253\u2013263.","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"6","key":"BFjphp20158_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-139X(03)00052-1","volume":"33","author":"ND Brener","year":"2003","unstructured":"Brener, N.D., Billy, J.O.G. and Grady, W.R. (2003) Assessment of factors affecting the validity of self-reported health-risk behavior among adolescents: Evidence from the scientific literature. Journal of Adolescent Health 33 (6): 436\u2013457.","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Health"}],"container-title":["Journal of Public Health Policy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057\/jphp.2015.8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1057\/jphp.2015.8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057\/jphp.2015.8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057\/jphp.2015.8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T21:29:25Z","timestamp":1717795765000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1057\/jphp.2015.8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,26]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]}},"alternative-id":["BFjphp20158"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/jphp.2015.8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0197-5897","1745-655X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0197-5897","type":"print"},{"value":"1745-655X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,26]]}}}