{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T04:11:40Z","timestamp":1749096700040,"version":"3.41.0"},"publisher-location":"London","reference-count":86,"publisher":"Palgrave Macmillan UK","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9781137504616"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9781137504623"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"DOI":"10.1057\/978-1-137-50462-3_4","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,2]],"date-time":"2016-08-02T12:23:13Z","timestamp":1470140593000},"page":"63-82","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Bologna Process Implementation Problems"],"prefix":"10.1057","author":[{"given":"Cristina","family":"Sin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Am\u00e9lia","family":"Veiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"4_CR1","first-page":"25","volume":"36","author":"A Amaral","year":"2012","unstructured":"Amaral, A., & Veiga, A. (2012). The European Higher Education Area: Various perspectives on the complexities of a multi-level governance system. Educa\u00e7\u00e3o Sociedade & Culturas, 36, 25\u201348.","journal-title":"Educa\u00e7\u00e3o Sociedade & Culturas"},{"key":"4_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amaral, A., & Neave, G. (2009). On Bologna, Weasels and Creeping Competence. In A. Amaral, G. Neave, C. Musselin, & P. Maassen (Eds.), European Integration and the Governance of Higher Education and Research (pp. 281\u2013299). Dordrecht: Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-9505-4_12"},{"key":"4_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-9505-4","volume-title":"European integration and governance of higher education and research","author":"A Amaral","year":"2009","unstructured":"Amaral, A., & Neave, G. (2009a). On Bologna, weasels and creeping competence. In A. Amaral, G. Neave, C. Musselin, & P. Maassen (Eds.), European integration and governance of higher education and research (pp. 271\u2013289). Dordrecht: Springer."},{"key":"4_CR3","first-page":"82","volume-title":"International organizations and higher education policy: Thinking globally, acting locally?","author":"A Amaral","year":"2009","unstructured":"Amaral, A., & Neave, G. (2009b). The OECD and its influence in higher education: A critical revision. In A. Maldonado & R. Bassett (Eds.), International organizations and higher education policy: Thinking globally, acting locally? (pp. 82\u201398). New York and London: Taylor & Francis."},{"issue":"4","key":"4_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1080\/07036330600853919","volume":"28","author":"SS Andersen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Andersen, S. S., & Sitter, N. (2006). Differentiated integration: What is it and how much can the EU accommodate? Journal of European Integration, 28(4), 313\u2013330.","journal-title":"Journal of European Integration"},{"key":"4_CR5","volume-title":"Europeanization and multilevel governance\u2014Cohesion policy in the EU and Britain","author":"I Bache","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bache, I. (2008). Europeanization and multilevel governance\u2014Cohesion policy in the EU and Britain. London: Blackwell Publishing."},{"key":"4_CR6","volume-title":"Education reform: A critical and post-structural approach","author":"S Ball","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ball, S. (2004). Education reform: A critical and post-structural approach. Buckingham: Open University Press."},{"key":"4_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5771\/9781461636205","volume-title":"Pedagogy, symbolic control and identity","author":"B Bernstein","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bernstein, B. (2000). Pedagogy, symbolic control and identity. Oxford: Rowman Littlefield."},{"key":"4_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.4135\/9781446220092.n7","volume-title":"Making policy in Europe","author":"E Beukel","year":"2001","unstructured":"Beukel, E. (2001). Educational policy: Institutionalization and multi-level governance. In S. S. Andersson & A. K. Eliassen (Eds.), Making policy in Europe (pp. 124\u2013139). London: Sage."},{"issue":"2","key":"4_CR9","first-page":"15","volume":"16","author":"M Biagi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Biagi, M. (2000). The impact of European employment strategy on the role of labour law and industrial relations. International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations, 16(2), 15\u2013173.","journal-title":"International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations"},{"issue":"2","key":"4_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1080\/1350176042000194395","volume":"11","author":"S Borras","year":"2004","unstructured":"Borras, S., & Jacobsson, K. (2004). The open method of coordination and new governance patterns in the EU. Journal of European Public Policy, 11(2), 185\u2013208.","journal-title":"Journal of European Public Policy"},{"key":"4_CR11","unstructured":"B\u00f6rzel, T. A. (2003). How the European Union interacts with its member states. Political Science Series, 93. Retrieved 7 July 2015, from https:\/\/www.ihs.ac.at\/publications\/pol\/pw_93.pdf ."},{"key":"4_CR12","volume-title":"Reforming education and changing schools: Case studies in policy sociology","author":"R Bowe","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bowe, R., Ball, S., & Gold, A. (1992). Reforming education and changing schools: Case studies in policy sociology. London: Routledge."},{"issue":"4","key":"4_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1080\/13501763.2011.560490","volume":"18","author":"G Capano","year":"2011","unstructured":"Capano, G., & Piattoni, S. (2011). From Bologna to Lisbon: The political uses of the Lisbon \u2018script\u2019 in European higher education policy. Journal of European Public Policy, 18(4), 584\u2013606.","journal-title":"Journal of European Public Policy"},{"key":"4_CR14","volume-title":"Great expectations and mixed performance: The implementation of higher education reforms in Europe","author":"L Cerych","year":"1986","unstructured":"Cerych, L., & Sabatier, P. (1986). Great expectations and mixed performance: The implementation of higher education reforms in Europe. Trentham: European Institute of Education and Social Policy."},{"key":"4_CR15","volume-title":"The Bologna Process independent assessment\u2014The first decade of working on the European Higher Education Area","author":"CHEPS and INCHER-Kassel and ECOTEC consortium","year":"2010","unstructured":"CHEPS and INCHER-Kassel and ECOTEC consortium. (2010). The Bologna Process independent assessment\u2014The first decade of working on the European Higher Education Area. Brussels: European Commission."},{"key":"4_CR16","volume-title":"Trends V: Universities shaping the European Higher Education Area","author":"D Crosier","year":"2007","unstructured":"Crosier, D., Purser, L., & Smidt, H. (2007). Trends V: Universities shaping the European Higher Education Area. Brussels: EUA."},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0386.00141","volume":"8","author":"C Porte De la","year":"2002","unstructured":"De la Porte, C. (2002). Is the open method of coordination appropriate for organising activities at European level in sensitive policy areas? European Law Journal, 8(1), 38\u201358.","journal-title":"European Law Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"4_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1080\/1350176042000194430","volume":"11","author":"C Porte De la","year":"2004","unstructured":"De la Porte, C., & Nanz, P. (2004). The OMC\u2014A deliberative-democratic mode of governance? The cases of employment and pensions. Journal of European Public Policy, 11(2), 267\u2013288.","journal-title":"Journal of European Public Policy"},{"issue":"4","key":"4_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1080\/07036330701502498","volume":"29","author":"J-E Neve De","year":"2007","unstructured":"De Neve, J.-E. (2007). The European onion? How differentiated integration is reshaping the EU. Journal of European Integration, 29(4), 503\u2013521.","journal-title":"Journal of European Integration"},{"key":"4_CR20","unstructured":"Dehousse, R. (2002). The open method of coordination: A new policy paradigm?. Paper presented at the First Pan-European Conference on European Union Politics: The Politics of European Integration: Academic Acquis and Future Challenges, Bordeaux. Retrieved 20 February 2012, from http:\/\/eucenter.wisc.edu\/OMC\/Papers\/Dehousse.pdf"},{"key":"4_CR21","volume-title":"The unemployment problem in Europe: Lessons from implementing the OECD jobs strategy","author":"J Elmeskov","year":"1998","unstructured":"Elmeskov, J. (1998). The unemployment problem in Europe: Lessons from implementing the OECD jobs strategy. Florence: European University Institute."},{"key":"4_CR22","unstructured":"Emmanouilidis, J. A. (2007). Institutional consequences of differentiated integration. [Discussion Paper]. C.A.P. Discussion Paper."},{"key":"4_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-9505-4_7","volume-title":"European integration and the governance of higher education and research","author":"J Enders","year":"2009","unstructured":"Enders, J., & De Boer, H. (2009). The mission impossible of the European University. In A. Amaral, G. Neave, C. Musselin, & P. Maaasses (Eds.), European integration and the governance of higher education and research (pp. 159\u2013178). Dordrecht: Springer."},{"key":"4_CR24","volume-title":"Bologna at the finish line: An account of ten years of European higher education reform","author":"ESU","year":"2010","unstructured":"ESU. (2010). Bologna at the finish line: An account of ten years of European higher education reform. Brussels: ESU."},{"key":"4_CR83","unstructured":"European Council. (2000). Conclusions of Lisbon European Council. Lisbon: European Council."},{"key":"4_CR25","volume-title":"Progress towards the Lisbon objectives in education and training: Report based on indicators and benchmarks","author":"European Commission","year":"2006","unstructured":"European Commission. (2006). Progress towards the Lisbon objectives in education and training: Report based on indicators and benchmarks. Brussels: European Commission."},{"key":"4_CR26","unstructured":"Goetschy, J. (2004). The open method of coordination and the Lisbon strategy: The difficult road from potentials to results. Paper presented at the IIRA 7th European Congress, Estoril, Portugal, September 7\u201311."},{"key":"4_CR27","unstructured":"Gornitzka, \u00c5. (2005). Coordinating policies for a \u201cEurope of Knowledge\u201d: Emerging practices of the \u201cOpen Method of Coordination\u201d in education and research. Oslo: ARENA\u2014Centre for European Studies, University of Oslo."},{"key":"4_CR28","first-page":"165","volume-title":"Towards a cartography of higher education policy change","author":"\u00c5 Gornitzka","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gornitzka, \u00c5. (2007). Historical legacies and new modes of governance in European higher education policy\u2014The inception of the open method of coordination. In J. Enders & F. van Vught (Eds.), Towards a cartography of higher education policy change (pp. 165\u2013172). Enschede: CHEPS\/University of Twente Press."},{"key":"4_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-9505-4_5","volume-title":"European integration and the governance of higher education and research","author":"A Gornitzka","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gornitzka, A. (2009). Networking administration in areas of national sensitivity: The commission and European higher education. In A. Amaral, G. Neave, C. Musselin, & P. Maassen (Eds.), European integration and the governance of higher education and research (pp. 109\u2013132). Dordrecht: Springer."},{"issue":"4","key":"4_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-3435.2010.01452.x","volume":"45","author":"\u00c5 Gornitzka","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gornitzka, \u00c5. (2010). Bologna in context: A horizontal perspective on the dynamics of governance sites for a Europe of knowledge. European Journal of Education, 45(4), 535\u2013548.","journal-title":"European Journal of Education"},{"key":"4_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gornitzka, \u00c5., Kogan, M., & Amaral, A. (Eds.). (2005a). Reform and change in higher education: Analysing policy implementation. Dordrecht: Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/1-4020-3411-3"},{"key":"4_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gornitzka, \u00c5., Kyvik, S., & Stensaker, B. (2005b). Implementation analysis in higher education. In A. Gornitzka, M. Kogan, & A. Amaral (Eds.), Reform and change in higher education (pp. 35\u201356). Dordrecht: Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/1-4020-3411-3_3"},{"key":"4_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hemerijck, A. (2002). The Self-transformation of the European social model(s). Retrieved 20 February 2012, from http:\/\/www.eucenter.wisc.edu\/OMC\/Papers\/Hemerijck.pdf","DOI":"10.1093\/0199256438.003.0006"},{"key":"4_CR34","unstructured":"Hemerijck, A., & Visser, J. (2003). Policy learning in European Welfare State. Unpublished manuscript, University of Amsterdam."},{"issue":"2","key":"4_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1080\/13501763.2012.641747","volume":"19","author":"K Holzinger","year":"2012","unstructured":"Holzinger, K., & Schimmelfennig, F. (2012). Differentiated integration in the European Union: Many concepts, sparse theory, few data. Journal of European Public Policy, 19(2), 292\u2013305.","journal-title":"Journal of European Public Policy"},{"key":"4_CR36","volume-title":"Multi-level governance and European integration","author":"L Hooghe","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hooghe, L., & Marks, G. (2001). Multi-level governance and European integration. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield."},{"issue":"2","key":"4_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1080\/1350176042000194421","volume":"11","author":"R Kaiser","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kaiser, R., & Prange, H. (2004). Managing diversity in a system of multi-level governance: The open method of co-ordination in innovation policy. Journal of European Public Policy, 11(2), 249\u2013266.","journal-title":"Journal of European Public Policy"},{"key":"4_CR38","volume-title":"Governance","author":"A Kjaer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kjaer, A. (2010a). Governance. Cambridge: Polity."},{"key":"4_CR39","volume-title":"Between governing and governance: On the emergence, function and form of Europe\u2019s post-national constellation","author":"P Kjaer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kjaer, P. (2010b). Between governing and governance: On the emergence, function and form of Europe\u2019s post-national constellation. Oxford: Hart Publishing."},{"key":"4_CR40","volume-title":"Facing the challenge\u2014The Lisbon strategy for growth and employment","author":"W Kok","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kok, W. (2004). Facing the challenge\u2014The Lisbon strategy for growth and employment. Luxembourg: European Communities."},{"issue":"4","key":"4_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1080\/01402380108425468","volume":"24","author":"A K\u00f6lliker","year":"2001","unstructured":"K\u00f6lliker, A. (2001). Bringing together or driving apart the union? Towards a theory of differentiated integration. West European Politics, 24(4), 125\u2013151.","journal-title":"West European Politics"},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0491.2007.00342.x","volume":"20","author":"P Lascoumes","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lascoumes, P., & Gal\u00e8s, P. L. (2007). Introduction: Understanding public policy through its instruments\u2014From the nature of instruments to sociology of public policy instrumentation. Governance: An International Journal of Policy, Administration and Institutions, 20(1), 1\u201321.","journal-title":"Governance: An International Journal of Policy, Administration and Institutions"},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s10734-012-9583-7","volume":"65","author":"A Magalh\u00e3es","year":"2013","unstructured":"Magalh\u00e3es, A., Veiga, A., Ribeiro, F., Sousa, S., & Santiago, R. (2013). Creating a common grammar for European higher education governance. Higher Education, 65(1), 95\u2013112.","journal-title":"Higher Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"4_CR44","first-page":"690","volume":"49","author":"EG Manouvelos","year":"2011","unstructured":"Manouvelos, E. G. (2011). The theory of multi-level governance: Conceptual, empirical and normative challenges\u2014By S. Piattoni. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 49(3), 690\u2013691.","journal-title":"JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies"},{"key":"4_CR45","unstructured":"Mosher, J. (2000). Open method of coordination: Functional and political origins. Paper presented at the conclusion of the Lisbon sumit, 23\u201324 March."},{"key":"4_CR46","first-page":"175","volume-title":"European integration and the governance of higher education and research","author":"C Musselin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Musselin, C. (2009). The side effects of the Bologna Process on national institutional settings: The case of France. In A. Alberto, G. Neave, C. Musselin, & P. Maassen (Eds.), European integration and the governance of higher education and research (pp. 175\u2013198). Dordrecht: Springer."},{"key":"4_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neave G. (2002). Anything goes: Or, how the accommodation of Europe\u2019s Universities to European integration integrates\u2014An inspiring number of contradictions. Boletim da Universidade do Porto, 10.35.","DOI":"10.1080\/13583883.2002.9967078"},{"key":"4_CR48","unstructured":"Neave G. (2004) \u2018Europhiliacs, Eurosceptics and Europhobics: Higher education policy, values and institutional research\u2019, 26th Annual Forum. Barcelona: Presidential Address to the 26th Annual Meeting of EAIR."},{"key":"4_CR86","unstructured":"Neave, G. (2005).On snowballs, slopes and the process of Bologna: some testy reflections on the advance of higher education in Europe. ARENA \u2013 Centre for European Studies, University of Oslo."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"4_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2273.2008.00380.x","volume":"62","author":"G Neave","year":"2008","unstructured":"Neave, G., & Amaral, A. (2008). On process, progress, success and methodology or the unfolding of the Bologna Process as it appears to two reasonably benign observers. Higher Education Quarterly, 62(1\u20132), 40\u201362.","journal-title":"Higher Education Quarterly"},{"key":"4_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-2135-7","volume-title":"Higher education in Portugal 1974\u20132009\u2014A nation, a generation","author":"G Neave","year":"2012","unstructured":"Neave, G., & Amaral, A. (2012). Introduction. On exceptionalism: The nation, a generation and higher education, Portugal 1974\u20132009. In G. Neave & A. Amaral (Eds.), Higher education in Portugal 1974\u20132009\u2014A nation, a generation (pp. 1\u201348). Dordrecht: Springer."},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s10734-012-9590-8","volume":"66","author":"G Neave","year":"2013","unstructured":"Neave, G., & Veiga, A. (2013). The Bologna Process: Inception, \u2018take up\u2019 and familiarity. Higher Education, 66(1), 59\u201377.","journal-title":"Higher Education"},{"key":"4_CR52","volume-title":"European coordination, local effects? Towards an effective implementation of the European social inclusion strategy in the Netherlands","author":"Netherlands Council for Social Development","year":"2004","unstructured":"Netherlands Council for Social Development. (2004). European coordination, local effects? Towards an effective implementation of the European social inclusion strategy in the Netherlands. The Hague: Netherlands Council for Social Development."},{"key":"4_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203861684","volume-title":"The new public governance: Emerging perspectives on the theory and practice of public governance","author":"S Osborne","year":"2010","unstructured":"Osborne, S. (2010). The new public governance: Emerging perspectives on the theory and practice of public governance. London: Routledge."},{"key":"4_CR54","volume-title":"Implementation\u2014How great expectations in Washington are dashed in Oakland; or, why it\u2019s amazing that Federal Programs work at all, this being a Saga of the economic development administration","author":"LJ Pressman","year":"1984","unstructured":"Pressman, L. J., & Wildavsky, A. (1984). Implementation\u2014How great expectations in Washington are dashed in Oakland; or, why it\u2019s amazing that Federal Programs work at all, this being a Saga of the economic development administration. California: University of California Press."},{"issue":"4","key":"4_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9248.1996.tb01747.x","volume":"44","author":"RAW Rhodes","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rhodes, R. A. W. (1996). The new governance: Governing without government. Political Studies, 44(4), 652\u2013667.","journal-title":"Political Studies"},{"key":"4_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511521775","volume-title":"Governance without government: Order and change in world politics","author":"J Rosenau","year":"1992","unstructured":"Rosenau, J., & Czempiel, E. (1992). Governance without government: Order and change in world politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"4_CR57","first-page":"117","volume-title":"Theories of the Policy Process","author":"P Sabatier","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sabatier, P., & Jenkins-Smith, H. C. (1999). The advocacy coallition framework: An assessment. In P. Sabatier (Ed.), Theories of the Policy Process (pp. 117\u2013166). Colorado: Westview Press."},{"key":"4_CR58","volume-title":"The tools of government: A guide to the new governance","author":"L Salamon","year":"2002","unstructured":"Salamon, L. (2002). The tools of government: A guide to the new governance. Oxford: Oxford University Press."},{"key":"4_CR59","unstructured":"Sch\u00e4fer, A. (2002). Vier Perspektiven zur Entstehung und Entwicklung der \"Europ\u00e4ischen Besch\u00e4ftigungspolitik."},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9477.00044","volume":"24","author":"WF Scharpf","year":"2001","unstructured":"Scharpf, W. F. (2001). Notes toward a theory of multilevel governing in Europe. Scandinavian Political Studies, 24(1), 1\u201326.","journal-title":"Scandinavian Political Studies"},{"issue":"3","key":"4_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1057\/hep.2013.27","volume":"27","author":"C Sin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sin, C., & Manatos, M. J. (2014). Student assessment in Portugal: Academic practice and Bologna policy. Higher Education Policy, 27(3), 323\u2013340.","journal-title":"Higher Education Policy"},{"issue":"4","key":"4_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1111\/ejed.12072","volume":"49","author":"C Sin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sin, C., & Saunders, M. (2014). Selective acquiescence, creative commitment and strategic conformity: Situated national policy responses to Bologna. European Journal of Education, 49(4), 529\u2013542.","journal-title":"European Journal of Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"4_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-3435.2012.01533.x","volume":"47","author":"C Sin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sin, C. (2012a). Academic understandings of and responses to Bologna: A three-country perspective. European Journal of Education, 47(3), 392\u2013404.","journal-title":"European Journal of Education"},{"key":"4_CR64","unstructured":"Sin, C. (2012b). Loose policy and local adaptation\u2014A comparative study of Master Degrees in the context of the Bologna Process. Doctoral dissertation, Lancaster University, Lancaster."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"4_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1080\/21568235.2012.702437","volume":"2","author":"C Sin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sin, C. (2012b). The Bologna master degree in search of an identity. European Journal of Higher Education, 2(2\u20133), 174\u2013186.","journal-title":"European Journal of Higher Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1080\/13583883.2012.738241","volume":"19","author":"C Sin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sin, C. (2013). The devil in the detail: Contradictory national requirements and Bologna master degrees. Tertiary Education and Management, 19(1), 16\u201331.","journal-title":"Tertiary Education and Management"},{"issue":"10","key":"4_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1080\/03075079.2013.806463","volume":"39","author":"C Sin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sin, C. (2014a). Lost in translation: The meaning of learning outcomes across national and institutional policy contexts. Studies in Higher Education, 39(10), 1823\u20131837.","journal-title":"Studies in Higher Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"4_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s10734-014-9721-5","volume":"68","author":"C Sin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sin, C. (2014b). The policy object: A different perspective on policy enactment in higher education. Higher Education, 68(3), 435\u2013448.","journal-title":"Higher Education"},{"key":"4_CR69","first-page":"181","volume-title":"Transformations des disciplines acad\u00e9miques: Entre innovation et r\u00e9sistance","author":"C Sin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sin, C. (2015). Les r\u00e9sultats d\u2019apprentissage entre essor politique et pratiques disciplinaires. In A. Gorga & J. P. Leresche (Eds.), Transformations des disciplines acad\u00e9miques: Entre innovation et r\u00e9sistance (pp. 181\u2013194). Paris: Editions des archives contemporaines."},{"issue":"2","key":"4_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-5965.1996.tb00573.x","volume":"34","author":"A Stubb","year":"1996","unstructured":"Stubb, A. (1996). A categorization of differentiated integration. Journal of Common Market Studies, 34(2), 283\u2013295.","journal-title":"Journal of Common Market Studies"},{"key":"4_CR71","unstructured":"T\u00f6mmel, I., & Verdun, A. (Eds). (2009). Innovative governance in European Union: The politics of multilevel policymaking. German Law Journal. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers."},{"key":"4_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trowler, P. (2003). Education Policy. 2nd edition. New York: Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203417850"},{"key":"4_CR72","unstructured":"Veiga, A. (2010). Bologna and the institutionalisation of the European Higher Education Area. Doctoral dissertation, Universidade do Porto, Porto."},{"issue":"3","key":"4_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-3435.2012.01532.x","volume":"47","author":"A Veiga","year":"2012","unstructured":"Veiga, A. (2012). Bologna 2010. The moment of truth? European Journal of Education, 47(3), 378\u2013391.","journal-title":"European Journal of Education"},{"key":"4_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-6209-545-8_7","volume-title":"European and Latin American higher education between mirrors","author":"A Veiga","year":"2014","unstructured":"Veiga, A. (2014). Researching the Bologna Process through the lens of the policy cycle. In A. Teodoro & M. Guilherme (Eds.), European and Latin American higher education between mirrors (pp. 91\u2013108). Rotterdam: Sense Publishers."},{"issue":"4","key":"4_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1080\/13583883.2006.9967174","volume":"12","author":"A Veiga","year":"2006","unstructured":"Veiga, A., & Amaral, A. (2006). The open method of coordination and the implementation of the Bologna Process. Tertiary Education and Management, 12(4), 283\u2013295.","journal-title":"Tertiary Education and Management"},{"key":"4_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-9505-4_6","volume-title":"European integration and the governance of higher education and research","author":"A Veiga","year":"2009","unstructured":"Veiga, A., & Amaral, A. (2009a). Policy implementation tools and European governance. In A. Amaral, G. Neave, C. Musselin, & P. Maassen (Eds.), European integration and the governance of higher education and research (pp. 133\u2013157). Dordrecht: Springer."},{"key":"4_CR77","first-page":"127","volume-title":"European integration and governance of higher education and research","author":"A Veiga","year":"2009","unstructured":"Veiga, A., & Amaral, A. (2009b). Policy implementation tools and European governance. In A. Amaral, G. Neave, C. Musselin, & P. Maassen (Eds.), European integration and governance of higher education and research (pp. 127\u2013151). Dordrecht: Springer."},{"key":"4_CR78","first-page":"121","volume":"36","author":"A Veiga","year":"2012","unstructured":"Veiga, A., & Amaral, A. (2012). Soft Law and the implementation problems of the Bologna Process. Educa\u00e7\u00e3o Sociedade & Culturas, 36, 121\u2013141.","journal-title":"Educa\u00e7\u00e3o Sociedade & Culturas"},{"key":"4_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Veiga, A., & Neave, G. (2015). Managing the dynamics of the Bologna reforms: How institutional actors re-construct the policy framework. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 23(59). Retrieved from http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.14507\/epaa.v23.1891 .","DOI":"10.14507\/epaa.v23.1891"},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.30950\/jcer.v11i1.624","volume":"11","author":"A Veiga","year":"2015","unstructured":"Veiga, A., Magalh\u00e3es, A., & Amaral, A. (2015). Differentiated integration and the Bologna Process. Journal of Contemporary European Research, 11(1), 84\u2013102.","journal-title":"Journal of Contemporary European Research"},{"key":"4_CR81","unstructured":"Yerevan Communiqu\u00e9. (2015). Yerevan Communiqu\u00e9. Conference of Ministers responsible for higher education, Yerevan, 14\u201315 May."},{"key":"4_CR82","unstructured":"Zeitlin, J. (2005). Social Europe and experimental governance: Towards a new constitutional compromise?. La Follette School, Working Paper no. 2005\u2013001. Retrieved 20 February 2012, from http:\/\/www.lafollette.wisc.edu\/publications\/workingpapers"}],"container-title":["European Policy Implementation and Higher Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057\/978-1-137-50462-3_4","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T11:15:32Z","timestamp":1749035732000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1057\/978-1-137-50462-3_4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"ISBN":["9781137504616","9781137504623"],"references-count":86,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/978-1-137-50462-3_4","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}}}