{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T08:54:01Z","timestamp":1773046441109,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]],"date-time":"2021-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637280000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]],"date-time":"2021-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"CONICYT, FONDECYT Regular Project","award":["1170371"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1170371"]}]},{"name":"PIA-CONICYT Basal Funds for Centers of Excellence Project","award":["BF0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BF0003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["High Educ Policy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"DOI":"10.1057\/s41307-021-00258-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]],"date-time":"2021-11-19T15:02:36Z","timestamp":1637334156000},"page":"329-350","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Socioeconomic Segregation in Higher Education: Evidence for Chile (2009\u20132017)"],"prefix":"10.1057","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3414-518X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danilo","family":"Kuzmanic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Juan Pablo","family":"Valenzuela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1964-7213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Crist\u00f3bal","family":"Villalobos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5292-2603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Lu\u00edsa","family":"Quaresma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"258_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/ectj.12039","volume":"18","author":"R Allen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Allen, R., Burgess, S., Davidson, R. and Windmeijer, F. (2015) More reliable inference for the dissimilarity index of segregation. The Econometrics Journal 18(1): 40\u201366.","journal-title":"The Econometrics Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"258_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1080\/03054980701366306","volume":"33","author":"R Allen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Allen, R. and Vignoles, A. (2007) What should an index of school segregation measure? Oxford Review of Education 33(5): 643\u2013668.","journal-title":"Oxford Review of Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"258_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1177\/000312240707200401","volume":"72","author":"S Alon","year":"2007","unstructured":"Alon, S. and Tienda, M. (2007) Diversity, opportunity, and the shifting meritocracy in higher education. American Sociological Review 72(4): 487\u2013511.","journal-title":"American Sociological Review"},{"key":"258_CR4","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Stratification in higher education: A contemporary study","author":"R Arum","year":"2007","unstructured":"Arum, R., Gamoran, A. and Shavit, Y. (2007) 'More inclusion than diversion: Expansion, differentiation, and market structure in higher education', in Y. Shavit, R. Arum and A. Gamoran (eds.) Stratification in higher education: A contemporary studyStanford: Stanford University Press, pp. 1\u201335."},{"key":"258_CR5","unstructured":"Benavides, M., Le\u00f3n, J., Haag, F. and Cueva, S. (2015) Expansi\u00f3n y diversificaci\u00f3n de la educaci\u00f3n superior universitaria, y su relaci\u00f3n con la desigualdad y la segregaci\u00f3n, Lima: MISC."},{"key":"258_CR6","first-page":"109","volume-title":"International perspective in Higher Education. Balancing access, equity and cost","author":"A Bernasconi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bernasconi, A. (2019a) 'Chile: The challenges of free college\u00b4', in J. Desdile and A. Usher (eds.) International perspective in Higher Education. Balancing access, equity and costCambridge: Harvard Educational Press, pp. 109\u2013128."},{"key":"258_CR7","first-page":"8","volume":"98","author":"A Bernasconi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bernasconi, A. (2019b) Free tuition in Chile: A policy in foster care. International Higher Education 98: 8\u201310.","journal-title":"International Higher Education"},{"key":"258_CR8","volume-title":"Sociolog\u00eda de la educaci\u00f3n. Una aproximaci\u00f3n cr\u00edtica a las corrientes contempor\u00e1neas","author":"X Bonal","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bonal, X. (1991) Sociolog\u00eda de la educaci\u00f3n. Una aproximaci\u00f3n cr\u00edtica a las corrientes contempor\u00e1neas, Madrid: Paid\u00f3s."},{"key":"258_CR9","volume-title":"A reprodu\u00e7\u00e3o-elementos para uma teoria do sistema de ensino","author":"P Bourdieu","year":"1974","unstructured":"Bourdieu, P. and Passeron, J.C. (1974) A reprodu\u00e7\u00e3o-elementos para uma teoria do sistema de ensino, Lisboa: Editorial Vega."},{"issue":"1","key":"258_CR10","first-page":"119","volume":"9","author":"J Brunner","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brunner, J. (2012) La lucha por la educaci\u00f3n de las elites: campo y canales formativos. Revista UDP 9(1): 119\u2013143.","journal-title":"Revista UDP"},{"issue":"4","key":"258_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1080\/07350015.1997.10524718","volume":"15","author":"W Carrington","year":"1997","unstructured":"Carrington, W. and Troske, K. (1997) On measuring segregation in samples with small units. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 15(4): 402\u2013409.","journal-title":"Journal of Business and Economic Statistics"},{"key":"258_CR12","volume-title":"Equality of educational opportunity","author":"JS Coleman","year":"1966","unstructured":"Coleman, J.S. (1966) Equality of educational opportunity, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education."},{"issue":"2","key":"258_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1080\/03054985.2013.784193","volume":"39","author":"L Croxford","year":"2013","unstructured":"Croxford, L. and Raffe, D. (2013) Differentiation and social segregation of UK higher education, 1996\u20132010. Oxford Review of Education 39(2): 172\u2013192.","journal-title":"Oxford Review of Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"258_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1007\/s10734-017-0222-1","volume":"76","author":"K Czarnecki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Czarnecki, K. (2018) Less inequality through universal access? Socioeconomic background of tertiary entrants in Australia after the expansion of university participation. Higher Education 76(3): 501\u2013518.","journal-title":"Higher Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"258_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1787\/hemp-23-5kgglbdlrptg","volume":"23","author":"D Dias","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dias, D., Marinho-Araujo, C., Almeida, L. and Amaral, A. (2011) The democratization of access and success in higher education. Higher Education Management and Policy 23(1): 1\u201320.","journal-title":"Higher Education Management and Policy"},{"issue":"2","key":"258_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.2307\/2088328","volume":"20","author":"OD Duncan","year":"1955","unstructured":"Duncan, O.D. and Duncan, B. (1955) A methodological analysis of segregation indexes. American Sociological Review 20(2): 210\u2013217.","journal-title":"American Sociological Review"},{"issue":"5","key":"258_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1007\/s10734-017-0166-5","volume":"75","author":"A Duta","year":"2018","unstructured":"Duta, A., An, B. and Iannelli, C. (2018) Social origins, academic strength of school curriculum and access to selective higher education institutions: Evidence from Scotland and the USA. Higher Education 75(5): 769\u2013784.","journal-title":"Higher Education"},{"key":"258_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijedudev.2011.08.003","volume":"32","author":"G Elacqua","year":"2012","unstructured":"Elacqua, G. (2012) The impact of school choice and public policy on segregation: Evidence from Chile. International Journal of Educational Development 32: 444\u2013453.","journal-title":"International Journal of Educational Development"},{"issue":"5","key":"258_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1177\/0891243206290753","volume":"20","author":"P England","year":"2006","unstructured":"England, P. and Li, S. (2006) Desegregation stalled: The changing gender composition of college majors, 1971\u20132002. Gender and Society 20(5): 657\u2013677.","journal-title":"Gender and Society"},{"issue":"2","key":"258_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s11125-013-9268-8","volume":"43","author":"O Espinoza","year":"2013","unstructured":"Espinoza, O. and Gonz\u00e1lez, L. (2013) Access to higher education in Chile: A public vs. private analysis. Prospects 43(2): 199\u2013214.","journal-title":"Prospects"},{"key":"258_CR21","unstructured":"Espinoza, \u00d3. and Gonz\u00e1lez\u00b8 L. (2011) La crisis del sistema de educaci\u00f3n superior chileno y el ocaso del modelo neoliberal, in Bar\u00f3metro de Pol\u00edtica y Equidad, Nuevos actores, nuevas banderas, Vol. 3, Santiago: Fundaci\u00f3n Equitas-Fundaci\u00f3n Friedrich Ebert, pp. 94\u2013133."},{"key":"258_CR22","unstructured":"Fajnzylber, E., Lara, B. and Le\u00f3n, T. (2018) Increased learning or GPA inflation? Evidence from GPA-Based University Admission in Chile. CEPA Working Paper No.18-07. Retrieved from http:\/\/cepa.stanford.edu\/wp18-07.."},{"issue":"1","key":"258_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9531.00110","volume":"32","author":"G Firebaugh","year":"2002","unstructured":"Firebaugh, G. and Reardon, S. (2002) Measures of multigroup segregation. Sociological Methodology 32(1): 33\u201367.","journal-title":"Sociological Methodology"},{"issue":"96","key":"258_CR24","first-page":"1","volume":"27","author":"A Garc\u00eda de Fanelli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda de Fanelli, A. and Adrogu\u00e9, C. (2019) Equidad en el acceso y la graduaci\u00f3n en la Educaci\u00f3n Superior: Reflexiones desde el Cono Sur. Archivos Anal\u00edticos De Pol\u00edticas Educativas 27(96): 1\u201334.","journal-title":"Archivos Anal\u00edticos De Pol\u00edticas Educativas"},{"issue":"4","key":"258_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1177\/003803850203600405","volume":"36","author":"S Gorard","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gorard, S. and Taylor, C. (2002) What is segregation? A comparison of measures in terms of \u2018strong\u2019and \u2018weak\u2019compositional invariance. Sociology 36(4): 875\u2013895.","journal-title":"Sociology"},{"key":"258_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hastings, J. S., Neilson, C. A. and Zimmerman, S. D. (2013)\u00a0Are some degrees worth more than others? Evidence from college admission cutoffs in Chile. National Bureau of Economic Research No. w19241.","DOI":"10.3386\/w19241"},{"issue":"3","key":"258_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1162\/rest.90.3.459","volume":"90","author":"JK Hellerstein","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hellerstein, J.K. and Neumark, D. (2008) Workplace segregation in the United States: Race, ethnicity, and skill. The Review of Economics and Statistics 90(3): 459\u2013477.","journal-title":"The Review of Economics and Statistics"},{"key":"258_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hinrichs, P. (2015) An empirical analysis of racial segregation in higher education. Cambridge, MA. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper no. 21831.","DOI":"10.3386\/w21831"},{"key":"258_CR29","volume-title":"An\u00e1lisis del financiamiento de aranceles en la educaci\u00f3n superior en Chile","author":"M Holz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Holz, M. (2020) An\u00e1lisis del financiamiento de aranceles en la educaci\u00f3n superior en Chile, Santiago: Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile."},{"issue":"2","key":"258_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2354.2004.00136.x","volume":"45","author":"R Hutchens","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hutchens, R. (2004) One measure of segregation. International Economic Review 45(2): 555\u2013578.","journal-title":"International Economic Review"},{"issue":"6","key":"258_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1080\/03054985.2011.636227","volume":"37","author":"C Iannelli","year":"2011","unstructured":"Iannelli, C., Gamoran, A. and Paterson, L. (2011) Scottish higher education, 1987\u20132001: Expansion through diversion. Oxford Review of Education 37(6): 717\u2013741.","journal-title":"Oxford Review of Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"258_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1080\/03054980701542039","volume":"34","author":"SP Jenkins","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jenkins, S.P., Micklewright, J. and Schnepf, S.V. (2008) Social segregation in secondary schools: how does England compare with other countries? Oxford Review of Education 34(1): 21\u201337.","journal-title":"Oxford Review of Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"258_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02291575","volume":"39","author":"HF Kaiser","year":"1974","unstructured":"Kaiser, H.F. (1974) An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika 39(1): 31\u201336.","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"258_CR34","volume-title":"The chosen: The hidden history of admission and exclusion at Harvard, Yale and Princeton","author":"J Karabel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Karabel, J. (2005) The chosen: The hidden history of admission and exclusion at Harvard, Yale and Princeton, Boston: Houghton Mifflin."},{"key":"258_CR35","first-page":"125","volume":"120","author":"M Koljatic","year":"2010","unstructured":"Koljatic, M. and Silva, M. (2010) Algunas reflexiones a siete a\u00f1os de la implementaci\u00f3n de la PSU. Estudios P\u00fablicos 120: 125\u2013146.","journal-title":"Estudios P\u00fablicos"},{"issue":"2","key":"258_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1080\/03057925.2013.861700","volume":"46","author":"S Kosunen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kosunen, S. and Carrasco, A. (2016) Parental preferences in school choice: comparing reputational hierarchies of schools in Chile and Finland. Compare 46(2): 172\u2013193.","journal-title":"Compare"},{"issue":"1","key":"258_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.7764\/PEL.52.1.2015.20","volume":"52262","author":"T Larroucau","year":"2015","unstructured":"Larroucau, T., R\u00edos, I. and Mizala, A. (2015) The effect of including high school grade rankings in the admission process for chilean universities. Revista De Investigaci\u00f3n Educacional Latinoamericana 52262(1): 95\u2013118.","journal-title":"Revista De Investigaci\u00f3n Educacional Latinoamericana"},{"issue":"6","key":"258_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1086\/321300","volume":"106","author":"S Lucas","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lucas, S. (2001) Effectively maintained inequality: Education transitions, track mobility, and social background effects. American Journal of Sociology 106(6): 1642\u20131690.","journal-title":"American Journal of Sociology"},{"issue":"4","key":"258_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/s10734-016-0016-x","volume":"72","author":"S Marginson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marginson, S. (2016) The worldwide trend to high participation higher education: Dynamics of social stratification in inclusive systems. Higher Education 72(4): 413\u2013434.","journal-title":"Higher Education"},{"key":"258_CR40","volume-title":"American apartheid: Segregation and the making of the underclass","author":"D Massey","year":"1993","unstructured":"Massey, D. and Denton, N. (1993) American apartheid: Segregation and the making of the underclass, Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press."},{"issue":"2","key":"258_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.2307\/2579183","volume":"67","author":"D Massey","year":"1988","unstructured":"Massey, D. and Denton, N. (1988) The dimensions of residential segregation. Social Forces 67(2): 281\u2013315.","journal-title":"Social Forces"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"258_CR42","first-page":"631","volume":"57","author":"P Merle","year":"2002","unstructured":"Merle, P. (2002) Democratization or increase in educational inequality? Changes in the length of studies in France, 1988\u20131998. Population 57(4\u20135): 631\u2013657.","journal-title":"Population"},{"key":"258_CR43","unstructured":"Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n, Centro de Estudios, Unidad de Estad\u00edsticas (2018) Indicadores de la Educaci\u00f3n en Chile, 2010-2016, Santiago, Chile: Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n, Centro de Estudios, Unidad de Estad\u00edsticas."},{"key":"258_CR44","volume-title":"Education at a Glance 201","author":"OECD","year":"2018","unstructured":"OECD (2018) Education at a Glance 201, Paris: OECD."},{"issue":"13","key":"258_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.22395\/csye.v7n13a3","volume":"7","author":"ML Quaresma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Quaresma, M.L. and Villalobos, C. (2018) La (re)producci\u00f3n de las \u00e9lites en tiempos de democratizaci\u00f3n del sistema universitario. An\u00e1lisis conceptual a partir de las experiencias latinoamericanas. Ciencias Sociales y Educaci\u00f3n 7(13): 65\u201387.","journal-title":"Ciencias Sociales y Educaci\u00f3n"},{"issue":"1","key":"258_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.2307\/2112784","volume":"66","author":"AE Raftery","year":"1993","unstructured":"Raftery, A.E. and Hout, M. (1993) Maximally maintained inequality: Expansion, reform, and opportunity in Irish education, 1921\u201375. Sociology of Education 66(1): 41\u201362.","journal-title":"Sociology of Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"258_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.3368\/jhr.51.2.0213-5474R1","volume":"51","author":"J Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez, J., Urz\u00faa, S. and Reyes, L. (2016) Heterogeneous economic returns to post-secondary degrees: Evidence from Chile. Journal of Human Resources 51(2): 416\u2013460.","journal-title":"Journal of Human Resources"},{"key":"258_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctvkjb4s6","volume-title":"Equidad en la educaci\u00f3n superior. Dise\u00f1o y resultados de programas de acceso en universidades selectivas","author":"MV Santelices","year":"2018","unstructured":"Santelices, M.V., Catal\u00e1n, X. and Horn, C. (2018) Equidad en la educaci\u00f3n superior. Dise\u00f1o y resultados de programas de acceso en universidades selectivas, Santiago: Ediciones UC."},{"key":"258_CR49","unstructured":"Sistema \u00danico de Admisi\u00f3n (2014) Ranking de Notas Proceso de Admisi\u00f3n 2014, Santiago, Chile: Sistema \u00danico de Admisi\u00f3n."},{"issue":"3","key":"258_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1177\/1558689814527940","volume":"8","author":"E Trevi\u00f1o","year":"2014","unstructured":"Trevi\u00f1o, E., Scheele, J. and Flores, S. (2014) Beyond the test score: A mixed methods analysis of a college access intervention in Chile. Journal of Mixed Methods Research 8(3): 255\u2013265.","journal-title":"Journal of Mixed Methods Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"258_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1093\/esr\/jcr092","volume":"29","author":"M Triventi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Triventi, M. (2011) Stratification in higher education and its relationship with social inequality: A comparative study of 11 European countries. European Sociological Review 29(3): 489\u2013502.","journal-title":"European Sociological Review"},{"key":"258_CR52","volume-title":"Problems in the transition from elite to mass higher education","author":"M Trow","year":"1973","unstructured":"Trow, M. (1973) Problems in the transition from elite to mass higher education, Berkeley, CA: Carnegie Commission on Higher Education."},{"key":"258_CR53","first-page":"243","volume-title":"International handbook of higher education","author":"M Trow","year":"2007","unstructured":"Trow, M. (2007) '`Reflections on the transition from elite to mass to universal access: Forms and phases of higher education in modern societies since WWII\u00b4', in J.J.F. Forest and P.G. Altbach (eds.) International handbook of higher educationDordrecht, Netherlands: Springer, pp. 243\u2013280."},{"issue":"2","key":"258_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1080\/02680939.2013.806995","volume":"29","author":"JP Valenzuela","year":"2014","unstructured":"Valenzuela, J.P., Bellei, C. and De Los R\u00edos, D. (2014) Socioeconomic school segregation in a market-oriented educational system. The case of Chile. Journal of Education Policy 29(2): 217\u2013241.","journal-title":"Journal of Education Policy"},{"key":"258_CR55","first-page":"29","volume-title":"Elites, privilege and excellence. The national and global redefinition of educational advantage","author":"A van Zanten","year":"2015","unstructured":"van Zanten, A. (2015) 'A family affair reproducing elite positions and preserving the ideals of meritocratic competition and youth autonomy', in A. Van Zanten, S. Ball and B. Darchy-Koechlin (eds.) Elites, privilege and excellence. The national and global redefinition of educational advantageNueva York: Routledge, pp. 29\u201342."},{"issue":"3","key":"258_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.22325\/fes\/res.2020.33","volume":"29","author":"C Villalobos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Villalobos, C., Quaresma, M.L. and Franetovic, G. (2020) `Mapeando a la \u00e9lite en las universidades chilenas: Un an\u00e1lisis cuantitativo-multidimensional\u00b4. Revista Espa\u00f1ola De Sociolog\u00eda 29(3): 523\u2013541.","journal-title":"Revista Espa\u00f1ola De Sociolog\u00eda"},{"issue":"73","key":"258_CR57","first-page":"1","volume":"25","author":"C Villalobos","year":"2017","unstructured":"Villalobos, C., Trevi\u00f1o, E., Wyman, I. and Scheele, J. (2017) Social justice debate and college access in Latin America: merit or need? The role of educational institutions and states in broadening access to higher education in the region. Analytic Archive in Educational Policy 25(73): 1\u201331.","journal-title":"Analytic Archive in Educational Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"258_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.20171019","volume":"109","author":"SD Zimmerman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zimmerman, S.D. (2019) Elite colleges and upward mobility to top jobs and top incomes. American Economic Review 109(1), 1\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1257\/aer.20171019.","journal-title":"American Economic Review"}],"container-title":["Higher Education Policy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057\/s41307-021-00258-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1057\/s41307-021-00258-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057\/s41307-021-00258-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T17:49:12Z","timestamp":1726163352000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1057\/s41307-021-00258-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["258"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/s41307-021-00258-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0952-8733","1740-3863"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0952-8733","type":"print"},{"value":"1740-3863","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 November 2021","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}