{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T12:43:49Z","timestamp":1776602629861,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["ascelibrary.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. Struct. Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"DOI":"10.1061\/(asce)st.1943-541x.0002742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]],"date-time":"2020-08-18T12:47:41Z","timestamp":1597754861000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1061\/do.news.20190416.0001","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Behavior, Failure, and Direct Strength Method Design of Steel Angle Columns: Geometrical Simplicity versus Structural Complexity"],"prefix":"10.1061","volume":"146","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7994-2687","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dinar","family":"Camotim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Full Professor, Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability (CERIS), Dept. of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Georesources, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal (corresponding author). ORCID: ."}]},{"given":"Pedro Borges","family":"Dinis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability (CERIS), Dept. of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Georesources, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Landesmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o e Pesquisa de Engenharia (COPPE), Programa de Engenharia Civil, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-450, Brazil."}]}],"member":"30","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9445(1996)122:3(309)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","volume-title":"Load and resistance factor design specification for structural steel buildings and associated commentary","author":"AISC","year":"2000","unstructured":"AISC. 2000. Load and resistance factor design specification for structural steel buildings and associated commentary. Chicago: AISC."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","unstructured":"ArcelorMittal. 2015. \u201cArcelorMittal sections.\u201d Accessed September 10 2019. http:\/\/www.arcelormittal.com\/sections\/en."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000585"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219455412500691"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tws.2017.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","unstructured":"Camotim D. P. B. Dinis and A. Landesmann. 2016a. \u201cRational direct strength method design of angle columns: A novel solution for an old problem.\u201d In USB Key Drive Proc. 8th Int. Conf. on Steel and Aluminium Structures (ICSAS 2016) paper 2 edited by B. Young and Y. Cai. Hong Kong: Univ. of Hong Kong."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100160-8.00004-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","unstructured":"Chodraui G. M. B. Y. Shifferaw M. Malite and B. W. Schafer. 2006. \u201cCold-formed steel angles under axial compression.\u201d In Proc. 18th Int. Specialty Conf. on Cold-Formed Steel Structures edited by R. LaBoube and W. W. Yu 285\u2013300. Rolla MO: Univ. of Missouri-Rolla."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","unstructured":"Dinis P. B. and D. Camotim. 2011. \u201cBuckling post-buckling and strength of equal-leg angle and cruciform columns: Similarities and differences.\u201d In Vol. A of Proc. 6th European Conf. on Steel and Composite Structures (EUROSTEEL 2011) edited by L. Dunai et\u00a0al. 105\u2013110. Brussels Belgium: European Convention for Constructional Steelwork."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tws.2014.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","unstructured":"Dinis P. B. and D. Camotim. 2016a. \u201cBehavior and design of hot-rolled steel pin-ended short-to-intermediate angle columns.\u201d In USB Key Drive Proc. 7th Int. Conf. on Coupled Instabilities in Metal Structures (CIMS 2016) paper 23. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","unstructured":"Dinis P. B. and D. Camotim. 2016b. \u201cProposal for the codification of a DSM design approach for cold-formed steel short-to-intermediate angle columns.\u201d In Proc. Wei-Wen Yu Int. Specialty Conf. on Recent Research and Developments in Cold-Formed Steel Structures edited by R. LaBoube and W.-W. Yu 155\u2013171. Rolla MO: Missouri Univ. of Science and Technology."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","unstructured":"Dinis P. B. and D. Camotim. 2017. \u201cSpherically-hinged short-to-intermediate angle columns: Stability non-linear behavior and DSM design.\u201d In Proc. Structural Stability Research Council Annual Stability Conf. paper 11. Chicago: AISC Education Archives."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002342"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/stco.201900029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","unstructured":"Dinis P. B. D. Camotim and V. Preto. 2016. \u201cBehaviour and design of short-to-intermediate hot-rolled steel angle columns.\u201d In Proc. Int. Colloquim on Stability and Ductility of Steel Stuctures 2016 (SDSS 2016) edited by D. Dubina and V. Ungureanu 477\u2013484. New York: Wiley."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tws.2010.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tws.2011.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","volume-title":"Manual on stability of steel structures","author":"ECCS (European Convention for Constructional Steelwork)","year":"1976","unstructured":"ECCS (European Convention for Constructional Steelwork). 1976. Manual on stability of steel structures. Brussels, Belgium: ECCS."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4730(82)90012-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9445(2005)131:3(457)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","unstructured":"Fan J. K. 2009. \u201cTheoretical and experimental study on Q460 single equal-leg angles under axial compression.\u201d Master thesis School of Civil Engineering Xian Univ. of Architecture and Technology."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/JSDEAG.0004988"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcsr.2012.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/JSDEAG.0003378"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9445(1990)116:10(2567)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9445(1987)113:4(721)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0143-974X(86)90035-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2016.11.034","article-title":"Short-to-intermediate slender pin-ended cold-formed steel equal-leg angle columns: Experimental investigation, numerical simulation and DSM design","volume":"132","author":"Landesmann A.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Landesmann, A., D. Camotim, P. B. Dinis, and R. Cruz. 2016. \u201cShort-to-intermediate slender pin-ended cold-formed steel equal-leg angle columns: Experimental investigation, numerical simulation and DSM design.\u201d Eng. Struct. 132 (Feb): 471\u2013493. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.engstruct.2016.11.034.","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcsr.2018.11.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","unstructured":"Maia W. F. J. M. Neto and M. Malite. 2008. \u201cStability of cold-formed steel simple and lipped angles under compression.\u201d In Proc. 19th Int. Specialty Conf. on Cold-Formed Steel Structures edited by R. LaBoube and W. W. Yu 111\u2013125. Rolla MO: Univ. of Missouri-Rolla."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.strusafe.2013.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_1","unstructured":"Mesacasa E. Jr. 2012. \u201cStructural behavior and design of cold-formed steel angle columns.\u201d [In Portuguese.] MASc thesis Structural Engineering School of Engineering at S\u00e3o Carlos Univ. of S\u00e3o Paulo."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tws.2013.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2014.03.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9445(1999)125:5(515)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9445(2005)131:10(1553)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9445(2006)132:2(204)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/JSDEAG.0004981"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tws.2019.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_1","unstructured":"Shi G. Z. Liu and K. F. Chung. 2009. \u201cNumerical study on the local buckling of 420\u00a0MPa steel equal angle columns under axial compression.\u201d In Vol. I of Proc. of 6th Int. Conf. on Advances in Steel Structures (ICASS\u201909) edited by S. L. Chan 387\u2013394. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tws.2014.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000670"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_51_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"On the buckling strength of angles in transmission towers","volume":"15","author":"Wakabayashi M.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Wakabayashi, M., and T. Nonaka. 1965. \u201cOn the buckling strength of angles in transmission towers.\u201d Bull. Disaster Prev. Res. Inst. 15 (2): 1\u201318.","journal-title":"Bull. Disaster Prev. Res. Inst."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2019.109902"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_1","unstructured":"Wilhoite G. M. R. Zandonini and A. Zavelani. 1984. \u201cBehaviour and strength of angles in compression: An experimental investigation.\u201d In Proc. ASCE Annual Convention and Structures Congress. Reston VA: ASCE."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9445(2004)130:12(1931)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9445(1999)125:5(524)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2019.01.083"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2019.109764"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470549087"}],"container-title":["Journal of Structural Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ascelibrary.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1061\/%28ASCE%29ST.1943-541X.0002742","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]],"date-time":"2022-06-10T22:10:39Z","timestamp":1654899039000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ascelibrary.org\/doi\/10.1061\/%28ASCE%29ST.1943-541X.0002742"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1061\/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002742"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1061\/(asce)st.1943-541x.0002742","relation":{},"ISSN":["0733-9445","1943-541X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0733-9445","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-541X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-11-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-03-11","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-08-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"04020226"}}