{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T11:54:39Z","timestamp":1777204479515,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["ascelibrary.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. Mater. Civ. Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"DOI":"10.1061\/jmcee7.mteng-21967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T17:12:04Z","timestamp":1772039524000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1061\/do.news.20190416.0001","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Finite-Element Modeling Framework for Mechanical Response of 3D-Printed Concrete: Elucidating Directional, Interface, and Fiber Effects"],"prefix":"10.1061","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4535-4104","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Avinaya","family":"Tripathi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State Univ."}]},{"given":"Ashutosh","family":"Maurya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State Univ."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8360-5050","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Subramaniam D.","family":"Rajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State Univ."}]},{"given":"Narayanan","family":"Neithalath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State Univ."}]}],"member":"30","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11831-020-09483-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","unstructured":"ACI (American Concrete Institute). 2018. Guide to design with fiber-reinforced concrete. ACI 544.4R-18. Farmington Hills MI: ACI."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2020.120991"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2023.117104"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2021.106384"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arunothayan A. R. B. Nematollahi J. Sanjayan R. Ranade S. H. Bong and K. Khayat. 2020. \u201cQuantitative evaluation of orientation of steel fibers in 3D-printed ultra-high performance concrete.\u201d In Proc. 2nd RILEM Int. Conf. on Concrete and Digital Fabrication F. P. Bos S. S. Lucas R. J. M. Wolfs and T. A. M. Salet 389\u2013397. Cham Switzerland: Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-49916-7_40.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-49916-7_40"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","unstructured":"ASTM. 2021. Standard specification for standard sand. ASTM C778. West Conshohocken PA: ASTM."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","unstructured":"ASTM. 2022. Standard specification for limestone dimension stone. ASTM C568. West Conshohocken PA: ASTM."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","unstructured":"ASTM. 2024. Standard specification for portland cement. ASTM C150. West Conshohocken PA: ASTM."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","unstructured":"ASTM. 2025a. Standard specification for coal ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolan for use in concrete. ASTM C618. West Conshohocken PA: ASTM."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","unstructured":"ASTM. 2025b. Standard specification for slag cement for use in concrete and mortars. ASTM C989. West Conshohocken PA: ASTM."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.istruc.2020.12.061"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9399(1983)109:3(849)"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4048193"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17452759.2016.1209867"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17452759.2018.1548069"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2023.107077"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_1","unstructured":"Coleman D. K. 2016. \u201cEvaluation of concrete modeling in LS-DYNA for seismic application.\u201d Accessed January 24 2024. http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/2152\/47239."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_1","unstructured":"D\u2019Aveni R. 2015. \u201cThe 3-D printing revolution.\u201d Harvard Business Review. Accessed November 28 2023. https:\/\/hbr.org\/2015\/05\/the-3-d-printing-revolution."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2005.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2009.01.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2023.131578"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2016.10.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2018.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmapro.2023.10.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0021998318793506"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11709-023-0004-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lachmayer L. N. M\u00fcller T. Herlyn and A. Raatz. 2023. \u201cVolume flow-based process control for robotic additive manufacturing processes in construction.\u201d In Proc. IEEE 19th Int. Conf. on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE) 1\u20136. Piscataway NJ: IEEE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CASE56687.2023.10260620.","DOI":"10.1109\/CASE56687.2023.10260620"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/JSENDH.STENG-13933"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2023.115865"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2024.109730"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_1","unstructured":"Livermore Software Technology. 2022. \u201cLS-DYNA theory manual.\u201d Accessed December 2 2021. https:\/\/ftp.lstc.com\/anonymous\/outgoing\/jday\/manuals\/DRAFT_Theory.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app11219822"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.istruc.2024.106803"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0899-1561(1994)6:4(513)"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/JAEEEZ.ASENG-5613"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-32511-3_30"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_1","first-page":"102127","article-title":"Relating print velocity and extrusion characteristics of 3D-printable cementitious binders: Implications towards testing methods","volume":"46","author":"Nair S.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nair, S., S. Panda, A. Tripathi, and N. Neithalath. 2021a. \u201cRelating print velocity and extrusion characteristics of 3D-printable cementitious binders: Implications towards testing methods.\u201d Addit. Manuf. 46 (Oct): 102127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addma.2021.102127.","journal-title":"Addit. Manuf."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jace.16305"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2021.104254"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2023.134246"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma11122352"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.istruc.2022.03.049"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2022.104479"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_1","first-page":"101743","article-title":"A parametric modelling strategy for the numerical simulation of 3D concrete printing with complex geometries","volume":"38","author":"Ooms T.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ooms, T., G. Vantyghem, R. Van Coile, and W. De Corte. 2021. \u201cA parametric modelling strategy for the numerical simulation of 3D concrete printing with complex geometries.\u201d Addit. Manuf. 38 (Feb): 101743. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addma.2020.101743.","journal-title":"Addit. Manuf."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2017.07.123"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app132312664"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/math11061499"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-5493(92)90094-C"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00466-023-02367-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2016.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_1","unstructured":"Seyedreza Zaribaf S. 2022. \u201cAnalysis of interlayer bond in 3D printed concrete.\u201d Master\u2019s thesis Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0021998320982651"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0021998319865006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16155488"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_1","first-page":"103405","article-title":"Anisotropic chloride transport in 3D printed concrete and its dependence on layer height and interface types","volume":"62","author":"Surehali S.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Surehali, S., A. Tripathi, A. S. Nimbalkar, and N. Neithalath. 2023b. \u201cAnisotropic chloride transport in 3D printed concrete and its dependence on layer height and interface types.\u201d Addit. Manuf. 62 (Jan): 103405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addma.2023.103405.","journal-title":"Addit. Manuf."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2021TC006716"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2024.109979"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_1","unstructured":"Tripathi A. 2024. \u201cPrint technique and material modification in 3D printing of concrete.\u201d Ph.D. thesis School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment Arizona State Univ."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_4_61_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Print geometry alterations and layer staggering to enhance mechanical properties of plain and fiber-reinforced three-dimensional printed concrete","volume":"121","author":"Tripathi A.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tripathi, A., S. A. O. Nair, H. Chauhan, and N. Neithalath. 2024. \u201cPrint geometry alterations and layer staggering to enhance mechanical properties of plain and fiber-reinforced three-dimensional printed concrete.\u201d Mater. J. 121 (2): 17\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14359\/51740262.","journal-title":"Mater. J."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2022.104424"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcs3030088"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2021.102944"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_1","first-page":"102569","article-title":"Numerical modelling strategies for reinforced 3D concrete printed elements","volume":"50","author":"van den Heever M.","year":"2022","unstructured":"van den Heever, M., F. Bester, J. Kruger, and G. van Zijl. 2022. \u201cNumerical modelling strategies for reinforced 3D concrete printed elements.\u201d Addit. Manuf. 50 (Feb): 102569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addma.2021.102569.","journal-title":"Addit. Manuf."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_1","unstructured":"Vantyghem G. T. Ooms and W. De Corte. 2020. \u201cFEM modelling techniques for simulation of 3D concrete printing.\u201d Preprint submitted September 15 2020. https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2009.06907."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2021.125819"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings14040989"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2018.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2019.02.017"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_4_71_1","first-page":"e208760","article-title":"A review of additive manufacturing","volume":"2012","author":"Wong K. V.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wong, K. V., and A. Hernandez. 2012. \u201cA review of additive manufacturing.\u201d Int. Scholarly Res. Notices 2012 (4): e208760. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5402\/2012\/208760.","journal-title":"Int. Scholarly Res. Notices"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_72_1","first-page":"101712","article-title":"Finite element analysis on the anisotropic behavior of 3D printed concrete under compression and flexure","volume":"39","author":"Xiao J.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xiao, J., H. Liu, and T. Ding. 2021. \u201cFinite element analysis on the anisotropic behavior of 3D printed concrete under compression and flexure.\u201d Addit. Manuf. 39 (Mar): 101712. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addma.2020.101712.","journal-title":"Addit. Manuf."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2023.117062"}],"container-title":["Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ascelibrary.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1061\/JMCEE7.MTENG-21967","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T17:12:06Z","timestamp":1772903526000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ascelibrary.org\/doi\/10.1061\/JMCEE7.MTENG-21967"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1061\/JMCEE7.MTENG-21967"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1061\/jmcee7.mteng-21967","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.2139\/ssrn.5146648","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0899-1561","1943-5533"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-1561","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-5533","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"04026084"}}