{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T02:48:28Z","timestamp":1776912508196,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["ascelibrary.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. Transp. Eng., Part A: Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"DOI":"10.1061\/jtepbs.teeng-7176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T04:14:22Z","timestamp":1676348062000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1061\/do.news.20190416.0001","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Bus Network Design and Frequency Setting in the Post-COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case of London"],"prefix":"10.1061","volume":"149","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2704-433X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Manuel","family":"Filgueiras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Associate, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o do Territ\u00f3rio Transportes e Ambiente (CITTA)-Research Centre for Territory, Transports and Environment, Faculty of Engineering of the Univ. of Porto, Porto 4099-002, Portugal. ORCID: ."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3009-1527","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Gkiotsalitis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Dept. of Transport Engineering and Management, Univ. of Twente, Enschede 7522LW, Netherlands (corresponding author). ORCID: ."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0508-6064","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Menno","family":"Yap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postdoctoral Researcher, Dept. of Transport and Planning, Delft Univ. of Technology, Delft 2628 CD, Netherlands. ORCID: ."}]},{"given":"Oded","family":"Cats","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Dept. of Transport and Planning, Delft Univ. of Technology, Delft 2628 CD, Netherlands."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7614-7605","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Lobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Researcher, CITTA-Research Centre for Territory, Transports and Environment, Faculty of Engineering of the Univ. of Porto, Porto 4099-002, Portugal. ORCID: ."}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, CITTA-Research Centre for Territory, Transports and Environment, Faculty of Engineering of the Univ. of Porto, Porto 4099-002, Portugal."}]}],"member":"30","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Bus fleet optimization using genetic algorithm a case study of Mashhad","volume":"11","author":"Afandizadeh S.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Afandizadeh, S., H. Khaksar, and N. Kalantari. 2013. \u201cBus fleet optimization using genetic algorithm a case study of Mashhad.\u201d Int. J. Civ. Eng. 11 (1): 43\u201352.","journal-title":"Int. J. Civ. Eng."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su12093870"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trb.2015.06.014","article-title":"Efficient transit network design and frequencies setting multi-objective optimization by alternating objective genetic algorithm","volume":"81","author":"Arbex R. O.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Arbex, R. O., and C. B. Cunha. 2015. \u201cEfficient transit network design and frequencies setting multi-objective optimization by alternating objective genetic algorithm.\u201d Transp. Res. Part B Methodol. 81 (Nov): 355\u2013376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trb.2015.06.014.","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part B Methodol."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0968-090X(94)00011-S"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2018.04.011","article-title":"A differential evolution for simultaneous transit network design and frequency setting problem","volume":"106","author":"Buba A. T.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Buba, A. T., and L. S. Lee. 2018. \u201cA differential evolution for simultaneous transit network design and frequency setting problem.\u201d Expert Syst. Appl. 106 (Sep): 277\u2013289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2018.04.011.","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","first-page":"100141","article-title":"Modal share changes due to COVID-19: The case of Budapest","volume":"8","author":"Bucsky P.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bucsky, P. 2020. \u201cModal share changes due to COVID-19: The case of Budapest.\u201d Transp. Res. Interdiscip. Perspect. 8 (Nov): 100141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trip.2020.100141.","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Interdiscip. Perspect."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2020.104999","article-title":"The role of transport accessibility within the spread of the Coronavirus pandemic in Italy","volume":"133","author":"Carten\u00ec A.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Carten\u00ec, A., L. Di Francesco, and M. Martino. 2021. \u201cThe role of transport accessibility within the spread of the Coronavirus pandemic in Italy.\u201d Saf. Sci. 133 (Jan): 104999. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ssci.2020.104999.","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3141\/1623-01"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03052150210909"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranpol.2021.01.017","article-title":"The impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on China\u2019s transport sectors based on the CGE model coupled with a decomposition analysis approach","volume":"103","author":"Cui Q.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cui, Q., L. He, Y. Liu, Y. Zheng, W. Wei, B. Yang, and M. Zhou. 2021. \u201cThe impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on China\u2019s transport sectors based on the CGE model coupled with a decomposition analysis approach.\u201d Transp. Policy 103 (Mar): 103\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tranpol.2021.01.017.","journal-title":"Transp. Policy"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/jors.1979.190"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan L. C. L. Mumford and D. Evans. 2009. \u201cA simple multi-objective optimization algorithm for the Urban transit routing problem.\u201d In Proc. 2009 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation CEC 2009 1\u20137. New York: IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/CEC.2009.4982923"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-947X(2006)132:1(40)"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2016.04.012","article-title":"Waiting time perceptions at transit stops and stations: Effects of basic amenities, gender, and security","volume":"88","author":"Fan Y.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fan, Y., A. Guthrie, and D. Levinson. 2016. \u201cWaiting time perceptions at transit stops and stations: Effects of basic amenities, gender, and security.\u201d Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract. 88 (Jun): 251\u2013264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tra.2016.04.012.","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract."},{"issue":"1981","key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Setting frequencies on bus routes: Theory and practice","volume":"818","author":"Furth P. G.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Furth, P. G., and N. H. Wilson. 1981. \u201cSetting frequencies on bus routes: Theory and practice.\u201d Transp. Res. Rec. 818 (1981): 1\u20137.","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_1","unstructured":"Fusco G. S. Gori and M. Petrelli. 2002. \u201cA heuristic transit network design algorithm for medium size towns.\u201d In Proc. 13th Mini-Euro Conf. Bari Italy: Politecnico."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2020.102928","article-title":"Study of COVID-19 pandemic in London (UK) from urban context","volume":"106","author":"Ghosh A.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ghosh, A., S. Nundy, S. Ghosh, and T. K. Mallick. 2020. \u201cStudy of COVID-19 pandemic in London (UK) from urban context.\u201d Cities 106 (Jun): 102928. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cities.2020.102928.","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_1","first-page":"100336","article-title":"A model for modifying the public transport service patterns to account for the imposed COVID-19 capacity","volume":"9","author":"Gkiotsalitis K.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gkiotsalitis, K. 2021. \u201cA model for modifying the public transport service patterns to account for the imposed COVID-19 capacity.\u201d Transp. Res. Interdiscip. Perspect. 9 (Mar): 100336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trip.2021.100336.","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Interdiscip. Perspect."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2020.102176","article-title":"At-stop control measures in public transport: Literature review and research agenda","volume":"145","author":"Gkiotsalitis K.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gkiotsalitis, K., and O. Cats. 2021a. \u201cAt-stop control measures in public transport: Literature review and research agenda.\u201d Transp. Res. Part E Logist. Transp. Rev. 145 (Jan): 102176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tre.2020.102176.","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part E Logist. Transp. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_4_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1080\/23249935.2021.1896593","article-title":"Optimal frequency setting of metro services in the age of COVID-19 distancing measures","volume":"18","author":"Gkiotsalitis K.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gkiotsalitis, K., and O. Cats. 2021b. \u201cOptimal frequency setting of metro services in the age of COVID-19 distancing measures.\u201d Transportmetrica A: Transp. Sci. 18 (3): 807\u2013827. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23249935.2021.1896593.","journal-title":"Transportmetrica A: Transp. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01441647.2020.1857886"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2018.11.007","article-title":"A cost-minimization model for bus fleet allocation featuring the tactical generation of short-turning and interlining options","volume":"98","author":"Gkiotsalitis K.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gkiotsalitis, K., Z. Wu, and O. Cats. 2019. \u201cA cost-minimization model for bus fleet allocation featuring the tactical generation of short-turning and interlining options.\u201d Transp. Res. Part C Emerging Technol. 98 (Jan): 14\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trc.2018.11.007.","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part C Emerging Technol."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2008.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_1","volume-title":"Public transportation planning: A mathematical programming approach","author":"Hasselstrom D.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Hasselstrom, D. 1982. Public transportation planning: A mathematical programming approach. Olney, UK: Bumpus, Haldane and Maxwell Limited."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trb.2015.03.002","article-title":"Planning, operation, and control of bus transport systems: A literature review","volume":"77","author":"Ibarra-Rojas O. J.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ibarra-Rojas, O. J., F. Delgado, R. Giesen, and J. C. Mu\u00f1oz. 2015. \u201cPlanning, operation, and control of bus transport systems: A literature review.\u201d Transp. Res. Part B Methodol. 77 (Jul): 38\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trb.2015.03.002.","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part B Methodol."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trb.2014.08.010","article-title":"An integrated approach for timetabling and vehicle scheduling problems to analyze the trade-off between level of service and operating costs of transit networks","volume":"70","author":"Ibarra-Rojas O. J.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ibarra-Rojas, O. J., R. Giesen, and Y. A. Rios-Solis. 2014. \u201cAn integrated approach for timetabling and vehicle scheduling problems to analyze the trade-off between level of service and operating costs of transit networks.\u201d Transp. Res. Part B Methodol. 70 (Dec): 35\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trb.2014.08.010.","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part B Methodol."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2019.02.025","article-title":"A multi-objective meta-heuristic approach for transit network design and frequency setting problem in a bus transit system","volume":"130","author":"Jha S. B.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jha, S. B., J. K. Jha, and M. K. Tiwari. 2019. \u201cA multi-objective meta-heuristic approach for transit network design and frequency setting problem in a bus transit system.\u201d Comput. Ind. Eng. 130 (Apr): 166\u2013186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cie.2019.02.025.","journal-title":"Comput. Ind. Eng."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_4_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1057\/jors.1967.70","article-title":"The design of routes, service frequencies, and schedules for a municipal bus undertaking: A case study","volume":"18","author":"Lampkin W.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Lampkin, W., and P. D. Saalmans. 1967. \u201cThe design of routes, service frequencies, and schedules for a municipal bus undertaking: A case study.\u201d J. Oper. Res. Soc. 18 (4): 375\u2013397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/jors.1967.70.","journal-title":"J. Oper. Res. Soc."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-947X(2005)131:1(1)"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2021.103450","article-title":"A review of public transport transfer coordination at the tactical planning phase","volume":"133","author":"Liu T.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu, T., O. Cats, and K. Gkiotsalitis. 2021. \u201cA review of public transport transfer coordination at the tactical planning phase.\u201d Transp. Res. Part C Emerging Technol. 133 (Dec): 103450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trc.2021.103450.","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part C Emerging Technol."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2016.12.006","article-title":"Integrated approach to network design and frequency setting problem in railway rapid transit systems","volume":"80","author":"L\u00f3pez-Ramos F.","year":"2017","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Ramos, F., E. Codina, \u00c1. Mar\u00edn, and A. Guarnaschelli. 2017. \u201cIntegrated approach to network design and frequency setting problem in railway rapid transit systems.\u201d Comput. Oper. Res. 80 (Apr): 128\u2013146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cor.2016.12.006.","journal-title":"Comput. Oper. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_1","unstructured":"L\u00fcthi M. U. Weidmann and A. Nash. 2007. \u201cPassenger arrival rates at public transport stations.\u201d In Proc. TRB 86th Annual Meeting Compendium of Papers. Washington DC: Transportation Research Board."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(80)90126-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2018.01.015","article-title":"Public transport travel time perception: Effects of socioeconomic characteristics, trip characteristics and facility usage","volume":"114","author":"Meng M.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Meng, M., A. Rau, and H. Mahardhika. 2018. \u201cPublic transport travel time perception: Effects of socioeconomic characteristics, trip characteristics and facility usage.\u201d Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract. 114 (Aug): 24\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tra.2018.01.015.","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-947X(2003)129:5(510)"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2014.05.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-947X(1998)124:4(368)"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2014.05.007","article-title":"Including passengers\u2019 response to crowding in the Dutch national train passenger assignment model","volume":"66","author":"Pel A. J.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pel, A. J., N. H. Bel, and M. Pieters. 2014. \u201cIncluding passengers\u2019 response to crowding in the Dutch national train passenger assignment model.\u201d Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract. 66 (1): 111\u2013126.","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.3390\/su13010364","article-title":"Mobility behaviour in view of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic\u2014Public transport users in Gdansk case study","volume":"13","author":"Przybylowski A.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Przybylowski, A., S. Stelmak, and M. Suchanek. 2021. \u201cMobility behaviour in view of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic\u2014Public transport users in Gdansk case study.\u201d Sustainability 13 (1): 364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su13010364.","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_1","volume-title":"Rethinking cities in a post-covid-19 world","author":"Ratho A.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ratho, A., and P. Johns. 2020. Rethinking cities in a post-covid-19 world. New Delhi, India: ORF and Global Policy Journal."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00291-011-0251-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-0548(74)90046-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-2615(89)90034-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranpol.2007.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trb.2014.05.008","article-title":"Transit route and frequency design: Bi-level modeling and hybrid artificial bee colony algorithm approach","volume":"67","author":"Szeto W. Y.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Szeto, W. Y., and Y. Jiang. 2014. \u201cTransit route and frequency design: Bi-level modeling and hybrid artificial bee colony algorithm approach.\u201d Transp. Res. Part B Methodol. 67 (Sep): 235\u2013263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trb.2014.05.008.","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part B Methodol."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2010.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_1","unstructured":"TfL (Transport for London). 2020a. \u201cAll London buses now taking payments as capacity limits are safely increased.\u201d Accessed July 13 2020. https:\/\/tfl.gov.uk\/info-for\/media\/press-releases\/2020\/july\/all-london-buses-now-taking-payments-as-capacity-limits-are-safely-increased."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5038\/2375-0901.22.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-947X(2003)129:2(186)"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JMMA.0000020425.99217.cd","article-title":"A mixed integer formulation for multiple-route transit network design","volume":"2","author":"Wan Q. K.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wan, Q. K., and H. K. Lo. 2003. \u201cA mixed integer formulation for multiple-route transit network design.\u201d J. Math. Modell. Algorithms 2 (Dec): 299\u2013308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/B:JMMA.0000020425.99217.cd.","journal-title":"J. Math. Modell. Algorithms"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_4_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2011.06.010","article-title":"Where is my bus? Impact of mobile real-time information on the perceived and actual wait time of transit riders","volume":"45","author":"Watkins K. E.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Watkins, K. E., B. Ferris, A. Borning, G. S. Rutherford, and D. Layton. 2011. \u201cWhere is my bus? Impact of mobile real-time information on the perceived and actual wait time of transit riders.\u201d Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract. 45 (8): 839\u2013848. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tra.2011.06.010.","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_4_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.3390\/economies8040078","article-title":"Decline in mobility: Public transport in Poland in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"8","author":"Wielechowski M.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wielechowski, M., K. Czech, and \u0141. Grz\u0229da. 2020. \u201cDecline in mobility: Public transport in Poland in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic.\u201d Economies 8 (4): 78. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/economies8040078.","journal-title":"Economies"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/23249935.2018.1537319","article-title":"Crowding valuation in urban tram and bus transportation based on smart card data","volume":"16","author":"Yap M.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yap, M., O. Cats, and B. van Arem. 2020. \u201cCrowding valuation in urban tram and bus transportation based on smart card data.\u201d Transportmetrica A: Transp. Sci. 16 (1): 23\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23249935.2018.1537319.","journal-title":"Transportmetrica A: Transp. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5038\/2375-0901.9.2.6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_1","first-page":"153","volume-title":"Optimization of transit network to minimize transfers","author":"Zhao F.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zhao, F., and A. Gan. 2003. Optimization of transit network to minimize transfers, 153. Gainesville, FL: Lehman Center for Transport Research, Florida Univ."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-947X(2007)133:4(240)"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_4_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2014.11.056","article-title":"The Memetic algorithm for the optimization of urban transit network","volume":"42","author":"Zhao H.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhao, H., W. Xu, and R. Jiang. 2015. \u201cThe Memetic algorithm for the optimization of urban transit network.\u201d Expert Syst. Appl. 42 (7): 3760\u20133773. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2014.11.056.","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"issue":"7798","key":"e_1_3_4_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7","article-title":"A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin","volume":"579","author":"Zhou P.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou, P., et\u00a0al. 2020. \u201cA pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin.\u201d Nature 579 (7798): 270\u2013273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7.","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ascelibrary.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1061\/JTEPBS.TEENG-7176","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T04:14:50Z","timestamp":1676348090000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ascelibrary.org\/doi\/10.1061\/JTEPBS.TEENG-7176"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1061\/JTEPBS.TEENG-7176"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1061\/jtepbs.teeng-7176","relation":{},"ISSN":["2473-2907","2473-2893"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2473-2907","type":"print"},{"value":"2473-2893","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-12-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-14","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"04023020"}}