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One relies on the science instrument hosting program onboard geostationary commercial satellites, while the other takes advantage of recent developments in the aerospace industry that result in dramatic satellite and launching vehicle cost reductions for a dedicated geosynchronous mission. To achieve the required level of disturbance free-fall onboard these large and heavy platforms, we propose a new drag-free system, which we have named \u201ctwo-stage\u201d drag-free. It incorporates the Modular Gravitational Reference Sensor (developed at Stanford University) and does not rely on the use of \u03bcN thrusters. Although both mission concepts are characterized by different technical and programmatic challenges, individually they could be flown and operated at a cost significantly lower than those of previously envisioned gravitational wave missions, and in the year 2015 we will perform at JPL a detailed selecting mission analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4904862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,7]],"date-time":"2015-01-07T18:00:24Z","timestamp":1420653624000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["gLISA: geosynchronous laser interferometer space antenna concepts with off-the-shelf satellites"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Tinto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"California Institute of Technology 1 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, , MS. 238-737, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"DeBra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University 2 Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, , Stanford, California 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Buchman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University 2 Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, , Stanford, California 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Tilley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Space Systems\/Loral (SSL), 3825 Fabian Way, Palo Alto, California 94303, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023070416254739000_c1","first-page":"330","volume-title":"Gravitational Radiation","author":"Hawking","year":"1987"},{"key":"2023070416254739000_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122003","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.82.122003","volume":"82","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys. 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