{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T23:00:05Z","timestamp":1774047605273,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"3","funder":[{"name":"University of Idaho SEED Grant by Office of research and economic development"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Babesia species are obligate intraerythrocytic tick-borne protozoan parasites that are the etiologic agents of babesiosis, a potentially life-threatening, malaria-like illness in humans and animals. Babesia-infected people have been known to suffer from complications including liver problems, severe hemolytic anemia, and kidney failure. As reported by the Food and Drug Administration, 38% of mortality cases observed in transfusion recipients were associated with transfusion transmitted diseases of which babesiosis is the chief culprit. As of now, no tests have been licensed yet for screening blood donors for babesiosis. Current diagnostic tools for babesiosis including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction are expensive and burdened with multifarious shortcomings. In this research, a low-cost, high-specificity, quick, and easy-to-use insulator-based dielectrophoretic diagnostic tool is developed for characterizing and concentrating Babesia-infected cells in their homogenous mixture with healthy cell population. In this work, a mixture of Babesia-infected (varying parasitemia) and healthy red blood cells (RBCs or erythrocytes) was exposed to non-uniform electric fields in a fabricated microfluidic platform to manipulate and sort the Babesia-infected cells within a minute. At DC voltage configurations of 10\u2009V and 0\/6\u2009V in the inlet and the two outlet channels, respectively, the diseased cells were seen to flow in a direction different from the healthy RBCs. Bright field and fluorescence microscopy were utilized to present qualitative differentiation of the healthy erythrocytes from the infected cells. The proposed micro device platform was able to enrich RBCs from 0.1% to \u223c70% parasitemia. This device, when finally developed into a point-of-care diagnostic chip, would enhance the detection of Babesia-infected erythrocytes and as well serve as a precursor to babesiosis vaccine development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4954196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,17]],"date-time":"2016-06-17T18:03:06Z","timestamp":1466186586000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Insulator-based dielectrophoretic diagnostic tool for babesiosis"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ezekiel O.","family":"Adekanmbi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Idaho 1 Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, , Moscow, Idaho 83844-1021, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massaro W.","family":"Ueti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture 2 Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, , Pullman, Washington 99164-7030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7585-8595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brady","family":"Rinaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Idaho 1 Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, , Moscow, Idaho 83844-1021, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos E.","family":"Suarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture 2 Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, , Pullman, Washington 99164-7030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soumya K.","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Idaho 1 Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, , Moscow, Idaho 83844-1021, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023070515363067800_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1080\/00034989859465","volume":"92","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann. 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