{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:21:45Z","timestamp":1790745705438,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,22]],"date-time":"2017-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,22]],"date-time":"2017-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513900800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We present a fast and model-free 2D and 3D single-molecule localization algorithm that allows more than 3 \u00d7 106 localizations per second to be calculated on a standard multi-core central processing unit with localization accuracies in line with the most accurate algorithms currently available. Our algorithm converts the region of interest around a point spread function to two phase vectors (phasors) by calculating the first Fourier coefficients in both the x- and y-direction. The angles of these phasors are used to localize the center of the single fluorescent emitter, and the ratio of the magnitudes of the two phasors is a measure for astigmatism, which can be used to obtain depth information (z-direction). Our approach can be used both as a stand-alone algorithm for maximizing localization speed and as a first estimator for more time consuming iterative algorithms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5005899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,22]],"date-time":"2017-12-22T09:56:51Z","timestamp":1513936611000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Phasor based single-molecule localization microscopy in 3D (pSMLM-3D): An algorithm for MHz localization rates using standard CPUs"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"148","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9447-8579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koen J. 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