{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T20:13:12Z","timestamp":1789762392645,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"8","funder":[{"name":"Special fund for Basic Research on Major Scientific Instruments of NNSFC","award":["11327802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11327802"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11672120, 11421062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11672120, 11421062"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To investigate the field-dependent and mechanical properties of superconducting wires and tapes as a function of cryogenic temperature, transport current, and magnetic field, we designed and constructed a versatile facility capable of providing cryogenic-electro-magnetic multifields. The facility comprises several relatively independent systems to acquire multiple fields and explore various properties for superconductors. A superconducting racetrack magnet is manufactured to generate a transverse background field up to 3.5 T in a relatively large space of a homogeneous region of \u2205200 mm \u00d7 H 150 mm. A cryogenic system consisting of a vacuum Dewar vessel with a visible window cooled by two Gifford\u2013McMahon (GM) cryocoolers for providing refrigeration was built to accommodate the background magnet and testing devices, in which one GM cryocooler cools the magnet at an operation temperature of about 4 K and the other maintains a cryogenic environment for specimens in conduction mode with the cryocooler head directly contacting the fixtures. The continuous variations of temperature (4\u2013293 K) and transport current (0\u20131000 A) in the superconducting wires and tapes that were tested are, respectively, implemented by an integration differentiation temperature control with an optional temperature sweep rate and a DC high-power supply. Most prominently, the facility can measure the field-dependent and mechanical properties for superconducting wires and tapes, which is implemented by a mechanical loading and measuring system equipped with a universal testing machine possessing a specific design of widening and heightening size and a noncontact digital image correlation method with a high-speed, high-resolution CCD camera for real-time recording and full-field deformation of specimens. The preliminary results of tests verify the multifield functionalities of the versatile facility and illustrate the performance of the facility for studying the properties of superconducting wires and tapes as a function of magnetic field, cryogenic temperature, transport current, and mechanical loading.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5030350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,22]],"date-time":"2018-08-22T16:50:56Z","timestamp":1534956656000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A versatile facility for investigating field-dependent and mechanical properties of superconducting wires and tapes under cryogenic-electro-magnetic multifields"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"89","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0537-4656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xingzhe","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Western Disaster and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Civil Engineering and Mechanic, Lanzhou University 1 , Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youhe","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Western Disaster and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Civil Engineering and Mechanic, Lanzhou University 1 , Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2148-5268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingzhi","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Modern Physics of Chinese Academy of Science 2 , Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Canjie","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Modern Physics of Chinese Academy of Science 2 , Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023080502410229900_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryogenics.2014.03.003","article-title":"Artificial neural network (ANN) modeling of the pulsed heat load during ITER CS magnet operation","volume":"63","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cryogenics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023080502410229900_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4002008","DOI":"10.1109\/tasc.2012.2186109","article-title":"Advanced accelerator magnets for upgrading the LHC","volume":"22","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023080502410229900_c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1109\/tmag.1977.1059408","article-title":"A survey of failure experience in existing superconducting magnet systems and its relevance to fusion power reactors","volume":"13","year":"1977","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Magn."},{"key":"2023080502410229900_c4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1063\/1.92652","article-title":"Identification of quench origins in a superconductor with acoustic emission and voltage measurements","volume":"39","year":"1981","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023080502410229900_c5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1109\/tmag.1981.1060978","article-title":"The superconductor test facility SULTAN","volume":"17","year":"1981","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Magn."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023080502410229900_c6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1109\/tasc.2002.1018457","article-title":"Upgrade of operating range for SULTAN test facility","volume":"12","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond."},{"issue":"3","key":"2023080502410229900_c7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9501704","DOI":"10.1109\/tasc.2012.2191483","article-title":"Operation and test results from the SULTAN test facility","volume":"22","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond."},{"key":"2023080502410229900_c8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/s0920-3796(03)00140-6","article-title":"Test results of the ITER toroidal field model coil experiment in the TOSKA facility of the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe","volume":"66-68","year":"2003","journal-title":"Fusion Eng. Des."},{"key":"2023080502410229900_c9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/0011-2275(85)90174-2","article-title":"Experimental results of domestic testing of the pool-boiling cooled Japanese coil and the forced-flow cooled EURATOM LCT coil","volume":"25","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cryogenics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023080502410229900_c10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1109\/77.783259","article-title":"1.9K test facility for the reception of the superconducting cables for the LHC","volume":"9","year":"1999","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023080502410229900_c11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1109\/tmag.1979.1060275","article-title":"First results of superconducting toroidal coil of tokamak T-7 testing","volume":"15","year":"1979","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Magn."},{"issue":"3","key":"2023080502410229900_c12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4200505","DOI":"10.1109\/tasc.2011.2174548","article-title":"Status and achievements in production of ITER TF conductors and PF cables in Russian Cable Institute","volume":"22","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond."},{"issue":"4","key":"2023080502410229900_c13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3049","DOI":"10.1109\/20.511519","article-title":"Construction of ITER common test facility for CS model coil","volume":"32","year":"1996","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Magn."},{"key":"2023080502410229900_c14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fusengdes.2008.12.085","article-title":"Upgrading the NIFS superconductor test facility for JT-60SA cable-in-conduit conductors","volume":"84","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fusion Eng. Des."},{"issue":"4","key":"2023080502410229900_c15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"045006","DOI":"10.1088\/0953-2048\/21\/4\/045006","article-title":"International round robin test for mechanical properties of Nb3Sn superconductive wires at room temperature","volume":"21","year":"2008","journal-title":"Supercond. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2023080502410229900_c16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"085009","DOI":"10.1088\/0953-2048\/27\/8\/085009","article-title":"International round robin test for mechanical properties of REBCO superconductive tapes at room temperature","volume":"27","year":"2014","journal-title":"Supercond. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2023080502410229900_c17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"025010","DOI":"10.1088\/0953-2048\/29\/2\/025010","article-title":"International round robin test of the retained critical current after double bending at room temperature of Ag-sheathed Bi-2223 superconducting wires","volume":"29","year":"2015","journal-title":"Supercond. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2023080502410229900_c18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1088\/0953-2048\/17\/12\/009","article-title":"Tensile stress applied to NbTi, Nb3Sn, Bi-2223 and MgB2 composite superconductors at room temperature","volume":"17","year":"2004","journal-title":"Supercond. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2023080502410229900_c19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physc.2008.05.086","article-title":"Estimation of Young\u2019s modulus, residual strain and intrinsic fracture strain of Bi2212 filaments in Bi2212\/Ag\/Ag alloy composite wire","volume":"468","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys. C"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023080502410229900_c20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/bf00683681","article-title":"Tensile test evidence of morphological structural changes in superconducting NbTi fibers and composites","volume":"57","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Low Temp. Phys."},{"issue":"6","key":"2023080502410229900_c21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryogenics.2010.06.017","article-title":"Mechanical tests on the ITER PF 316L jacket after compaction","volume":"51","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cryogenics"},{"key":"2023080502410229900_c22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4829","DOI":"10.1063\/1.338986","article-title":"Effect of transverse compressive stress on the critical current and upper critical field of Nb3Sn","volume":"62","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"2023080502410229900_c23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3247","DOI":"10.1063\/1.369667","article-title":"The strain dependence of the critical properties of Nb3Sn superconductors","volume":"85","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"issue":"9","key":"2023080502410229900_c24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1088\/0953-2048\/16\/9\/311","article-title":"Critical current versus strain research at the University of Twente","volume":"16","year":"2003","journal-title":"Supercond. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"9","key":"2023080502410229900_c25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1088\/0953-2048\/16\/9\/307","article-title":"A device for critical current versus strain measurements up to 1000 A and 17 T on 80 cm long HTS and LTS technical superconductors","volume":"16","year":"2003","journal-title":"Supercond. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"12","key":"2023080502410229900_c26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5112","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1819384","article-title":"A device to investigate the axial strain dependence of the critical current density in superconductors","volume":"75","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"issue":"3","key":"2023080502410229900_c27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1109\/tasc.2010.2041538","article-title":"Reversible transverse stress effects on the critical current of an internal Tin Nb3Sn strand under axial strain","volume":"20","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond."},{"key":"2023080502410229900_c28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4521","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1324734","article-title":"A probe for investigating the effects of temperature, strain, and magnetic field on transport critical currents in superconducting wires and tapes","volume":"71","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"2023080502410229900_c29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"065111","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4881235","article-title":"Probes for investigating the effect of magnetic field, field orientation, temperature and strain on the critical current density of anisotropic high-temperature superconducting tapes in a split-pair 15 T horizontal magnet","volume":"85","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"2023080502410229900_c30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115019","DOI":"10.1088\/0953-2048\/21\/11\/115019","article-title":"The intrinsic strain effect on critical current under a magnetic field parallel to the c axis for a MOCVD-YBCO-coated conductor","volume":"21","year":"2008","journal-title":"Supercond. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2023080502410229900_c31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"025103","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4865119","article-title":"A direct tensile device to investigate the critical current properties in superconducting tapes","volume":"85","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"issue":"2","key":"2023080502410229900_c32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1109\/tasc.2005.849097","article-title":"The FBI facility\u2014A test rig for critical current measurements on CICC as a function of strain","volume":"15","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond."},{"key":"2023080502410229900_c33","volume-title":"Image Correlation for Shape, Motion and Deformation Measurements: Basic Concepts, Theory and Application","year":"2009"},{"key":"2023080502410229900_c34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129001","DOI":"10.1088\/1674-1137\/39\/12\/129001","article-title":"Design of a conduction-cooled 4T superconducting racetrack for multi-field coupling measurement system","volume":"39","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin. Phys. C"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023080502410229900_c35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s11071-007-9322-2","article-title":"Fractional control of heat diffusion systems","volume":"54","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nonlinear Dyn."},{"key":"2023080502410229900_c36","unstructured":"V.\u2008Parma, \u201cCryostat design,\u201d CERN Yellow Report CERN-2014-005, 2013, pp. 353\u2013399; e-print arXiv:1501.07154."},{"key":"2023080502410229900_c37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physc.2007.04.319","article-title":"Reversible tensile strain dependence of the critical current in YBCO coated conductor tapes","volume":"463-465","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phys. C"}],"container-title":["Review of Scientific Instruments"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/aip\/rsi\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1063\/1.5030350\/13574732\/085117_1_online.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/aip\/rsi\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1063\/1.5030350\/13574732\/085117_1_online.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,5]],"date-time":"2023-08-05T02:42:36Z","timestamp":1691203356000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/rsi\/article\/89\/8\/085117\/992234\/A-versatile-facility-for-investigating-field"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.5030350","relation":{},"ISSN":["0034-6748","1089-7623"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0034-6748","type":"print"},{"value":"1089-7623","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]]},"article-number":"085117"}}