{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T17:41:56Z","timestamp":1776879716169,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"4","funder":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Complex System Control and Intelligent Information Processing","award":["2017CP07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017CP07"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Complex System Control and Intelligent Information Processing","award":["SKL2017CP07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKL2017CP07"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20AA017068,NCRR P20RR021938,NIGMS P20GM103472,1P50AA022534"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20AA017068,NCRR P20RR021938,NIGMS P20GM103472,1P50AA022534"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61601361"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61601361"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>It is common knowledge that alcohol consumption during pregnancy would cause cognitive impairment in children. However, recent works suggested that the risk of drinking during pregnancy may have been exaggerated. It is critical to determine whether and up to which amount the consumption of alcohol will affect the cognitive development of children. We evaluate time-varying functional connectivity using magnetoencephalogram data from somatosensory evoked response experiments for 19 teenage subjects with prenatal alcohol exposure and 21 healthy control teenage subjects using a new time-varying connectivity approach, combining renormalised partial directed coherence with state space modeling. Children exposed to alcohol prenatally are at risk of developing a Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) characterized by cerebral connectivity deficiency and impaired cognitive abilities. Through a comparison study of teenage subjects exposed to alcohol prenatally with healthy control subjects, we establish that the inter-hemispheric connectivity is deficient for the former, which may lead to disruption in the cortical inter-hemispheric connectivity and deficits in higher order cognitive functions as measured by an IQ test, for example. We provide quantitative evidence that the disruption is correlated with cognitive deficits. These findings could lead to a novel, highly sensitive biomarker for FASD and support a recommendation of no safe amount of alcohol consumption during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5089527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]],"date-time":"2019-04-02T11:48:19Z","timestamp":1554205699000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Quantitative assessment of cerebral connectivity deficiency and cognitive impairment in children with prenatal alcohol exposure"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Lin","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University 1 , Xi\u2019an 710049, Shaanxi,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]},{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Complex System Control and Intelligent Information Processing, Xi\u2019an University of Technology 2 , Xi\u2019an 710048, Shaanxi,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Celso","family":"Grebogi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Complex Systems and Mathematical Biology, King\u2019s College, University of Aberdeen 3 , Aberdeen AB24 3UE,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0723-733X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying-Cheng","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University 4 , Tempe, Arizona 85287-5706,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Physics, Arizona State University 5 , Tempe, Arizona 85287-5706,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Stephen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mind Research Network 6 , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tongsheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico 7 , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanli","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Bei Zhan Hospital 8 , Shanghai 200070,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haipeng","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Complex System Control and Intelligent Information Processing, Xi\u2019an University of Technology 2 , Xi\u2019an 710048, Shaanxi,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dichen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University 1 , Xi\u2019an 710049, Shaanxi,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University 9 , Xi\u2019an 710049, Shaanxi,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bjoern","family":"Schelter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Complex Systems and Mathematical Biology, King\u2019s College, University of Aberdeen 3 , Aberdeen AB24 3UE,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Sommerlade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Complex Systems and Mathematical Biology, King\u2019s College, University of Aberdeen 3 , Aberdeen AB24 3UE,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100316571005900_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-3319","volume":"134","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025100316571005900_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-011-9166-x","volume":"21","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychol. 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