{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T15:27:51Z","timestamp":1788362871372,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,29]],"date-time":"2019-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,29]],"date-time":"2019-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564358400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018R1A2A1A05019550"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018R1A2A1A05019550"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A global ban on animal experiments has been proposed. Hence, it is imperative to develop alternative models. Artificial skin models should reflect the responses of subcutaneous blood vessels and the immune system to elucidate disease and identify cosmetics' base materials. Notably, in vivo skin-irritation cascades involve disruption of the epidermal barrier and the release of proinflammatory mediators in response to chemical stimuli. Such proinflammatory factors promote angiogenesis and blood vessel permeability, as observed in irritant contact dermatitis. As an alternative to animal models, we propose a novel skin-irritation model based on a three-dimensional in vitro angiogenesis platform, in which irritated keratinocytes biochemically stimulate vascular endothelial growth factors. Our microfluidic platform hosts interactions between keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts, which promote angiogenic sprouting. We use sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and steartrimonium chloride (SC) as chemical irritants. The irritative effects of SLS and SC are of particular interest due to the ubiquity of both SLS and SC in cosmetics. SLS was observed to significantly affect angiogenic performance, with increasing sprout length. Further promotion of vessel sprouting and lumen formation was observed with 10, 20, and 60\u2009\u03bcM of SC, despite its classification as nonirritating and use in supposedly safe formulations. This platform provides an alternative to animal testing as a basis for testing cosmetics and pharmaceutical substances, in addition to serving as a disease model for irritant contact dermatitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5093975","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,29]],"date-time":"2019-07-29T16:53:08Z","timestamp":1564419188000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Microfluidics-based skin irritation test using <i>in vitro<\/i> 3D angiogenesis platform"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6920-8542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norhana","family":"Jusoh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University 1 , Seoul 08826, South Korea"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 2 , 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6555-3728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jihoon","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University 1 , Seoul 08826, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0490-3592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noo Li","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University 1 , Seoul 08826, South Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Seoul National University 3 , Seoul 08826, South Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Bioengineering, Seoul National University 4 , Seoul 08826, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"2023080608111075700_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(94)90131-7","article-title":"Development of a 10-day chorioallantoic membrane vascular assay as an alternative to the draize rabbit eye irritation test","volume":"32","year":"1994","journal-title":"Food Chem. 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