{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T23:30:40Z","timestamp":1772494240011,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"8","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11674096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11674096"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11834003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11834003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11874151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11874151"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CHE-1955310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CHE-1955310"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The fine and hyperfine interactions in PbF have been studied using the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy method. Cold PbF molecular beam was produced by laser-ablating a Pb rod under jet-cooled conditions, followed by the reaction with SF6. The LIF excitation spectrum of the (0, 0) band in the B2\u03a3+\u2013X2\u03a01\/2 system of the 208PbF, 207PbF, and 206PbF isotopologues has been recorded with rotational, fine structure, and hyperfine-structure resolution. Transitions in the LIF spectrum were assigned and combined with the previous X2\u03a03\/2\u2013X2\u03a01\/2 emission spectrum in the near-infrared region [Ziebarth et al., J. Mol. Spectrosc. 191, 108\u2013116 (1998)] and the X2\u03a01\/2 state pure rotational spectrum of PbF [Mawhorter et al., Phys. Rev. A 84, 022508 (2011)] in a global fit to derive the rotational, spin\u2013orbit, spin\u2013rotation, and hyperfine interaction parameters of the ground (X2\u03a01\/2) and the excited (B2\u03a3+) electronic states. Molecular constants determined in the present work are compared with previously reported values. Particularly, the significance of the hyperfine parameters, A\u22a5 and A\u2016, of 207Pb is discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0099716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]],"date-time":"2022-08-23T12:08:35Z","timestamp":1661256515000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Fine and hyperfine interactions of PbF studied by laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"157","author":[{"given":"Chengcheng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University 1 , 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200241 Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6976-8806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hailing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University 1 , 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200241 Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University 1 , 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200241 Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yini","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University 1 , 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200241 Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4101-2385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University 1 , 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200241 Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianping","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University 1 , 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200241 Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3968-2059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinjun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville 2 , Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Louisville 3 , Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023082300044934600_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.1103\/physrevlett.59.2275","article-title":"New constraints on time-reversal asymmetry from a search for a permanent electric dipole moment of 199Hg","volume":"59","year":"1987","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2023082300044934600_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10104","article-title":"Improved measurement of the shape of the electron","volume":"473","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023082300044934600_c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153001","DOI":"10.1103\/physrevlett.119.153001","article-title":"Precision measurement of the electron\u2019s electric dipole moment using trapped molecular ions","volume":"119","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2023082300044934600_c4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0599-8","article-title":"Improved limit on the electric dipole moment of the electron","volume":"562","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023082300044934600_c5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"012814","DOI":"10.1103\/physreva.104.012814","article-title":"Calculations of time-reversal symmetry-violation sensitivity parameters based on analytic relativistic coupled-cluster gradient theory","volume":"104","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. A"},{"key":"2023082300044934600_c6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"034102","DOI":"10.1103\/physreva.73.034102","article-title":"Possibility of 0-g-factor paramagnetic molecules for measurement of the electron\u2019s electric dipole moment","volume":"73","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. A"},{"key":"2023082300044934600_c7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1088\/0953-4075\/28\/10\/008","article-title":"Parity violation effects in diatomics","volume":"28","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Phys. B: At., Mol. Opt. Phys."},{"key":"2023082300044934600_c8","first-page":"415","article-title":"Parity nonconservation in diatomic molecules in strong constant magnetic field","volume":"73","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Exp. Theor. Phys."},{"key":"2023082300044934600_c9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.1936.0011","article-title":"The band spectra of the lead halides, PbF and PbCI","volume":"153","year":"1936","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A"},{"key":"2023082300044934600_c10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1103\/physrev.49.47","article-title":"Absorption spectra of PbF, PbCl and PbBr","volume":"49","year":"1936","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"2023082300044934600_c11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.1938.0155","article-title":"The band spectrum of lead fluoride (PbF). II","volume":"167","year":"1938","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A"},{"key":"2023082300044934600_c12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1088\/0370-1328\/73\/2\/423","article-title":"Some observations on the spectra of the diatomic fluorides of silicon, germanium, tin, and lead","volume":"73","year":"1959","journal-title":"Proc. Phys. Soc., London, Sect. A"},{"key":"2023082300044934600_c13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1063\/1.462189","article-title":"Laser fluorescence study of the Pb+F2, Cl2 reactions: Internal state distribution of the PbCl product and radiative lifetimes of PbF(A, B) and PbCl(A)","volume":"96","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2023082300044934600_c14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2614(79)80222-5","article-title":"Laser induced fluorescence studies of the A2\u03a3 state of PbF","volume":"64","year":"1979","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"2023082300044934600_c15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0104(92)87056-f","article-title":"Radiative lifetime and quenching of the A2\u03a3+ and X22\u03a03\/2 states of PbF","volume":"165","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2023082300044934600_c16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"024502","DOI":"10.1103\/physreva.75.024502","article-title":"Multiphoton ionization of lead monofluoride resonantly enhanced by the X12\u03a01\/2 \u2192 B2\u03a31\/2 transition","volume":"75","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. A"},{"key":"2023082300044934600_c17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"054502","DOI":"10.1103\/physreva.78.054502","article-title":"Experimental determination of the hyperfine constants of the X1 and A states of 207Pb19F","volume":"78","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. A"},{"key":"2023082300044934600_c18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"062508","DOI":"10.1103\/physreva.77.062508","article-title":"State-selective detection of the PbF molecule by doubly resonant multiphoton ionization","volume":"77","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. A"},{"key":"2023082300044934600_c19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3700\/10\/8\/025","article-title":"Rotational analysis of the B-X2, B-X1 and A-X1 systems of gaseous PbF","volume":"10","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys."},{"key":"2023082300044934600_c20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1006\/jmsp.1998.7618","article-title":"High-resolution study of the X22\u03a03\/2 \u2192 X12\u03a01\/2 fine structure transitions of PbF and PbCl","volume":"191","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Mol. Spectrosc."},{"key":"2023082300044934600_c21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jms.2010.05.006","article-title":"Spectroscopic constants of the known electronic states of lead monofluoride","volume":"262","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Mol. Spectrosc."},{"key":"2023082300044934600_c22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"022508","DOI":"10.1103\/physreva.84.022508","article-title":"Characterization of the ground X1 state of 204Pb19F, 206Pb19F, 207Pb19F, and 208Pb19F","volume":"84","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. A"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023082300044934600_c23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.1063\/1.449323","article-title":"Relativistic configuration interaction calculations of low-lying states of PbF","volume":"83","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2023082300044934600_c24","volume-title":"The Spectra and Dynamics of Diatomic Molecules","year":"2004"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023082300044934600_c25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"054303","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3298583","article-title":"Excited states of PbF: A four-component relativistic study","volume":"132","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2023082300044934600_c26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"022516","DOI":"10.1103\/physreva.100.022516","article-title":"Fine and hyperfine interaction in 173YbF","volume":"100","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. A"},{"key":"2023082300044934600_c27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109901","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4752243","article-title":"The hyperfine interaction in the A2\u03a01\/2 and X2\u03a3+ states of ytterbium monofluoride","volume":"137","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2023082300044934600_c28","volume-title":"Rotational Spectroscopy of Diatomic Molecules","year":"2003"},{"key":"2023082300044934600_c29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jqsrt.2016.04.010","article-title":"PGOPHER: A program for simulating rotational, vibrational and electronic spectra","volume":"186","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer"},{"key":"2023082300044934600_c30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"064501","DOI":"10.1103\/physreva.90.064501","article-title":"Search for parity- and time-and-parity\u2013violation effects in lead monofluoride (PbF): Ab initio molecular study","volume":"90","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. A"},{"key":"2023082300044934600_c31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"060501","DOI":"10.1103\/physreva.82.060501","article-title":"Progress toward the electron electric-dipole-moment search: Theoretical study of the PbF molecule","volume":"82","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. A"},{"key":"2023082300044934600_c32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4939","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3700\/20\/19\/007","article-title":"Calculation of the P- and T-odd spin-rotational Hamiltonian of the PbF molecule","volume":"20","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys."},{"key":"2023082300044934600_c33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/0375-9601(92)90206-2","article-title":"Calculation of the spin-rotational Hamiltonian including P- and P, T-odd weak interaction terms for HgF and PbF molecules","volume":"167","year":"1992","journal-title":"Phys. Lett. A"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Chemical Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/aip\/jcp\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1063\/5.0099716\/16550822\/084307_1_online.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/aip\/jcp\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1063\/5.0099716\/16550822\/084307_1_online.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T00:05:08Z","timestamp":1692749108000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/jcp\/article\/157\/8\/084307\/2841823\/Fine-and-hyperfine-interactions-of-PbF-studied-by"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/5.0099716","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9606","1089-7690"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9606","type":"print"},{"value":"1089-7690","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,28]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]]},"article-number":"084307"}}