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To give the correct electron spin splitting of the X\u03a3\u22124 state, electron spin dipolar interaction within the ground state and the spin\u2013orbit coupling between X\u03a3\u22124 and two excited states, A\u03a04 and 1\u03a3+2, are calculated ab initio alongside hyperfine interaction terms. Four hyperfine coupling terms are explicitly considered: Fermi-contact interaction, electron spin-nuclear spin dipolar interaction, nuclear spin-rotation interaction, and nuclear electric quadrupole interaction. These terms are included as part of a full variational solution of the nuclear-motion Schr\u00f6dinger equation performed using program Duo, which is used to generate both hyperfine-resolved energy levels and spectra. To improve the accuracy of the model, ab initio curves are subject to small shifts. The energy levels generated by this model show good agreement with the recently derived empirical term values. This and other comparisons validate both our model and the recently developed hyperfine modules in Duo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0105965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T15:05:03Z","timestamp":1662044703000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A variational model for the hyperfine resolved spectrum of VO in its ground electronic state"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"157","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3643-4519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qianwei","family":"Qu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London , London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9286-9501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergei N.","family":"Yurchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London , London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4994-5238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Tennyson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London , London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023081006151822600_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1080\/01442350903292442","volume":"28","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. 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