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The BPMCM is equipped with a joystick and micro switch, and the disabled person uses neck and head movements to push the joystick and control the cursor position while the three mouse functions (i.e., left-click, right-click, and drag) are activated by bite-pressing for different time intervals. The proposed design eliminates the sip-and-puff technique and the need to recite orders for reduced adaptation time and increased convenience. Furthermore, this design supports plug-and-play and hot plugging in modern mainstream operating systems that can often be directly operated via mouse functions. Experimental results demonstrated that disabled people using a BPMCM were as capable as healthy participants in operating a computer, with both experiments completed within 5\u00a0min, and voluntary disabled people immediately adapted to the BPMCM. The proposed design is expected to allow disabled people to operate computers at the same level as healthy participants. The BPMCM also required only half the physical exertion of other mouth-controlled mouse-control aids that require orders to be recited.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0185601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T12:29:48Z","timestamp":1725539388000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mouth-controlled mouse for quadriplegic disabled people: System design and validation"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2536-9899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheng-Yuan","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University 1 , Tainan City 70101, Taiwan, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9197-4721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng-Chi","family":"Tai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University 1 , Tainan City 70101, Taiwan, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsui-Ping","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital 2 , Taipei, Taiwan, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1569-977X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miin-Jye","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, National Cheng Kung University 3 , Tainan City 70101, Taiwan, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024090512292931100_c1","first-page":"43","volume-title":"International Perspectives on Spinal Cord Injury","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2013"},{"first-page":"1","article-title":"Spinal cord injury facts and figures at a glance","year":"2017","key":"2024090512292931100_c2"},{"key":"2024090512292931100_c3","unstructured":"Respiratory health and spinal cord injury,\u201d National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center, https:\/\/msktc.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-06\/SCI-RespHealth-508.pdf, 2015, pp. 1\u20134."},{"issue":"8","key":"2024090512292931100_c4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2009.1138","article-title":"Survival after spinal cord injury: A systematic review","volume":"27","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024090512292931100_c5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1183\/20734735.012616","article-title":"Respiratory problems and management in people with spinal cord injury","volume":"12","year":"2016","journal-title":"Breathe"},{"key":"2024090512292931100_c6","unstructured":"2022 annual report\u2014Complete public version,\u201d National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center, https:\/\/www.nscisc.uab.edu\/public\/AR2022_public%20version.pdf, 2022, pp. 49."},{"key":"2024090512292931100_c7","first-page":"1","article-title":"Understanding spinal cord injury: Part 1\u2014The body before and after injury","author":"University of Alabama at Birmingham Spinal Cord Injury","year":"2015"},{"key":"2024090512292931100_c8","first-page":"1","article-title":"Understanding spinal cord injury, part 2\u2014Recovery and rehabilitation","author":"University of Alabama at Birmingham Spinal Cord Injury","year":"2015"},{"key":"2024090512292931100_c9","first-page":"1","article-title":"Natural history of lung function in spinal muscular atrophy","volume-title":"Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases","year":"2020"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024090512292931100_c10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2013.75","article-title":"Conservative management of iatrogenic membranous tracheal wall injury: A discussion of 2 successful pediatric cases","volume":"139","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol.-Head Neck Surg."},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"2024090512292931100_c11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1080\/21678421.2018.1452945","article-title":"Respiratory measures in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"19","year":"2018","journal-title":"Amyotrophic Lateral Scler. 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