{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T04:38:47Z","timestamp":1785213527946,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A versatile beamline for performing reflectivity, fluorescence, and absorption experiments in the soft x-ray region of 100\u20131500\u00a0eV is commissioned on a bending magnet port of the Indus-2 synchrotron source. A high vacuum 2-axis reflectometer with x, y, and z sample scanning stages is installed. This reflectometer is used to measure the reflectivity of large samples up to 300\u00a0mm in length and 5\u00a0kg in weight. This feature is useful for characterizing x-ray optical elements, such as mirrors, gratings, and multilayers. A flange mounted silicon drift detector is installed in the downstream of the reflectometer for soft x-ray fluorescence measurements. The soft x-ray absorption measurements are carried out in the total electron yield and partial fluorescence yield modes. Integration of three different experimental techniques in the experimental station makes the beamline versatile for materials science applications as it provides structural, chemical, and electronic state information by performing the required experiments in an identical environment. The beamline uses a varied line spacing plane grating monochromator and gives a high flux (\u223c109 to 1011 photon\/s) with a moderate resolution (\u03bb\/\u0394\u03bb ~1000\u20135000). A three-mirror-based higher harmonic setup is incorporated to get rid of harmonics and to get a high spectral purity monochromatic beam with less than 0.1% harmonic content. In the present article, the beamline optical scheme, mechanical configuration, and details of the experimental setups are presented, along with a few representative results of each experimental mode.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0190169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]],"date-time":"2024-02-16T19:59:13Z","timestamp":1708113553000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A versatile beamline for soft x-ray reflectivity, absorption, and fluorescence measurements at Indus-2 synchrotron source"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5799-8666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed H.","family":"Modi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Accelerator Physics and Synchrotrons Utilization Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology 1 , Indore 452 013, India"},{"name":"Homi Bhabha National Institute 2 , Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajkumar","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Accelerator Physics and Synchrotrons Utilization Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology 1 , Indore 452 013, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5504-7207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shruti","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Accelerator Physics and Synchrotrons Utilization Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology 1 , Indore 452 013, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8183-4788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Praveen Kumar","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Accelerator Physics and Synchrotrons Utilization Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology 1 , Indore 452 013, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chander","family":"Kant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Accelerator Physics and Synchrotrons Utilization Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology 1 , Indore 452 013, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sohan","family":"Lal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Accelerator Physics and Synchrotrons Utilization Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology 1 , Indore 452 013, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V. 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