{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T16:02:49Z","timestamp":1786550569479,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","issue":"7","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006668","name":"Fondo para la Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PICT StartUp 4655"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT StartUp 4655"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006668","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Tear viscosity is a critical property affecting tear distribution and ocular surface stability. While not widely established as a primary diagnostic marker, deviations from normal viscosity can impact ocular health, potentially contributing to conditions such as dry eye syndrome. Despite their importance, traditional viscometers require sample volumes that are not feasible to use with tear volume. This research introduces a novel Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM)-based method for tear viscosity measurement, offering a viscometer prototype that operates with minimal sample volumes. Human tear samples, solutions used in artificial eye drops, and various commercial eye drop brands were evaluated. Results show that the QCM method aligns with established viscosity ranges. The average viscosity of healthy human tears was found to be 1.73 \u00b1 0.61 cP, aligning with the typical range of 1\u201310 cP. Variability in the viscosities\u00a0of eye drop can be attributed to differences in their chemical compositions. The QCM method offers benefits such as reduced sample consumption and rapid results, enhancing understanding of tear dynamics for ocular health. Further research with larger sample sizes is needed to establish normative viscosity values in healthy individuals and those with dry eye syndrome, which is crucial for validating the device\u2019s clinical efficacy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0207182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]],"date-time":"2024-07-18T12:35:56Z","timestamp":1721306156000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Exploring tear viscosity with quartz crystal microbalance technology"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3052-8888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Nacional de Entre R\u00edos 1 , Ruta Prov. 11, Km 10, Oro Verde 3100, Entre R\u00edos, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5982-2656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Millicovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo en Bioingenier\u00eda y Bioinform\u00e1tica (CONICET-UNER) 2 , Ruta Prov. 11, Km 10, Oro Verde 3100, Entre R\u00edos, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9610-3671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Cerrudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Nacional de Entre R\u00edos 1 , Ruta Prov. 11, Km 10, Oro Verde 3100, Entre R\u00edos, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8355-5164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Pe\u00f1alva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Nacional de Entre R\u00edos 1 , Ruta Prov. 11, Km 10, Oro Verde 3100, Entre R\u00edos, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9969-668X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Machtey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Nacional de Entre R\u00edos 1 , Ruta Prov. 11, Km 10, Oro Verde 3100, Entre R\u00edos, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Reta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Nacional de Entre R\u00edos 1 , Ruta Prov. 11, Km 10, Oro Verde 3100, Entre R\u00edos, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2214-7746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ROMAT Creator Center 3 , Colonia Avellaneda, Entre R\u00edos, Argentina and , Ruta Prov. 11, Km 10, Oro Verde 3100, Entre R\u00edos, Argentina"},{"name":"Investigador Independiente, Colaborador de la Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Nacional de Entre R\u00edos 3 , Colonia Avellaneda, Entre R\u00edos, Argentina and , Ruta Prov. 11, Km 10, Oro Verde 3100, Entre R\u00edos, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3593-9929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.","family":"Campana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Nacional de Entre R\u00edos 1 , Ruta Prov. 11, Km 10, Oro Verde 3100, Entre R\u00edos, Argentina"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo en Bioingenier\u00eda y Bioinform\u00e1tica (CONICET-UNER) 2 , Ruta Prov. 11, Km 10, Oro Verde 3100, Entre R\u00edos, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3693-701X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Zalazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Nacional de Entre R\u00edos 1 , Ruta Prov. 11, Km 10, Oro Verde 3100, Entre R\u00edos, Argentina"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo en Bioingenier\u00eda y Bioinform\u00e1tica (CONICET-UNER) 2 , Ruta Prov. 11, Km 10, Oro Verde 3100, Entre R\u00edos, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024071812355271200_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2022.109083","volume":"219","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. 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