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The conformational structure of molecules is moderately affected by the environment, with the \u03c0-conjugated system becoming more planar in protic solvents. Solvent effects on the first hyperpolarizability result in marked increases that are in line with the red shifts of the absorption spectrum. The hyperpolarizability of smaller molecules within the set may be significantly influenced by the effects of geometry relaxation in highly polar protic solvents. The results illustrate the role of hydrogen bonds in the structure and electronic properties of push\u2013pull molecules in protic environments. For smaller molecules, hydrogen bonds significantly contribute to enhancing the hyperpolarizability, but the effect of these specific interactions becomes less significant with the length of the \u03c0-conjugated system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0215931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T10:18:52Z","timestamp":1721038732000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Calculation of the geometry, absorption spectrum, and first hyperpolarizability of 4,5-dicyanoimidazole derivatives in solution. A multiscale ASEC\u2013FEG study"],"prefix":"10.1063","volume":"161","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7135-2415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Idney","family":"Brand\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de F\u00edsica, Universidade Federal de Goi\u00e1s , Goi\u00e2nia, Goi\u00e1s 74690-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5788-0094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herbert C.","family":"Georg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de F\u00edsica, Universidade Federal de Goi\u00e1s , Goi\u00e2nia, Goi\u00e1s 74690-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6171-0028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos A.","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de F\u00edsica, Universidade Federal de Goi\u00e1s , Goi\u00e2nia, Goi\u00e1s 74690-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5501-7801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tertius L.","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de F\u00edsica, Universidade Federal de Goi\u00e1s , Goi\u00e2nia, Goi\u00e1s 74690-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"317","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024071510183162200_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1109\/jstqe.2008.921407","article-title":"Photonic applications with the organic nonlinear optical crystal DAST","volume":"14","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE J. 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